Latin America and the Caribbean continue to be adversely affected by dengue with the disease bein... more Latin America and the Caribbean continue to be adversely affected by dengue with the disease being endemic in several countries in this region. As a result, the social and economic impacts of the disease have risen significantly. Currently, there are very few solutions available to limit the spread of the virus, with vector control being the most commonly used. However, due to increased insecticidal resistance, scientists in the region have actively been seeking new ways to limit the spread of the virus. This quest has led researchers to investigate the antiviral properties of natural products. While antiviral screening activities focused on preventing or treating infection of the human host remains a significant area of study, some scientists have now focused their attention on preventing infection or transmission in the mosquito vector. This review therefore aims to highlight the use of natural products in Latin America and the Caribbean for blocking viral transmission of dengue v...
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Clinical tissue specimens are primarily destined for formalin fixed, paraffin e... more OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Clinical tissue specimens are primarily destined for formalin fixed, paraffin embedded processing to create a basis for diagnosis by microscopic examination. Innovations in specimen processing are required to expand its availability for inclusion as the substrate in assays that can contribute to the further development of Precision Medicine. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Transurethral resection of bladder tumors were selected for testing based on availability and tissue composition. A wash step was used to generate daughter aliquots composed of dislodged cells and a solution with prior contact to the parent tissue. This wash step served two purposes: 1) reduce the amount of contaminating material from spreading to other cases, a problem known to be associated with this type of specimen; and 2) create aliquots from which additional informative data could be generated. These daughter aliquots were then examined to determine their value as a source for exosome profiling, ...
Placentophagia in nonhuman mammals facilitates mother-infant bonding, onset of maternal behavior,... more Placentophagia in nonhuman mammals facilitates mother-infant bonding, onset of maternal behavior, suppresses pseudopregnancy, and helps to suppress pain. POEF, a substance in afterbirth, when ingested enhances endogenous and exogenous opioid-mediated hypoalgesia in males and females. Afterbirth of all species tested contains POEF. Despite some changes in maternal chemistry, placentophagy in humans has not been demonstrated to be beneficial. POEF, if isolated and synthesized, may be a novel way to manage pain and addiction.
Author Institution: Laser Spectroscopy Facility, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State Universi... more Author Institution: Laser Spectroscopy Facility, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State UniversityMetal-containing fullerenes are produced in a carbon arc discharge. Thin films of metallofullerenes are deposited on silicon substrates by sublimation and analyzed by FT/ICR MS and infrared spectroscopy. Endohedral motions of the encapsulated metal ion are predicted to be infrared active and may be observed in conjunction with charge transfer states in the mid-infrared
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron degenerative disease whose etio... more Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron degenerative disease whose etiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Most cases of ALS (≈90%) are sporadic (SALS), occurring in the absence of genetic associations. Approximately 20% of familial ALS (FALS) cases are due to known mutations in the copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene. Molecular evidence for a common pathogenesis of SALS and FALS has remained elusive. Here we use covalent chemical modification to reveal an attribute of spinal cord SOD1 common to both SOD1-linked FALS and SALS, but not present in normal or disease-affected tissues from other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and spinal muscular atrophy, a non-ALS motor neuron disease. Biotinylation reveals a 32-kDa, covalently cross-linked SOD1-containing protein species produced not only in FALS caused by SOD1 mutation, but also in SALS. These studies use chemical modi...
Results from time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectra (TOF-SIMS) of Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers... more Results from time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectra (TOF-SIMS) of Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of various isomers (isotactic and syndiotactic) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are reported. A detailed analysis of the repeating pattern of fragment ion clusters yields very different patterns for isotactic PMMA LB layers than for the syndiotactic and atactic forms. This is attributed to the resulting double-helical tertiary structure of isotactic PMMA, a structure that does not form for the syndiotactic and atactic PMMA polymer monolayers. The double-helical structure of isotactic PMMA monolayers is verified using reflection absorption Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The repeating patterns of cluster ions in syndiotactic and atactic PMMA monolayers can be explained using statistical chain-breaking models for fragmentation of single isolated polymer chains. The repeating ion patterns from the TOF-SIMS of the isotactic PMMA monolayers are analyzed by considering bond breaking and ion formation between adjacent polymer chains, resulting in a newly proposed ion formation model due to the tertiary structure of the double-helical form. A rearrangement mechanism consistent with all ions that are formed is proposed.
We report a sensory platform for the determination of common explosive species (e.g., TNT, PETN, ... more We report a sensory platform for the determination of common explosive species (e.g., TNT, PETN, RDX) based on the differential response from two different luminescent metal nanoclusters. In particular, whereas the red emission from bovine serum albumin-protected gold nanoclusters was strongly quenched by nitro-, nitrate-, and nitroamine-containing explosive organic molecules, blue-emitting glutathione-capped copper nanoclusters proved inert to quenching by these same analytes, instead showing evidence for aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). As a result, this discrete gold/copper nanocluster pairing provides a dual-probe, ratiometric (red-to-blue) system signaling the presence of TNT and other common explosives. This strategy opens up new potential for nanocluster-based analyte signaling, with implications to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategies as well.
The study of biological specimens by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has had a profound influence... more The study of biological specimens by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has had a profound influence in the various forms of spatial-omics over the past two decades including applications for the identification of clinical biomarker analysis; the metabolic fingerprinting of disease states; treatment with therapeutics; and the profiling of lipids, peptides and proteins. No singular approach is able to globally map all biomolecular classes simultaneously. This led to the development of many complementary multimodal imaging approaches to solve analytical problems: fusing multiple ionization techniques, imaging microscopy or spectroscopy, or local extractions into robust multimodal imaging methods. However, each fusion typically requires the melding of analytical information from multiple commercial platforms, and the tandem utilization of multiple commercial or third-party software platforms—even in some cases requiring computer coding. Herein, we report the use of matrix-assisted laser d...
The IL-17 receptor triggers dual, sequential phosphorylation of the transcription factor C/EBPβ, ... more The IL-17 receptor triggers dual, sequential phosphorylation of the transcription factor C/EBPβ, which represses the expression of target genes.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1998
Phenylglyoxal is an arginine-specific reagent that inactivates creatine kinase (CK). Previous res... more Phenylglyoxal is an arginine-specific reagent that inactivates creatine kinase (CK). Previous results suggest that modification of the dimeric enzyme at a single arginine residue per subunit causes complete inactivation accompanied by the loss of nucleotide binding; the actual site of modification was not identified. Here, high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to identify three phenylglyoxal-modified Arg residues in monomeric rabbit muscle CK. Electrospray ionizaton Fourier-transform MS of the phenylglyoxal-modified CK that had lost ≈80% activity identified three species: unmodified, once-modified (+116 Da), and twice-modified (+232 Da) enzyme in a ratio of approximately 1:4:1. MS/MS restricts the derivatized sites to P122-P212 and P283-V332, whereas MS of Lys-C digestions revealed two modified peptides, A266-K297 and G116-K137. The only Arg in A266-K297 is Arg-291 (invariant), whereas MS/MS of modified G116-K137 shows that two of the three sites Arg-129, Arg-131...
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2019
Proteomics-based mass spectrometry has gained increasing amounts of popularity in recent years. I... more Proteomics-based mass spectrometry has gained increasing amounts of popularity in recent years. In particular, high resolution accurate mass measurements in mass spectrometry has gained notoriety for giving the capability of high throughput analysis with lower cost to the user. In particular, its uses in the identification of protein sequence through the utilization of bottom-up, middle-down, and top-down approaches has been widely discussed. In this chapter, we discuss the advantages of each technique as well as using the techniques in tandem to gain well-rounded structural data on our protein of interest, glucokinase. The study will focus on the use of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry, but give insights into the advantages that may come from the utilization of other high resolution techniques.
Latin America and the Caribbean continue to be adversely affected by dengue with the disease bein... more Latin America and the Caribbean continue to be adversely affected by dengue with the disease being endemic in several countries in this region. As a result, the social and economic impacts of the disease have risen significantly. Currently, there are very few solutions available to limit the spread of the virus, with vector control being the most commonly used. However, due to increased insecticidal resistance, scientists in the region have actively been seeking new ways to limit the spread of the virus. This quest has led researchers to investigate the antiviral properties of natural products. While antiviral screening activities focused on preventing or treating infection of the human host remains a significant area of study, some scientists have now focused their attention on preventing infection or transmission in the mosquito vector. This review therefore aims to highlight the use of natural products in Latin America and the Caribbean for blocking viral transmission of dengue v...
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Clinical tissue specimens are primarily destined for formalin fixed, paraffin e... more OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Clinical tissue specimens are primarily destined for formalin fixed, paraffin embedded processing to create a basis for diagnosis by microscopic examination. Innovations in specimen processing are required to expand its availability for inclusion as the substrate in assays that can contribute to the further development of Precision Medicine. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Transurethral resection of bladder tumors were selected for testing based on availability and tissue composition. A wash step was used to generate daughter aliquots composed of dislodged cells and a solution with prior contact to the parent tissue. This wash step served two purposes: 1) reduce the amount of contaminating material from spreading to other cases, a problem known to be associated with this type of specimen; and 2) create aliquots from which additional informative data could be generated. These daughter aliquots were then examined to determine their value as a source for exosome profiling, ...
Placentophagia in nonhuman mammals facilitates mother-infant bonding, onset of maternal behavior,... more Placentophagia in nonhuman mammals facilitates mother-infant bonding, onset of maternal behavior, suppresses pseudopregnancy, and helps to suppress pain. POEF, a substance in afterbirth, when ingested enhances endogenous and exogenous opioid-mediated hypoalgesia in males and females. Afterbirth of all species tested contains POEF. Despite some changes in maternal chemistry, placentophagy in humans has not been demonstrated to be beneficial. POEF, if isolated and synthesized, may be a novel way to manage pain and addiction.
Author Institution: Laser Spectroscopy Facility, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State Universi... more Author Institution: Laser Spectroscopy Facility, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State UniversityMetal-containing fullerenes are produced in a carbon arc discharge. Thin films of metallofullerenes are deposited on silicon substrates by sublimation and analyzed by FT/ICR MS and infrared spectroscopy. Endohedral motions of the encapsulated metal ion are predicted to be infrared active and may be observed in conjunction with charge transfer states in the mid-infrared
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron degenerative disease whose etio... more Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron degenerative disease whose etiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Most cases of ALS (≈90%) are sporadic (SALS), occurring in the absence of genetic associations. Approximately 20% of familial ALS (FALS) cases are due to known mutations in the copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene. Molecular evidence for a common pathogenesis of SALS and FALS has remained elusive. Here we use covalent chemical modification to reveal an attribute of spinal cord SOD1 common to both SOD1-linked FALS and SALS, but not present in normal or disease-affected tissues from other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and spinal muscular atrophy, a non-ALS motor neuron disease. Biotinylation reveals a 32-kDa, covalently cross-linked SOD1-containing protein species produced not only in FALS caused by SOD1 mutation, but also in SALS. These studies use chemical modi...
Results from time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectra (TOF-SIMS) of Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers... more Results from time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectra (TOF-SIMS) of Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of various isomers (isotactic and syndiotactic) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are reported. A detailed analysis of the repeating pattern of fragment ion clusters yields very different patterns for isotactic PMMA LB layers than for the syndiotactic and atactic forms. This is attributed to the resulting double-helical tertiary structure of isotactic PMMA, a structure that does not form for the syndiotactic and atactic PMMA polymer monolayers. The double-helical structure of isotactic PMMA monolayers is verified using reflection absorption Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The repeating patterns of cluster ions in syndiotactic and atactic PMMA monolayers can be explained using statistical chain-breaking models for fragmentation of single isolated polymer chains. The repeating ion patterns from the TOF-SIMS of the isotactic PMMA monolayers are analyzed by considering bond breaking and ion formation between adjacent polymer chains, resulting in a newly proposed ion formation model due to the tertiary structure of the double-helical form. A rearrangement mechanism consistent with all ions that are formed is proposed.
We report a sensory platform for the determination of common explosive species (e.g., TNT, PETN, ... more We report a sensory platform for the determination of common explosive species (e.g., TNT, PETN, RDX) based on the differential response from two different luminescent metal nanoclusters. In particular, whereas the red emission from bovine serum albumin-protected gold nanoclusters was strongly quenched by nitro-, nitrate-, and nitroamine-containing explosive organic molecules, blue-emitting glutathione-capped copper nanoclusters proved inert to quenching by these same analytes, instead showing evidence for aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). As a result, this discrete gold/copper nanocluster pairing provides a dual-probe, ratiometric (red-to-blue) system signaling the presence of TNT and other common explosives. This strategy opens up new potential for nanocluster-based analyte signaling, with implications to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategies as well.
The study of biological specimens by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has had a profound influence... more The study of biological specimens by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has had a profound influence in the various forms of spatial-omics over the past two decades including applications for the identification of clinical biomarker analysis; the metabolic fingerprinting of disease states; treatment with therapeutics; and the profiling of lipids, peptides and proteins. No singular approach is able to globally map all biomolecular classes simultaneously. This led to the development of many complementary multimodal imaging approaches to solve analytical problems: fusing multiple ionization techniques, imaging microscopy or spectroscopy, or local extractions into robust multimodal imaging methods. However, each fusion typically requires the melding of analytical information from multiple commercial platforms, and the tandem utilization of multiple commercial or third-party software platforms—even in some cases requiring computer coding. Herein, we report the use of matrix-assisted laser d...
The IL-17 receptor triggers dual, sequential phosphorylation of the transcription factor C/EBPβ, ... more The IL-17 receptor triggers dual, sequential phosphorylation of the transcription factor C/EBPβ, which represses the expression of target genes.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1998
Phenylglyoxal is an arginine-specific reagent that inactivates creatine kinase (CK). Previous res... more Phenylglyoxal is an arginine-specific reagent that inactivates creatine kinase (CK). Previous results suggest that modification of the dimeric enzyme at a single arginine residue per subunit causes complete inactivation accompanied by the loss of nucleotide binding; the actual site of modification was not identified. Here, high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to identify three phenylglyoxal-modified Arg residues in monomeric rabbit muscle CK. Electrospray ionizaton Fourier-transform MS of the phenylglyoxal-modified CK that had lost ≈80% activity identified three species: unmodified, once-modified (+116 Da), and twice-modified (+232 Da) enzyme in a ratio of approximately 1:4:1. MS/MS restricts the derivatized sites to P122-P212 and P283-V332, whereas MS of Lys-C digestions revealed two modified peptides, A266-K297 and G116-K137. The only Arg in A266-K297 is Arg-291 (invariant), whereas MS/MS of modified G116-K137 shows that two of the three sites Arg-129, Arg-131...
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2019
Proteomics-based mass spectrometry has gained increasing amounts of popularity in recent years. I... more Proteomics-based mass spectrometry has gained increasing amounts of popularity in recent years. In particular, high resolution accurate mass measurements in mass spectrometry has gained notoriety for giving the capability of high throughput analysis with lower cost to the user. In particular, its uses in the identification of protein sequence through the utilization of bottom-up, middle-down, and top-down approaches has been widely discussed. In this chapter, we discuss the advantages of each technique as well as using the techniques in tandem to gain well-rounded structural data on our protein of interest, glucokinase. The study will focus on the use of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry, but give insights into the advantages that may come from the utilization of other high resolution techniques.
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Papers by Troy Wood