Objective: This study examined whether there were significant changes (expectedly increase) in BM... more Objective: This study examined whether there were significant changes (expectedly increase) in BMI (Body Mass Index), and relative subcutaneous body fat during the four years of study in a university and compared these changes between the students of different courses, viz., Computer science, Law and administration, Humanities and Physical education. Design: This was a prospective follow up study with measurements at two time points with gap of four years. Body mass index, Triceps, subscapular, mid-axillary, abdominal, supra-illiac and medial-calf skinfold thicknesses were measured at two points of time, just after entrance to university and again after completion of four years. Student’s T-test, one-way ANOVA, and repeated measures ANNOVA (two-way) were employed to assess significance of differences in anthropometric measures between groups of students. Setting: The study was conducted at the University of Rzeszów, Poland. Participants: 191 young men university students aged approx...
Background: Kickboxing is a combat sport with various forms of competition. Kickboxing according ... more Background: Kickboxing is a combat sport with various forms of competition. Kickboxing according to the K1 rules is one of the most interesting and quickly developing forms of kickboxing. According to the K1 rules, it is possible to use a variety of techniques with great force. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during a real sports fight and to perform a technical and tactical analysis of the kickboxing bout according to the K1 rules.Methods: This study was conducted during two cycles of the international kickboxing league according to the K1 rules in a group of 15 elite athletes. The indicators of technical and tactical training were evaluated in real sports bout. Blood lactate (LA) levels and heart rate (HR) were measured during and after the bout.Results: The efficiency of the attack was on average 59.3 ± 2.7, its effectiveness was 50.3 ± 10.01, and its activeness was 112.3 ± 29. The peak LA concentration was 14.6 ± 1.9 mmol/L. LA concentration ...
Physical exercise is associated with an increase in the speed of metabolic processes to supply en... more Physical exercise is associated with an increase in the speed of metabolic processes to supply energy to working muscles and endogenous heat production. Intense sweating caused by the work performed at high ambient temperatures is associated with a significant loss of water and electrolytes, leading to dehydration. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of different hydration strategies in young men during prolonged exercise at elevated ambient temperatures on levels of pro-oxidative and antioxidant status, oxidative status markers (TAC/TOC), muscle cell damage (Mb, LDH), and inflammatory status (WBC, CRP, IL-1β). The study was conducted on a group of 12 healthy men with average levels of aerobic capacity. The intervention consisted of using various hydration strategies: no hydration; water; and isotonic drinks. The examination was di-vided into two main stages. The first stage was a preliminary study that included medical exami-nations, measurements of somatic indices, and e...
Background & Study Aim: Taekwon-do according to the theory of combat sports qualify for category ... more Background & Study Aim: Taekwon-do according to the theory of combat sports qualify for category consisting of in hits (strokes). This is of particular importance especially in the case of the traditional version of taekwon-do, in which a single kick might reveal the winner. The aim of the paper is knowledge about the influence of chosen kinematic factors on the front kick technique. Materials & Methods: In the study 6 taekwon-do ITF athletes were examined (age:16.5±1.0 year; body mass: 64.14±10.9 kg; height: 176.5±7.5 cm). According to the criteria commonly used in biomechanical analysis of combat sports athletes were asked to execute the front kick (in taekwon-do terminology referred to as ap chagi). The foot and knee velocities in chosen movement phases were determined in the Cartesian coordinate system and so were the duration of particular phases of movement and the total duration of the complete kick. Results: The maximum average foot velocity obtained was 10.40 ±0.77 m/s. The...
Artykuł recenzowany / peer-reviewed articleTendencje zdrowotne dotyczące zwiększania masy i wymia... more Artykuł recenzowany / peer-reviewed articleTendencje zdrowotne dotyczące zwiększania masy i wymiarów ciała wśród dzieci, młodzieży, a także osób dorosłych w Polsce nie są optymistyczne. Polska należy do krajów, w których to zjawisko, a właściwie problem zdrowotny zaznacza się w sposób szczególny, tj. ma charakter wzrostowy. O ile BMI (Body Mass Index, wskaźnik Queteleta II) uważany był do tej pory za adekwatny (optymalny) wskaźnik antropometryczny obrazujący stosunek masy ciała do wysokości ciała, tym samym na jego podstawie dokonywana była ocena prawidłowości bądź nieprawidłowości budowy lub funkcjonowania organizmu, tak w ostatnich latach został opracowany nowy miernik odnoszący się do procentowej zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej w ciele, a mianowicie BAI (Body Adiposity Index), czyli wskaźnik otłuszczenia ciała. Różnice w interpretowaniu tych samych cech somatycznych u różnych osób za pomocą obydwu wskaźników pozwalają wnioskować, iż BMI nie jest najbardziej rzetelnym miernikiem obr...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
We nowadays record growing numbers of e-cigarette users. The development of nicotine dependence i... more We nowadays record growing numbers of e-cigarette users. The development of nicotine dependence is a result of many factors, including genetics and personality. In this study we analyzed two polymorphisms—rs1985242 and rs1062613—in the serotonin receptor HTR3A gene in a group of e-cigarette users (n = 135) and controls (n = 106). Personality traits were measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The comparison of e-cigarette users with the control group indicates that the former showed significantly higher scores on the neuroticism scale and lower scores on the scales of extraversion and conscientiousness of the NEO-FFI. Homozygote variants of rs1985242 were more frequent in the study group. The results of the 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA for e-cigarette users and the control group as well as interaction between the HTR3A rs1985242 variants were found for the NEO-FFI conscientiousness scale. These results allow us to conclude that the combination of psychological factors and genetic dat...
Teaching football should not be focused exclusively on students’ physical or locomotor skills, it... more Teaching football should not be focused exclusively on students’ physical or locomotor skills, it should also develop their thinking processes. This fact comes as a result of cooperation of football players during a match, which requires anticipation and making right decisions. The process of intellectual training is often outlined by coaches, but in a regular training it is often not discussed in detail, since not many studies confirmed its importance. In the paper the level of thinking of players during cooperation in scoring a goal was discussed as well as modeling of the game using means of intellectual training. The observation of player cooperation included the analysis of 141 goals scored in 76 randomly selected football matches in UEFA Champions League from 2005 to 2019. In the study the method of noted observation was used, the subject of the study could be observed many times. The actions were observed due to the level of thinking processes. The analysis of the results sho...
Dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) together with adrenaline and noradrenaline belong to the g... more Dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) together with adrenaline and noradrenaline belong to the group of catecholamines present in different tissues, predominantly in the nervous system, where they function as neurotransmitters. Our choice of the genetic determinants of the dopaminergic system disorders for the main topic of our project study was influenced by a wide spectrum of influence which the system has on the functions of an organism connected with, for example, its adaptive response to physical effort (it is the very adrenergic system that physiologists call the "work and fight" and even the "fight and flight" system). It is, for example, proven by the confirmed influence of dopaminergic mechanisms on blood pressure, widening of bronchi and a mobilization of energetic substrates. On the other hand, it is worth mentioning another importance of dopamine recognized by psychologists and psychiatrists as the hormone of "motivation, thrill and adventure se...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
The essence of a sports training includes not only developing the skills necessary in a chosen sp... more The essence of a sports training includes not only developing the skills necessary in a chosen sport but also particular care about athlete’s health. This issue should be taken into account especially in case of children and youth engaged in sporting activities. In the paper there are issues connected to the control of physical effort abilities in the sports training of young football players and the assessment of the reaction of the body to physical exercise in city smog conditions (the environment of the city of Kraków) and clean air conditions (the environment of the town of Głuchołazy). This paper shows that, when assessing physical effort, one can consider not nly the results of physical tests but also the reaction of the body to a given physical load. One should remember that physical load depends not only on the methods used and the range of intensity, but also on the environmental conditions, like the quality of the air. Determining the reaction of the body to physical load ...
Artykul recenzowana / Peer-reviewed article Praca zostala zaprezentowana w sesji plakatowej podcz... more Artykul recenzowana / Peer-reviewed article Praca zostala zaprezentowana w sesji plakatowej podczas IV Ogolnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej „Czlowiek w zdrowiu i chorobie, promocja zdrowia, leczenie i rehabilitacja”, Tarnow, 19-20 IX 2014
Objective: This study examined whether there were significant changes (expectedly increase) in BM... more Objective: This study examined whether there were significant changes (expectedly increase) in BMI (Body Mass Index), and relative subcutaneous body fat during the four years of study in a university and compared these changes between the students of different courses, viz., Computer science, Law and administration, Humanities and Physical education. Design: This was a prospective follow up study with measurements at two time points with gap of four years. Body mass index, Triceps, subscapular, mid-axillary, abdominal, supra-illiac and medial-calf skinfold thicknesses were measured at two points of time, just after entrance to university and again after completion of four years. Student’s T-test, one-way ANOVA, and repeated measures ANNOVA (two-way) were employed to assess significance of differences in anthropometric measures between groups of students. Setting: The study was conducted at the University of Rzeszów, Poland. Participants: 191 young men university students aged approx...
Background: Kickboxing is a combat sport with various forms of competition. Kickboxing according ... more Background: Kickboxing is a combat sport with various forms of competition. Kickboxing according to the K1 rules is one of the most interesting and quickly developing forms of kickboxing. According to the K1 rules, it is possible to use a variety of techniques with great force. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during a real sports fight and to perform a technical and tactical analysis of the kickboxing bout according to the K1 rules.Methods: This study was conducted during two cycles of the international kickboxing league according to the K1 rules in a group of 15 elite athletes. The indicators of technical and tactical training were evaluated in real sports bout. Blood lactate (LA) levels and heart rate (HR) were measured during and after the bout.Results: The efficiency of the attack was on average 59.3 ± 2.7, its effectiveness was 50.3 ± 10.01, and its activeness was 112.3 ± 29. The peak LA concentration was 14.6 ± 1.9 mmol/L. LA concentration ...
Physical exercise is associated with an increase in the speed of metabolic processes to supply en... more Physical exercise is associated with an increase in the speed of metabolic processes to supply energy to working muscles and endogenous heat production. Intense sweating caused by the work performed at high ambient temperatures is associated with a significant loss of water and electrolytes, leading to dehydration. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of different hydration strategies in young men during prolonged exercise at elevated ambient temperatures on levels of pro-oxidative and antioxidant status, oxidative status markers (TAC/TOC), muscle cell damage (Mb, LDH), and inflammatory status (WBC, CRP, IL-1β). The study was conducted on a group of 12 healthy men with average levels of aerobic capacity. The intervention consisted of using various hydration strategies: no hydration; water; and isotonic drinks. The examination was di-vided into two main stages. The first stage was a preliminary study that included medical exami-nations, measurements of somatic indices, and e...
Background & Study Aim: Taekwon-do according to the theory of combat sports qualify for category ... more Background & Study Aim: Taekwon-do according to the theory of combat sports qualify for category consisting of in hits (strokes). This is of particular importance especially in the case of the traditional version of taekwon-do, in which a single kick might reveal the winner. The aim of the paper is knowledge about the influence of chosen kinematic factors on the front kick technique. Materials & Methods: In the study 6 taekwon-do ITF athletes were examined (age:16.5±1.0 year; body mass: 64.14±10.9 kg; height: 176.5±7.5 cm). According to the criteria commonly used in biomechanical analysis of combat sports athletes were asked to execute the front kick (in taekwon-do terminology referred to as ap chagi). The foot and knee velocities in chosen movement phases were determined in the Cartesian coordinate system and so were the duration of particular phases of movement and the total duration of the complete kick. Results: The maximum average foot velocity obtained was 10.40 ±0.77 m/s. The...
Artykuł recenzowany / peer-reviewed articleTendencje zdrowotne dotyczące zwiększania masy i wymia... more Artykuł recenzowany / peer-reviewed articleTendencje zdrowotne dotyczące zwiększania masy i wymiarów ciała wśród dzieci, młodzieży, a także osób dorosłych w Polsce nie są optymistyczne. Polska należy do krajów, w których to zjawisko, a właściwie problem zdrowotny zaznacza się w sposób szczególny, tj. ma charakter wzrostowy. O ile BMI (Body Mass Index, wskaźnik Queteleta II) uważany był do tej pory za adekwatny (optymalny) wskaźnik antropometryczny obrazujący stosunek masy ciała do wysokości ciała, tym samym na jego podstawie dokonywana była ocena prawidłowości bądź nieprawidłowości budowy lub funkcjonowania organizmu, tak w ostatnich latach został opracowany nowy miernik odnoszący się do procentowej zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej w ciele, a mianowicie BAI (Body Adiposity Index), czyli wskaźnik otłuszczenia ciała. Różnice w interpretowaniu tych samych cech somatycznych u różnych osób za pomocą obydwu wskaźników pozwalają wnioskować, iż BMI nie jest najbardziej rzetelnym miernikiem obr...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
We nowadays record growing numbers of e-cigarette users. The development of nicotine dependence i... more We nowadays record growing numbers of e-cigarette users. The development of nicotine dependence is a result of many factors, including genetics and personality. In this study we analyzed two polymorphisms—rs1985242 and rs1062613—in the serotonin receptor HTR3A gene in a group of e-cigarette users (n = 135) and controls (n = 106). Personality traits were measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The comparison of e-cigarette users with the control group indicates that the former showed significantly higher scores on the neuroticism scale and lower scores on the scales of extraversion and conscientiousness of the NEO-FFI. Homozygote variants of rs1985242 were more frequent in the study group. The results of the 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA for e-cigarette users and the control group as well as interaction between the HTR3A rs1985242 variants were found for the NEO-FFI conscientiousness scale. These results allow us to conclude that the combination of psychological factors and genetic dat...
Teaching football should not be focused exclusively on students’ physical or locomotor skills, it... more Teaching football should not be focused exclusively on students’ physical or locomotor skills, it should also develop their thinking processes. This fact comes as a result of cooperation of football players during a match, which requires anticipation and making right decisions. The process of intellectual training is often outlined by coaches, but in a regular training it is often not discussed in detail, since not many studies confirmed its importance. In the paper the level of thinking of players during cooperation in scoring a goal was discussed as well as modeling of the game using means of intellectual training. The observation of player cooperation included the analysis of 141 goals scored in 76 randomly selected football matches in UEFA Champions League from 2005 to 2019. In the study the method of noted observation was used, the subject of the study could be observed many times. The actions were observed due to the level of thinking processes. The analysis of the results sho...
Dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) together with adrenaline and noradrenaline belong to the g... more Dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) together with adrenaline and noradrenaline belong to the group of catecholamines present in different tissues, predominantly in the nervous system, where they function as neurotransmitters. Our choice of the genetic determinants of the dopaminergic system disorders for the main topic of our project study was influenced by a wide spectrum of influence which the system has on the functions of an organism connected with, for example, its adaptive response to physical effort (it is the very adrenergic system that physiologists call the "work and fight" and even the "fight and flight" system). It is, for example, proven by the confirmed influence of dopaminergic mechanisms on blood pressure, widening of bronchi and a mobilization of energetic substrates. On the other hand, it is worth mentioning another importance of dopamine recognized by psychologists and psychiatrists as the hormone of "motivation, thrill and adventure se...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
The essence of a sports training includes not only developing the skills necessary in a chosen sp... more The essence of a sports training includes not only developing the skills necessary in a chosen sport but also particular care about athlete’s health. This issue should be taken into account especially in case of children and youth engaged in sporting activities. In the paper there are issues connected to the control of physical effort abilities in the sports training of young football players and the assessment of the reaction of the body to physical exercise in city smog conditions (the environment of the city of Kraków) and clean air conditions (the environment of the town of Głuchołazy). This paper shows that, when assessing physical effort, one can consider not nly the results of physical tests but also the reaction of the body to a given physical load. One should remember that physical load depends not only on the methods used and the range of intensity, but also on the environmental conditions, like the quality of the air. Determining the reaction of the body to physical load ...
Artykul recenzowana / Peer-reviewed article Praca zostala zaprezentowana w sesji plakatowej podcz... more Artykul recenzowana / Peer-reviewed article Praca zostala zaprezentowana w sesji plakatowej podczas IV Ogolnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej „Czlowiek w zdrowiu i chorobie, promocja zdrowia, leczenie i rehabilitacja”, Tarnow, 19-20 IX 2014
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