Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIRI) technique can be used to obtain the quan... more Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIRI) technique can be used to obtain the quantitative information of content and spatial distribution of principal components in cartilage by combining with chemometrics methods. In this study, FTIRI combining with principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher's discriminant analysis (FDA) was applied to identify the healthy and osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage samples. Ten 10-μm thick sections of canine cartilages were imaged at 6.25μm/pixel in FTIRI. The infrared spectra extracted from the FTIR images were imported into SPSS software for PCA and FDA. Based on the PCA result of 2 principal components, the healthy and OA cartilage samples were effectively discriminated by the FDA with high accuracy of 94% for the initial samples (training set) and cross validation, as well as 86.67% for the prediction group. The study showed that cartilage degeneration became gradually weak with the increase of the depth. FTIRI combined ...
Systemic analyses using large-scale genomic profiles have successfully identified cancer-driving ... more Systemic analyses using large-scale genomic profiles have successfully identified cancer-driving somatic copy number variations (SCNVs) loci. However, functions of vast focal SCNVs in ''protein-coding gene desert'' regions were largely unknown. The integrative analysis of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles with SCNVs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lead us identifying the recurrent deletion of lncRNA-PRAL (p53 regulation associated lncRNA) on chromosome 17p13.1, whose genomic alterations were significantly associated with the reduced survival of HCC patients. We found that lncRNA-PRAL could inhibit HCC growth and induce apoptosis in vivo and in vitro through p53. Subsequent investigations indicated that the three stem-loop motifs at the 5' end of lncRNA-PRAL facilitated the combination of HSP90 and p53, and thus competitively inhibited the MDM2-dependent p53 ubiquitination, resulting in the enhanced p53 stability. Additionally, in vivo lncRNA-PRAL ...
... In the following section, we will simulate the stress-strain, pore water Table 2 EVP model pa... more ... In the following section, we will simulate the stress-strain, pore water Table 2 EVP model parameters corresponding of soft rock k=V λ=V C=V εr vmo P0 mo ðkPaÞ t0 ðminÞ M 0.0204 0.1664 0.01 0 1194 60 1.75 ... Test and Analysis of Diatomaceous Soft Rock 195 Page 14. ...
ABSTRACT In recent decades, conventional electric instruments have already been widely used to mo... more ABSTRACT In recent decades, conventional electric instruments have already been widely used to monitor the performance of geotechnical structures. However, there are several inherent limitations of electric instruments for engineering including: electromagnetic interference, a large number of cables for multipoint measurement, signal loss in long distance transmission, and poor durability. Since the first Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor was fabricated in 1978, a significant progress has been made on the commercialization of optical fiber sensing technologies. In 1980s, a fully distributed sensing technology named Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) has been proposed and developed for measuring strain and temperature. In this paper, the authors review previous studies on the development and application of fiber optic sensors. Based on the measured strains, various analysis methods were transferred to required parameters such as displacement, force and pressure which can more directly reflect the safety of geotechnical structures under complex engineering stress condition.
The authors have developed a Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based monitoring system. FBG sensors were ... more The authors have developed a Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based monitoring system. FBG sensors were used to form quasi-distributed and automatic sensing array and special packaging methods were adopted. Calibration tests were conducted on bare, surface mounted and aluminum tube packaged FBG in laboratory. The sensors can measure average strain of host material as well as localized strain and show excellent linearity. Recently, FBG sensors have been successfully applied to monitor strain distributions along soil nails in Hong Kong, together with electrical strain gauges. During two pullout tests, the strain measured by FBG sensors and strain gauges are found to be in good agreement. This demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of FBG sensors in field soil nail monitoring.
This paper suggests a method for obtaining closed-form solutions for a reinforced Timoshenko beam... more This paper suggests a method for obtaining closed-form solutions for a reinforced Timoshenko beam on an elastic foundation subjected to any pressure loading. A particular solution is obtained for uniform pressure loading at any location of the beam. This solution can be used to ...
Abstract：Existing techniques for soil nail monitoring have limitations. This paper presents recen... more Abstract：Existing techniques for soil nail monitoring have limitations. This paper presents recent research works of the development of special optical fibre sensors and associated devices for measuring strains of soil nails. The optical fibre sensors have advantages: (i) reliable, (iii) high resolution, (iii) low-cost; and (iv) robust and convenient to use. Two types of optical fibre sensors with special protection measures are developed, calibrated and used: (a) bare Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) point sensors connected in series along a soil nail for measuring point strains and (b) average FGB sensors connected in series for measuring average strains. The two types of sensors have been tested in lab and the field with devices and protection for fitting a soil nail and data logger for field monitoring. The paper introduces the design, fabrication and calibration of the two types of sensors in the lab. The main calibration results and the application of the two types of sensors in the field and the main test results are presented and briefly discussed.
... of 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanic and Foundation Engineering, Hamburg, Germany: 1339-1342. ... more ... of 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanic and Foundation Engineering, Hamburg, Germany: 1339-1342. Yeung, AT, Cheng, YM, Lau, CK, Mak, LM, Yu, RSM, Choi, YK, & Kim, JH (2005). An innovative Korean system of pressure-grouted soil nailing as a slope stabilization measure. ...
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and strips are potential alternatives to conventional soil re... more Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and strips are potential alternatives to conventional soil reinforcements. In this aspect, two commonly used FRP materials are glass-FRP and carbon-FRP (GFRP and CFRP). However, the differences in pullout behavior between soilembedded GFRP and CFRP rods, and conventional steel bars, are not well understood. This paper describes the results of an experimental study that was conducted to investigate the behavior of FRP bar/strip-sand interfaces under low normal pressure. A series of pullout tests were performed on GFRP and CFRP bars and strips buried in sand. A simple model using the ideal elastoplastic interface shear stress-strain relationship is proposed to simulate the pullout behavior of the FRP reinforcements. The progressive pullout process and the evolution of interface shear stress distribution are obtained from the proposed model. The experimental and analytical results show that, in comparison with CFRP and steel reinforcements, the GFRP reinforcement has a more nonlinear and nonuniform distribution of interface shear stress, and the pullout is more progressive. The differences in Young's modulus and interface shear coefficient lead to the different pullout behaviors of these three materials. The reduced Young's modulus gives GFRP reinforcements a risk of excessive tensile elongation and bending deflection. The test results show that the progressive pullout behavior is also governed by the reinforcement dimensions.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIRI) technique can be used to obtain the quan... more Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIRI) technique can be used to obtain the quantitative information of content and spatial distribution of principal components in cartilage by combining with chemometrics methods. In this study, FTIRI combining with principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher's discriminant analysis (FDA) was applied to identify the healthy and osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage samples. Ten 10-μm thick sections of canine cartilages were imaged at 6.25μm/pixel in FTIRI. The infrared spectra extracted from the FTIR images were imported into SPSS software for PCA and FDA. Based on the PCA result of 2 principal components, the healthy and OA cartilage samples were effectively discriminated by the FDA with high accuracy of 94% for the initial samples (training set) and cross validation, as well as 86.67% for the prediction group. The study showed that cartilage degeneration became gradually weak with the increase of the depth. FTIRI combined ...
Systemic analyses using large-scale genomic profiles have successfully identified cancer-driving ... more Systemic analyses using large-scale genomic profiles have successfully identified cancer-driving somatic copy number variations (SCNVs) loci. However, functions of vast focal SCNVs in ''protein-coding gene desert'' regions were largely unknown. The integrative analysis of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles with SCNVs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lead us identifying the recurrent deletion of lncRNA-PRAL (p53 regulation associated lncRNA) on chromosome 17p13.1, whose genomic alterations were significantly associated with the reduced survival of HCC patients. We found that lncRNA-PRAL could inhibit HCC growth and induce apoptosis in vivo and in vitro through p53. Subsequent investigations indicated that the three stem-loop motifs at the 5' end of lncRNA-PRAL facilitated the combination of HSP90 and p53, and thus competitively inhibited the MDM2-dependent p53 ubiquitination, resulting in the enhanced p53 stability. Additionally, in vivo lncRNA-PRAL ...
... In the following section, we will simulate the stress-strain, pore water Table 2 EVP model pa... more ... In the following section, we will simulate the stress-strain, pore water Table 2 EVP model parameters corresponding of soft rock k=V λ=V C=V εr vmo P0 mo ðkPaÞ t0 ðminÞ M 0.0204 0.1664 0.01 0 1194 60 1.75 ... Test and Analysis of Diatomaceous Soft Rock 195 Page 14. ...
ABSTRACT In recent decades, conventional electric instruments have already been widely used to mo... more ABSTRACT In recent decades, conventional electric instruments have already been widely used to monitor the performance of geotechnical structures. However, there are several inherent limitations of electric instruments for engineering including: electromagnetic interference, a large number of cables for multipoint measurement, signal loss in long distance transmission, and poor durability. Since the first Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor was fabricated in 1978, a significant progress has been made on the commercialization of optical fiber sensing technologies. In 1980s, a fully distributed sensing technology named Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) has been proposed and developed for measuring strain and temperature. In this paper, the authors review previous studies on the development and application of fiber optic sensors. Based on the measured strains, various analysis methods were transferred to required parameters such as displacement, force and pressure which can more directly reflect the safety of geotechnical structures under complex engineering stress condition.
The authors have developed a Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based monitoring system. FBG sensors were ... more The authors have developed a Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based monitoring system. FBG sensors were used to form quasi-distributed and automatic sensing array and special packaging methods were adopted. Calibration tests were conducted on bare, surface mounted and aluminum tube packaged FBG in laboratory. The sensors can measure average strain of host material as well as localized strain and show excellent linearity. Recently, FBG sensors have been successfully applied to monitor strain distributions along soil nails in Hong Kong, together with electrical strain gauges. During two pullout tests, the strain measured by FBG sensors and strain gauges are found to be in good agreement. This demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of FBG sensors in field soil nail monitoring.
This paper suggests a method for obtaining closed-form solutions for a reinforced Timoshenko beam... more This paper suggests a method for obtaining closed-form solutions for a reinforced Timoshenko beam on an elastic foundation subjected to any pressure loading. A particular solution is obtained for uniform pressure loading at any location of the beam. This solution can be used to ...
Abstract：Existing techniques for soil nail monitoring have limitations. This paper presents recen... more Abstract：Existing techniques for soil nail monitoring have limitations. This paper presents recent research works of the development of special optical fibre sensors and associated devices for measuring strains of soil nails. The optical fibre sensors have advantages: (i) reliable, (iii) high resolution, (iii) low-cost; and (iv) robust and convenient to use. Two types of optical fibre sensors with special protection measures are developed, calibrated and used: (a) bare Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) point sensors connected in series along a soil nail for measuring point strains and (b) average FGB sensors connected in series for measuring average strains. The two types of sensors have been tested in lab and the field with devices and protection for fitting a soil nail and data logger for field monitoring. The paper introduces the design, fabrication and calibration of the two types of sensors in the lab. The main calibration results and the application of the two types of sensors in the field and the main test results are presented and briefly discussed.
... of 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanic and Foundation Engineering, Hamburg, Germany: 1339-1342. ... more ... of 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanic and Foundation Engineering, Hamburg, Germany: 1339-1342. Yeung, AT, Cheng, YM, Lau, CK, Mak, LM, Yu, RSM, Choi, YK, & Kim, JH (2005). An innovative Korean system of pressure-grouted soil nailing as a slope stabilization measure. ...
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and strips are potential alternatives to conventional soil re... more Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and strips are potential alternatives to conventional soil reinforcements. In this aspect, two commonly used FRP materials are glass-FRP and carbon-FRP (GFRP and CFRP). However, the differences in pullout behavior between soilembedded GFRP and CFRP rods, and conventional steel bars, are not well understood. This paper describes the results of an experimental study that was conducted to investigate the behavior of FRP bar/strip-sand interfaces under low normal pressure. A series of pullout tests were performed on GFRP and CFRP bars and strips buried in sand. A simple model using the ideal elastoplastic interface shear stress-strain relationship is proposed to simulate the pullout behavior of the FRP reinforcements. The progressive pullout process and the evolution of interface shear stress distribution are obtained from the proposed model. The experimental and analytical results show that, in comparison with CFRP and steel reinforcements, the GFRP reinforcement has a more nonlinear and nonuniform distribution of interface shear stress, and the pullout is more progressive. The differences in Young's modulus and interface shear coefficient lead to the different pullout behaviors of these three materials. The reduced Young's modulus gives GFRP reinforcements a risk of excessive tensile elongation and bending deflection. The test results show that the progressive pullout behavior is also governed by the reinforcement dimensions.
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