Background: There continues to be an enormous gap in reliable cause of death statistics for the v... more Background: There continues to be an enormous gap in reliable cause of death statistics for the vast majority of low income countries, which experience the highest burden of disease. Neither health-facility-based information systems nor vital registration provide ...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Sep 22, 2005
Registration of births, recording deaths by age, sex and cause, and calculating mortality levels ... more Registration of births, recording deaths by age, sex and cause, and calculating mortality levels and differentials are fundamental to evidence-based health policy, monitoring and evaluation. Yet few of the countries with the greatest need for these data have functioning systems to produce them despite legislation providing for the establishment and maintenance of vital registration. Sample vital registration (SVR), when applied in conjunction with validated verbal autopsy procedures and implemented in a nationally representative sample of population clusters represents an affordable, cost-effective, and sustainable short- and medium-term solution to this problem. SVR complements other information sources by producing age-, sex-, and cause-specific mortality data that are more complete and continuous than those currently available. The tools and methods employed in an SVR system, however, are imperfect and require rigorous validation and continuous quality assurance; sampling strateg...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Sep 22, 2005
To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-constrained... more To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-constrained setting and compare the costs and outputs of information subsystems that generate the statistics on poverty, health and survival required for monitoring, evaluation and reporting on health programmes in the United Republic of Tanzania. Nine systems used by four government agencies or ministries were assessed. Costs were calculated from budgets and expenditure data made available by information system managers. System coverage, quality assurance and information production were reviewed using questionnaires and interviews. Information production was characterized in terms of 38 key sociodemographic indicators required for national programme monitoring. In 2002-03 approximately US$ 0.53 was spent per Tanzanian citizen on the nine information subsystems that generated information on 37 of the 38 selected indicators. The census and reporting system for routine health service statistics had t...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Mar 25, 2003
To examine the progress made towards the Safe Motherhood Initiative goals in three areas of the U... more To examine the progress made towards the Safe Motherhood Initiative goals in three areas of the United Republic of Tanzania during the 1990s. Maternal mortality in the United Republic of Tanzania was monitored by sentinel demographic surveillance of more than 77,000 women of reproductive age, and by prospective monitoring of mortality in the following locations; an urban site; a wealthier rural district; and a poor rural district. The observation period for the rural districts was 1992-99 and 1993-99 for the urban site. During the period of observation, the proportion of deaths of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) due to maternal causes (PMDF) compared with all causes was between 0.063 and 0.095. Maternal mortality ratios (MMRatios) were 591-1099 and maternal mortality rates (MMRates; maternal deaths per 100,000 women aged 15-49 years) were 43.1-123.0. MMRatios in surveillance areas were substantially higher than estimates from official, facility-based statistics. In all areas...
Cost-effectiveness of medical interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in a sub-Saharan Af... more Cost-effectiveness of medical interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in a sub-Saharan African country – the case
Funding: Funding for the preparation of this article was provided through MEASURE Evaluation, Pha... more Funding: Funding for the preparation of this article was provided through MEASURE Evaluation, Phase 2, a USAID Cooperative Agreement (# GPO-A-00-03-00003–00) implemented by the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This publication was also supported by grant P10462–109/ 9903GLOB-2, The Global Burden of Disease 2000 in Aging Populations, from the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute on Aging (NIA). This publication is also, in part, an output of the Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project (AMMP). AMMP was a project of the Tanzanian Ministry of Health, funded by the United Kingdom
Objective To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-c... more Objective To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-constrained setting and compare the costs and outputs of information subsystems that generate the statistics on poverty, health and survival required for monitoring, evaluation and reporting on health programmes in the United Republic of Tanzania. Methods Nine systems used by four government agencies or ministries were assessed. Costs were calculated from budgets and expenditure data made available by information system managers. System coverage, quality assurance and information production were reviewed using questionnaires and interviews. Information production was characterized in terms of 38 key sociodemographic indicators required for national programme monitoring. Findings In 2002–03 approximately US $ 0.53 was spent per Tanzanian citizen on the nine information subsystems that generated information on 37 of the 38 selected indicators. The census and reporting system for routine hea...
DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND PERFORMANCE OF A RAPID CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE PROXY FOR MEASURING I... more DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND PERFORMANCE OF A RAPID CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE PROXY FOR MEASURING INCOME POVERTY IN TANZANIA: EXPERIENCE FROM AMMP DEMOGRAPHIC SURVILLANCE SITES (Paper prepared for the “Asset Index Seminar” 26-28 March 2003, by DFID’s Health Systems Resource Centre and the University of Southampton) By, Philip Setel, Savitri Abeyasekera, Patrick Ward, Yusuf Hemed, David Whiting, Robert Mswia, Manos Antoninis, and Henry Kitange for the Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project and National Sentinel Surveillance System Teams
Initially we set out to undertake a study of the cost-effectiveness of information in order to ad... more Initially we set out to undertake a study of the cost-effectiveness of information in order to address this gap in knowledge. Due to resource constraints as well as inherent problems in conceptualizing and operationalizing “effectiveness” in the context of information we refined our objectives to be more descriptive than comparative. The resulting survey of costs and results of information systems in the United Republic of Tanzania was intended to accomplish three aims: (1) To develop a methodology for assessing the comparative costs and results of the principle health and demographic information systems used to provide indicators for major M&E initiatives in the country. (2) To provide government development partners and the scholarly community in Tanzania with a tool for efficient and rational decision-making by assessing and comparing options for carrying out long-term M&E programs in poverty reduction and health. (3) To stimulate further discussion on approaches for assessing th...
Background: There continues to be an enormous gap in reliable cause of death statistics for the v... more Background: There continues to be an enormous gap in reliable cause of death statistics for the vast majority of low income countries, which experience the highest burden of disease. Neither health-facility-based information systems nor vital registration provide ...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Sep 22, 2005
Registration of births, recording deaths by age, sex and cause, and calculating mortality levels ... more Registration of births, recording deaths by age, sex and cause, and calculating mortality levels and differentials are fundamental to evidence-based health policy, monitoring and evaluation. Yet few of the countries with the greatest need for these data have functioning systems to produce them despite legislation providing for the establishment and maintenance of vital registration. Sample vital registration (SVR), when applied in conjunction with validated verbal autopsy procedures and implemented in a nationally representative sample of population clusters represents an affordable, cost-effective, and sustainable short- and medium-term solution to this problem. SVR complements other information sources by producing age-, sex-, and cause-specific mortality data that are more complete and continuous than those currently available. The tools and methods employed in an SVR system, however, are imperfect and require rigorous validation and continuous quality assurance; sampling strateg...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Sep 22, 2005
To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-constrained... more To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-constrained setting and compare the costs and outputs of information subsystems that generate the statistics on poverty, health and survival required for monitoring, evaluation and reporting on health programmes in the United Republic of Tanzania. Nine systems used by four government agencies or ministries were assessed. Costs were calculated from budgets and expenditure data made available by information system managers. System coverage, quality assurance and information production were reviewed using questionnaires and interviews. Information production was characterized in terms of 38 key sociodemographic indicators required for national programme monitoring. In 2002-03 approximately US$ 0.53 was spent per Tanzanian citizen on the nine information subsystems that generated information on 37 of the 38 selected indicators. The census and reporting system for routine health service statistics had t...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Mar 25, 2003
To examine the progress made towards the Safe Motherhood Initiative goals in three areas of the U... more To examine the progress made towards the Safe Motherhood Initiative goals in three areas of the United Republic of Tanzania during the 1990s. Maternal mortality in the United Republic of Tanzania was monitored by sentinel demographic surveillance of more than 77,000 women of reproductive age, and by prospective monitoring of mortality in the following locations; an urban site; a wealthier rural district; and a poor rural district. The observation period for the rural districts was 1992-99 and 1993-99 for the urban site. During the period of observation, the proportion of deaths of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) due to maternal causes (PMDF) compared with all causes was between 0.063 and 0.095. Maternal mortality ratios (MMRatios) were 591-1099 and maternal mortality rates (MMRates; maternal deaths per 100,000 women aged 15-49 years) were 43.1-123.0. MMRatios in surveillance areas were substantially higher than estimates from official, facility-based statistics. In all areas...
Cost-effectiveness of medical interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in a sub-Saharan Af... more Cost-effectiveness of medical interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in a sub-Saharan African country – the case
Funding: Funding for the preparation of this article was provided through MEASURE Evaluation, Pha... more Funding: Funding for the preparation of this article was provided through MEASURE Evaluation, Phase 2, a USAID Cooperative Agreement (# GPO-A-00-03-00003–00) implemented by the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This publication was also supported by grant P10462–109/ 9903GLOB-2, The Global Burden of Disease 2000 in Aging Populations, from the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute on Aging (NIA). This publication is also, in part, an output of the Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project (AMMP). AMMP was a project of the Tanzanian Ministry of Health, funded by the United Kingdom
Objective To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-c... more Objective To examine the costs of complementary information generation activities in a resource-constrained setting and compare the costs and outputs of information subsystems that generate the statistics on poverty, health and survival required for monitoring, evaluation and reporting on health programmes in the United Republic of Tanzania. Methods Nine systems used by four government agencies or ministries were assessed. Costs were calculated from budgets and expenditure data made available by information system managers. System coverage, quality assurance and information production were reviewed using questionnaires and interviews. Information production was characterized in terms of 38 key sociodemographic indicators required for national programme monitoring. Findings In 2002–03 approximately US $ 0.53 was spent per Tanzanian citizen on the nine information subsystems that generated information on 37 of the 38 selected indicators. The census and reporting system for routine hea...
DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND PERFORMANCE OF A RAPID CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE PROXY FOR MEASURING I... more DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND PERFORMANCE OF A RAPID CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE PROXY FOR MEASURING INCOME POVERTY IN TANZANIA: EXPERIENCE FROM AMMP DEMOGRAPHIC SURVILLANCE SITES (Paper prepared for the “Asset Index Seminar” 26-28 March 2003, by DFID’s Health Systems Resource Centre and the University of Southampton) By, Philip Setel, Savitri Abeyasekera, Patrick Ward, Yusuf Hemed, David Whiting, Robert Mswia, Manos Antoninis, and Henry Kitange for the Adult Morbidity and Mortality Project and National Sentinel Surveillance System Teams
Initially we set out to undertake a study of the cost-effectiveness of information in order to ad... more Initially we set out to undertake a study of the cost-effectiveness of information in order to address this gap in knowledge. Due to resource constraints as well as inherent problems in conceptualizing and operationalizing “effectiveness” in the context of information we refined our objectives to be more descriptive than comparative. The resulting survey of costs and results of information systems in the United Republic of Tanzania was intended to accomplish three aims: (1) To develop a methodology for assessing the comparative costs and results of the principle health and demographic information systems used to provide indicators for major M&E initiatives in the country. (2) To provide government development partners and the scholarly community in Tanzania with a tool for efficient and rational decision-making by assessing and comparing options for carrying out long-term M&E programs in poverty reduction and health. (3) To stimulate further discussion on approaches for assessing th...
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