PurposeThe present study aims to inform the requirements for developing a sustainable rating tool... more PurposeThe present study aims to inform the requirements for developing a sustainable rating tool for small-scale infrastructure projects (SSIPs) through research findings.Design/methodology/approachA review-based comparative study of existing infrastructure sustainability (IS) rating tools for assessment of SSIPs is presented. Key stakeholder participants of the existing IS rating tools, are interviewed to identify existing barriers and requirements for sustainability rating. The study further presents possible rating tool options to optimise the sustainable performance evaluation of SSIPs.FindingsFindings of this study indicated that prevalent IS rating tools are majorly applied to large-scale infrastructure projects and sustainability of SSIPs are seldom assessed. Based on a literature review and series of interviews, it was found that user friendliness, efficient structure, training and technical support, cost effectiveness and stakeholder recognition are the five key requiremen...
Many unique ethnic enclaves have been established in Australia due to the country’s rich and dive... more Many unique ethnic enclaves have been established in Australia due to the country’s rich and diverse immigration history. Chinatown Melbourne is one of the oldest and most iconic examples that date back to the gold rush period in the 1850s. Previous studies have examined many aspects of the precinct, such as its architectural styles and demography shifts. However, there is a lack of research investigating the enclave’s urban characteristics and the consequent urban identity. This knowledge gap can lead to unfeasible heritage conservation decisions with a lack of emphasis on the precinct’s unique identity. Hence, this study aims to scrutinize the precinct’s past urban evolution and its present characteristics to better understand its heritage value and enhance future urban policies. Qualitative data are collected using archival and literature review, map analysis, and field observation. Overall, by elucidating Chinatown Melbourne’s urban characteristics and key urban movements, the s...
Melbourne’s Chinatown is the oldest in Australia. A large amount of research on this unique ethni... more Melbourne’s Chinatown is the oldest in Australia. A large amount of research on this unique ethnic enclave has been conducted to elucidate its formation history, heritage significance, cultural influence and architectural features. However, the discussion of the precinct’s spatial characteristics remains mostly marginalised. As a heritage precinct in the centre of an urban grid form, the precinct offers a unique spatial experience to its visitors. To better fathom the street layout of the area, three objectives are addressed in this study, including understanding: (1) the precinct’s street network in the grid system, (2) the visibility relationship within the precinct and (3) the relationship between buildings and streets. A joint methodology framework is established to fulfil the research objectives by incorporating space syntax methods and field observation. The findings facilitate policymakers and planners in understanding the precinct’s unique street layout and making relevant p...
The equation of motion describing the relativistic dynamics of a material point of constant mass ... more The equation of motion describing the relativistic dynamics of a material point of constant mass can be represented in a mathematically equivalent form by introducing a special velocity-dependent force which is not in accordance with the principle of action-reaction. The connection between this force and Newtonian gravitational force is evaluated in intrinsic and polar coordinates. It is shown that the
An invariant relation generalizing the Jacobi integral to the elliptic restricted three body prob... more An invariant relation generalizing the Jacobi integral to the elliptic restricted three body problem is derived on the basis of the classical perturbation theory and by making use of the energy and angular momentum integrals. But the relation contains a nonintegrable term becoming integrable only in a few special cases. In the case of perturbed triangular solutions the relation reduces to an approximate integral valid in the vicinity of L1 and L5. In case of a small mass ratio of primaries the relation is reducible to another approximate integral valid for planetary-type motions. In the limit of zero orbital eccentricity of the primaries the relation yields the Jacobi integral. The approximate integral for the perturbed triangular solutions is applied to the case of the Sun-Jupiter-Trojan Asteroid system and reduced to the ecliptic as a reference plane to make contact with observations, allowing the Jacobi constant J to be calculated to four decimals for any Trojan.
PurposeThe present study aims to inform the requirements for developing a sustainable rating tool... more PurposeThe present study aims to inform the requirements for developing a sustainable rating tool for small-scale infrastructure projects (SSIPs) through research findings.Design/methodology/approachA review-based comparative study of existing infrastructure sustainability (IS) rating tools for assessment of SSIPs is presented. Key stakeholder participants of the existing IS rating tools, are interviewed to identify existing barriers and requirements for sustainability rating. The study further presents possible rating tool options to optimise the sustainable performance evaluation of SSIPs.FindingsFindings of this study indicated that prevalent IS rating tools are majorly applied to large-scale infrastructure projects and sustainability of SSIPs are seldom assessed. Based on a literature review and series of interviews, it was found that user friendliness, efficient structure, training and technical support, cost effectiveness and stakeholder recognition are the five key requiremen...
Many unique ethnic enclaves have been established in Australia due to the country’s rich and dive... more Many unique ethnic enclaves have been established in Australia due to the country’s rich and diverse immigration history. Chinatown Melbourne is one of the oldest and most iconic examples that date back to the gold rush period in the 1850s. Previous studies have examined many aspects of the precinct, such as its architectural styles and demography shifts. However, there is a lack of research investigating the enclave’s urban characteristics and the consequent urban identity. This knowledge gap can lead to unfeasible heritage conservation decisions with a lack of emphasis on the precinct’s unique identity. Hence, this study aims to scrutinize the precinct’s past urban evolution and its present characteristics to better understand its heritage value and enhance future urban policies. Qualitative data are collected using archival and literature review, map analysis, and field observation. Overall, by elucidating Chinatown Melbourne’s urban characteristics and key urban movements, the s...
Melbourne’s Chinatown is the oldest in Australia. A large amount of research on this unique ethni... more Melbourne’s Chinatown is the oldest in Australia. A large amount of research on this unique ethnic enclave has been conducted to elucidate its formation history, heritage significance, cultural influence and architectural features. However, the discussion of the precinct’s spatial characteristics remains mostly marginalised. As a heritage precinct in the centre of an urban grid form, the precinct offers a unique spatial experience to its visitors. To better fathom the street layout of the area, three objectives are addressed in this study, including understanding: (1) the precinct’s street network in the grid system, (2) the visibility relationship within the precinct and (3) the relationship between buildings and streets. A joint methodology framework is established to fulfil the research objectives by incorporating space syntax methods and field observation. The findings facilitate policymakers and planners in understanding the precinct’s unique street layout and making relevant p...
The equation of motion describing the relativistic dynamics of a material point of constant mass ... more The equation of motion describing the relativistic dynamics of a material point of constant mass can be represented in a mathematically equivalent form by introducing a special velocity-dependent force which is not in accordance with the principle of action-reaction. The connection between this force and Newtonian gravitational force is evaluated in intrinsic and polar coordinates. It is shown that the
An invariant relation generalizing the Jacobi integral to the elliptic restricted three body prob... more An invariant relation generalizing the Jacobi integral to the elliptic restricted three body problem is derived on the basis of the classical perturbation theory and by making use of the energy and angular momentum integrals. But the relation contains a nonintegrable term becoming integrable only in a few special cases. In the case of perturbed triangular solutions the relation reduces to an approximate integral valid in the vicinity of L1 and L5. In case of a small mass ratio of primaries the relation is reducible to another approximate integral valid for planetary-type motions. In the limit of zero orbital eccentricity of the primaries the relation yields the Jacobi integral. The approximate integral for the perturbed triangular solutions is applied to the case of the Sun-Jupiter-Trojan Asteroid system and reduced to the ecliptic as a reference plane to make contact with observations, allowing the Jacobi constant J to be calculated to four decimals for any Trojan.
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