Objective: The object of our research was to determine whether intra-aortic balloon pump-assisted... more Objective: The object of our research was to determine whether intra-aortic balloon pump-assisted PCI improved overall clinical outcomes during hospitalization, as well as to predict in-hospital mortality and cardiogenic shock. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi. We enrolled 60 consecutive patients with a history of AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock. These patients underwent PCI with insertion of an IABP between 1st September 2019 and 28th February 2020. Patients with cardiogenic shock would have better survival if the IABP was inserted before PCI rather than after PCI was performed. The prospective study included 60 patients (33 patients received IABP before PCI, before and 27 after PCI) suffering from cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction who underwent PCI with IABP. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze all the data. Results: Based on the type of treatment, we divided individuals into ...
Objective: To determine the frequency of factors that cause potassium imbalance in patients with ... more Objective: To determine the frequency of factors that cause potassium imbalance in patients with postoperative arrhythmias after cardiac Bypass surgery Material and methods: During the time period of 2 November 2018 through 10 January 2020, 100 patients with heart disease receiving open-heart surgery were enrolled in a prospective observational research conducted by the cardiac surgery department at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology in Lahore. Both genders of age 17-70 years were included and patients with cyanotic heart disease congenital heart disease, previous cardiac surgery and urgent CABG were excluded. Results: Our results showed that of 100 patients, 59 (59%) were male and 41 (41%) were female and the mean age was14.243 ± 50.12 years. 6 patients had preexisting renal failure and 9 had postoperative renal failure. Overall potassium imbalance was noted in 39 patients, 33 were hypokalemic and 6 were hyperkalemic and the mean potassium with S.D was 3.95±0.83 and 37 had postoper...
Aim: To assess the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention among patients of compl... more Aim: To assess the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention among patients of complete atrioventricular block with acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction Methods: We conducted an observational study of patients with CAVB and STEMI who underwent Primary PCI at interventional cardiology department, national institute of cardiovascular diseases Karachi during the period from January 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and CAVB resolution. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 60.63±5.63 years, and 61% were male. The median door-to-balloon time was 89.96±17.97 minutes. In hospital mortality rate was 4%. CAVB was resolved in 93%. Conclusion: For patients with CAVB and STEMI, Primary PCI is a safe and successful treatment with a low rate of in-hospital mortality. These findings support the use of primary PCI in this patient population. Keyword: Primary PCI, CAVB, STEMI
Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the term collectively used for referring to clinical... more Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the term collectively used for referring to clinical manifestations of myocardium ischemia which include unstable angina, myocardial infarction with non-ST-segment elevation and myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation.1 Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is characterized by ST elevation presented on the ECG, that is the electrical presentation of the occlusion due to thrombosis in a coronary artery. After the fibrinolytic therapy in STEMI cases, the resolution of ST-segment is analyzed on ECG which serves as easy and cost-effective solution for the assessment of coronary reperfusion. In a study, it is found that 61.5% patients of STEMI showed ST-resolution after streptokinase. Aims and Objective: To determine the frequency of ST-segment resolution after streptokinase in acute STEMI patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from 08-07- 2016 to 07-01-2017.After taking approval from ethical committee ...
Bu çalışmanın amacı aşağıdaki soruya yanıt vermektir: " Classification of cryptocurrencies a... more Bu çalışmanın amacı aşağıdaki soruya yanıt vermektir: " Classification of cryptocurrencies and the perception of college students about its use". Araştırma üç bölüme ayrılmıştır: İlk bölüm bir giriş sağlar ve Kripto Para Birimlerinin Sınıflandırılmasın
Book of proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental" (parts I, II), Jul 1, 2018
Introduction: There is limited consensus on the optimal regime and benefit of fluid and oxygen th... more Introduction: There is limited consensus on the optimal regime and benefit of fluid and oxygen therapy when treating vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the current prevalence of intravenous fluid and oxygen therapy when treating VOEs in children with SCD in a large tertiary hospital in London, UK and analyse the clinical outcome of these patients, in order to design a future study to determine optimum use of fluid and oxygen therapy in children presenting with VOE. Methods: We studied a random selection of 100 vaso-occlusive events in paediatric sickle cell patients resulting in hospital admission between 2008-2019. All patients received assessment and initial treatment according to established hospital guidelines at the emergency department (ED) and were subsequently admitted to an inpatient ward. Baseline clinical and laboratory information, alongside data on the admission, duration, treatment and...
The Earth is continuously being bombarded with radiations from space. The primary space sources a... more The Earth is continuously being bombarded with radiations from space. The primary space sources are solar flares (very hot plasma of ionized gases ejected from Sun containing high energy sub-atomic particles) and cosmic rays (very high energy charged particles) originating from species within our galaxy. These radiations, while passing through matter, have the property to ionize atoms, i.e , to knock the tightly bound electrons off the atoms, thereby causing a variety of unwanted effects in microelectronics as well as in biological systems. Fortunately, only a small percentage of space radiations can reach terrestrial levels, thanks to Earth's magnetic shield. The electronics in space missions, satellites, and aircrafts however have to survive much more harsh radiation environments, which is a great concern for their reliability. With the aggressive device scaling, charge that defines a logic state in devices is rapidly decreasing. This has made even the terrestrial radiation en...
To evaluate ocular blood flow velocity indices in untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) an... more To evaluate ocular blood flow velocity indices in untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal pressure glaucoma (NPG). Twenty-five untreated patients with NPG, 23 untreated patients with POAG, and 26 age-matched normal control subjects underwent color Doppler imaging for the measurement of blood flow velocity in the central retinal and ophthalmic arteries. Neither the patients nor the control subjects were using systemic beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. After log transformation of non-normal data, group differences were compared with a one-way analysis of variance followed by unpaired t-test with the Bonferroni correction. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The central retinal artery end diastolic velocity was significantly lower in patients with POAG than in normal subjects. The ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) was significantly greater in patients with POAG than in those with NPG and normal subjects. The resistance index (RI) of bo...
The authors studied the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis pathway in patients with untreated g... more The authors studied the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis pathway in patients with untreated glaucoma (P = 0.00001 and P = 0.0003, respectively) and patients with normal pressure glaucoma ([NPG] P = 0.00001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Forty-two untreated patients with NPG, 25 untreated patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 32 age-matched normal controls were recruited. Patients taking anticoagulant therapy beta blockers or calcium channel blockers were excluded. Venous blood was assessed for markers of the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Patients with POAG had elevated levels of prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and D-dimer compared with both the NPG and controls (P = 0.00001 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Both glaucoma groups had more (P &lt; 0.05) systemic vascular disease than the control group. The patients with POAG had higher (P &lt; 0.05) systemic blood pressure (systolic and pulse pressure) than the control and NPG groups. Both glaucoma groups had greater levels of fibrinogen (which was of borderline statistical significance) than the control group. Elevated levels of prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and D-dimer indicate activation of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis pathway, respectively, leading to a hypercoagulable state in untreated POAG. These findings may contribute to the reported increased prevalence of retinal venous thrombosis in glaucoma and also to the pathogenesis of optic nerve damage in glaucoma.
2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2012
ABSTRACT A smooth sliding mode control (SSMC) is applied to tackle the problem of PEM fuel cell s... more ABSTRACT A smooth sliding mode control (SSMC) is applied to tackle the problem of PEM fuel cell system output voltage stabilization problems along with controlling oxygen excess ratio. The oxygen excess ratio is controlled in the inner control loop using PID while the regulation of output voltage is being treated in the outer loop through smooth sliding mode control. The control is applied on the validated nonlinear model of the PEM fuel cell system. The simulation results show that the scheme with SSM control provides same performance as compared to higher order sliding mode control (Super twisting Algorithm) in output voltage stabilization and also in minimizing the fuel consumption.
Using the laser Doppler technique we measured finger blood flow velocity in 25 untreated primary ... more Using the laser Doppler technique we measured finger blood flow velocity in 25 untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 22 untreated low-tension glaucoma (LTG) and 19 age-matched normal subjects. Four blood flow measurements were recorded: baseline flow, after immersion in warm water for 2 min (40°C maximum flow), after 10 s exposure to cold water (4°C minimum flow) and time to recover to baseline flow after cold immersion. Significant differences between the LTG group and both the normal and POAG groups were found in a greater maximum flow (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), a lower minimum flow (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively) and a longer recovery time to baseline flow (p = 0.0001 for both the normal and POAG groups). A longer recovery time to baseline flow (p = 0.008) in POAG was the only difference between the normal and POAG groups. Both glaucoma groups had more systemic vascular disease than normal, and there were more smokers in the POAG group than normals. Subg...
Objective: The object of our research was to determine whether intra-aortic balloon pump-assisted... more Objective: The object of our research was to determine whether intra-aortic balloon pump-assisted PCI improved overall clinical outcomes during hospitalization, as well as to predict in-hospital mortality and cardiogenic shock. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi. We enrolled 60 consecutive patients with a history of AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock. These patients underwent PCI with insertion of an IABP between 1st September 2019 and 28th February 2020. Patients with cardiogenic shock would have better survival if the IABP was inserted before PCI rather than after PCI was performed. The prospective study included 60 patients (33 patients received IABP before PCI, before and 27 after PCI) suffering from cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction who underwent PCI with IABP. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze all the data. Results: Based on the type of treatment, we divided individuals into ...
Objective: To determine the frequency of factors that cause potassium imbalance in patients with ... more Objective: To determine the frequency of factors that cause potassium imbalance in patients with postoperative arrhythmias after cardiac Bypass surgery Material and methods: During the time period of 2 November 2018 through 10 January 2020, 100 patients with heart disease receiving open-heart surgery were enrolled in a prospective observational research conducted by the cardiac surgery department at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology in Lahore. Both genders of age 17-70 years were included and patients with cyanotic heart disease congenital heart disease, previous cardiac surgery and urgent CABG were excluded. Results: Our results showed that of 100 patients, 59 (59%) were male and 41 (41%) were female and the mean age was14.243 ± 50.12 years. 6 patients had preexisting renal failure and 9 had postoperative renal failure. Overall potassium imbalance was noted in 39 patients, 33 were hypokalemic and 6 were hyperkalemic and the mean potassium with S.D was 3.95±0.83 and 37 had postoper...
Aim: To assess the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention among patients of compl... more Aim: To assess the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention among patients of complete atrioventricular block with acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction Methods: We conducted an observational study of patients with CAVB and STEMI who underwent Primary PCI at interventional cardiology department, national institute of cardiovascular diseases Karachi during the period from January 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and CAVB resolution. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 60.63±5.63 years, and 61% were male. The median door-to-balloon time was 89.96±17.97 minutes. In hospital mortality rate was 4%. CAVB was resolved in 93%. Conclusion: For patients with CAVB and STEMI, Primary PCI is a safe and successful treatment with a low rate of in-hospital mortality. These findings support the use of primary PCI in this patient population. Keyword: Primary PCI, CAVB, STEMI
Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the term collectively used for referring to clinical... more Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the term collectively used for referring to clinical manifestations of myocardium ischemia which include unstable angina, myocardial infarction with non-ST-segment elevation and myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation.1 Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is characterized by ST elevation presented on the ECG, that is the electrical presentation of the occlusion due to thrombosis in a coronary artery. After the fibrinolytic therapy in STEMI cases, the resolution of ST-segment is analyzed on ECG which serves as easy and cost-effective solution for the assessment of coronary reperfusion. In a study, it is found that 61.5% patients of STEMI showed ST-resolution after streptokinase. Aims and Objective: To determine the frequency of ST-segment resolution after streptokinase in acute STEMI patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from 08-07- 2016 to 07-01-2017.After taking approval from ethical committee ...
Bu çalışmanın amacı aşağıdaki soruya yanıt vermektir: " Classification of cryptocurrencies a... more Bu çalışmanın amacı aşağıdaki soruya yanıt vermektir: " Classification of cryptocurrencies and the perception of college students about its use". Araştırma üç bölüme ayrılmıştır: İlk bölüm bir giriş sağlar ve Kripto Para Birimlerinin Sınıflandırılmasın
Book of proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental" (parts I, II), Jul 1, 2018
Introduction: There is limited consensus on the optimal regime and benefit of fluid and oxygen th... more Introduction: There is limited consensus on the optimal regime and benefit of fluid and oxygen therapy when treating vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the current prevalence of intravenous fluid and oxygen therapy when treating VOEs in children with SCD in a large tertiary hospital in London, UK and analyse the clinical outcome of these patients, in order to design a future study to determine optimum use of fluid and oxygen therapy in children presenting with VOE. Methods: We studied a random selection of 100 vaso-occlusive events in paediatric sickle cell patients resulting in hospital admission between 2008-2019. All patients received assessment and initial treatment according to established hospital guidelines at the emergency department (ED) and were subsequently admitted to an inpatient ward. Baseline clinical and laboratory information, alongside data on the admission, duration, treatment and...
The Earth is continuously being bombarded with radiations from space. The primary space sources a... more The Earth is continuously being bombarded with radiations from space. The primary space sources are solar flares (very hot plasma of ionized gases ejected from Sun containing high energy sub-atomic particles) and cosmic rays (very high energy charged particles) originating from species within our galaxy. These radiations, while passing through matter, have the property to ionize atoms, i.e , to knock the tightly bound electrons off the atoms, thereby causing a variety of unwanted effects in microelectronics as well as in biological systems. Fortunately, only a small percentage of space radiations can reach terrestrial levels, thanks to Earth's magnetic shield. The electronics in space missions, satellites, and aircrafts however have to survive much more harsh radiation environments, which is a great concern for their reliability. With the aggressive device scaling, charge that defines a logic state in devices is rapidly decreasing. This has made even the terrestrial radiation en...
To evaluate ocular blood flow velocity indices in untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) an... more To evaluate ocular blood flow velocity indices in untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal pressure glaucoma (NPG). Twenty-five untreated patients with NPG, 23 untreated patients with POAG, and 26 age-matched normal control subjects underwent color Doppler imaging for the measurement of blood flow velocity in the central retinal and ophthalmic arteries. Neither the patients nor the control subjects were using systemic beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers. After log transformation of non-normal data, group differences were compared with a one-way analysis of variance followed by unpaired t-test with the Bonferroni correction. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The central retinal artery end diastolic velocity was significantly lower in patients with POAG than in normal subjects. The ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) was significantly greater in patients with POAG than in those with NPG and normal subjects. The resistance index (RI) of bo...
The authors studied the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis pathway in patients with untreated g... more The authors studied the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis pathway in patients with untreated glaucoma (P = 0.00001 and P = 0.0003, respectively) and patients with normal pressure glaucoma ([NPG] P = 0.00001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Forty-two untreated patients with NPG, 25 untreated patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 32 age-matched normal controls were recruited. Patients taking anticoagulant therapy beta blockers or calcium channel blockers were excluded. Venous blood was assessed for markers of the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Patients with POAG had elevated levels of prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and D-dimer compared with both the NPG and controls (P = 0.00001 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Both glaucoma groups had more (P &lt; 0.05) systemic vascular disease than the control group. The patients with POAG had higher (P &lt; 0.05) systemic blood pressure (systolic and pulse pressure) than the control and NPG groups. Both glaucoma groups had greater levels of fibrinogen (which was of borderline statistical significance) than the control group. Elevated levels of prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 and D-dimer indicate activation of the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis pathway, respectively, leading to a hypercoagulable state in untreated POAG. These findings may contribute to the reported increased prevalence of retinal venous thrombosis in glaucoma and also to the pathogenesis of optic nerve damage in glaucoma.
2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2012
ABSTRACT A smooth sliding mode control (SSMC) is applied to tackle the problem of PEM fuel cell s... more ABSTRACT A smooth sliding mode control (SSMC) is applied to tackle the problem of PEM fuel cell system output voltage stabilization problems along with controlling oxygen excess ratio. The oxygen excess ratio is controlled in the inner control loop using PID while the regulation of output voltage is being treated in the outer loop through smooth sliding mode control. The control is applied on the validated nonlinear model of the PEM fuel cell system. The simulation results show that the scheme with SSM control provides same performance as compared to higher order sliding mode control (Super twisting Algorithm) in output voltage stabilization and also in minimizing the fuel consumption.
Using the laser Doppler technique we measured finger blood flow velocity in 25 untreated primary ... more Using the laser Doppler technique we measured finger blood flow velocity in 25 untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 22 untreated low-tension glaucoma (LTG) and 19 age-matched normal subjects. Four blood flow measurements were recorded: baseline flow, after immersion in warm water for 2 min (40°C maximum flow), after 10 s exposure to cold water (4°C minimum flow) and time to recover to baseline flow after cold immersion. Significant differences between the LTG group and both the normal and POAG groups were found in a greater maximum flow (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), a lower minimum flow (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively) and a longer recovery time to baseline flow (p = 0.0001 for both the normal and POAG groups). A longer recovery time to baseline flow (p = 0.008) in POAG was the only difference between the normal and POAG groups. Both glaucoma groups had more systemic vascular disease than normal, and there were more smokers in the POAG group than normals. Subg...
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