Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of the MWCNT characteristics see Taylor-Just for details. Fi... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of the MWCNT characteristics see Taylor-Just for details. Figure S1. FPLM detection of chemically purified MWCNT in absence or presence of fibroblasts. Femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy imaging of chemically purified MWCNT (red) deposited after 24 h in the absence (w/o, left) and presence (right) of MLg fibroblasts (green). Scale bars: 50 μm. Figure S2. FPLM detection of thermally purified MWCNT in absence or presence of fibroblasts. Femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy imaging of thermally purified MWCNT (red) deposited after 24 h in the absence (w/o, left) and presence (right) of MLg fibroblasts (green). Scale bars: 50 μm. Figure S3. FPLM detection of chemically purified MWCNT in absence or presence of macrophages. Femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy imaging of chemically purified MWCNT (red) deposited after 24 h in the absence (w/o, left) and presence (right) of THP-1 macrophages (green). Scale bars: 50 μm. Figure S4. FPLM detection of therma...
BackgroundWith increasing clinical use of NK-92 cells and their CAR-modified derivatives in cance... more BackgroundWith increasing clinical use of NK-92 cells and their CAR-modified derivatives in cancer immunotherapy, there is a growing demand for efficient production processes of these “off-the-shelf” therapeutics. In order to ensure safety and prevent the occurrence of secondary tumors, (CAR-)NK-92 cell proliferation has to be inactivated before transfusion. This is commonly achieved by gamma irradiation. Recently, we showed proof of concept that low energy electron irradiation (LEEI) is a new method for NK-92 inactivation. LEEI has several advantages over gamma irradiation, including a faster reaction time, a more reproducible dose rate and much less requirements on radiation shielding. Here, LEEI was further evaluated as a promising alternative to gamma irradiation yielding cells with highly maintained cytotoxic effector function.MethodsEffectiveness and efficiency of LEEI and gamma irradiation were analyzed using NK-92 and CD123-directed CAR-NK-92 cells. LEE-irradiated cells were...
P90 agglomerates increased ciliary beat frequency and released mucus impaired particle transport ... more P90 agglomerates increased ciliary beat frequency and released mucus impaired particle transport speed. (PDF 573 kb)
CBNP did not increase enzyme nor total protein levels in BAL and did not induce oxidative DNA-dam... more CBNP did not increase enzyme nor total protein levels in BAL and did not induce oxidative DNA-damage in BAL cells after nose-only inhalation. (PDF 80 kb)
CBNP aerosol concentration and results of Marple impactor measurements used by nose-only inhalati... more CBNP aerosol concentration and results of Marple impactor measurements used by nose-only inhalation experiments. (PDF 56 kb)
Additional file 1. Raman spectra of MWCNTs samples showing the G (~ 1570 cm− 1) and D (~ 1346 cm−... more Additional file 1. Raman spectra of MWCNTs samples showing the G (~ 1570 cm− 1) and D (~ 1346 cm− 1) mode.
Graphene nanoplatelets (GFNs) represent a group of carbon-based engineered nanomaterials with spe... more Graphene nanoplatelets (GFNs) represent a group of carbon-based engineered nanomaterials with special properties, which enable innovation in technology and medicine. Within the general framework of safety assessment of nanomaterials during their lifecycle, the main objective of the PLATOX project (funded by EU FP7-SIINN ERA-NET Programme) is to apply a tiered approach to assess the toxicity of GFNs and finally identify the derived no-effect level (DNEL) parameter for inhalation exposure. A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of six commercially available GFNs (single- and multilayer graphene/graphene oxide, carboxyl graphene, and graphite oxide) was followed by an in vitro toxicity screening using different endpoints and lung-relevant cell models (primary rat alveolar macrophages, murine macrophages and primary human lung fibroblasts). In vitro testing comprised evaluation of the cytotoxic (membrane damage, metabolic activity and cell proliferation), genotoxic (oxidative ...
PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text ... more PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. Prostaglandin D2-supplemented "functional eicosanoid testing and typing " assay with peripheral blood leukocytes as a new tool in the diagnosis of systemic mast cell activation disease: an explorative diagnostic study
Modulated electromagnetic fields (wEMFs), as generated by modern communication technologies, have... more Modulated electromagnetic fields (wEMFs), as generated by modern communication technologies, have raised concerns about adverse health effects. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies them as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B), yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms initiating and promoting tumorigenesis remain elusive. Here, we comprehensively assess the impact of technologically relevant wEMF modulations on the genome integrity of cultured human cells, investigating cell type-specificities as well as time- and dose-dependencies. Classical and advanced methodologies of genetic toxicology and DNA repair were applied, and key experiments were performed in two separate laboratories. Overall, we found no conclusive evidence for an induction of DNA damage nor for alterations of the DNA repair capacity in cells exposed to several wEMF modulations (i.e., GSM, UMTS, WiFi, and RFID). Previously reported observations of increased DNA damage after exposur...
Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP) are mainly composed of carbon, with a small amount of other ele... more Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP) are mainly composed of carbon, with a small amount of other elements (including hydrogen and oxygen). The toxicity of CBNP has been attributed to their large surface area, and through adsorbing intrinsically toxic substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It is not clear whether a PAH surface coating changes the toxicological properties of CBNP by influencing their physicochemical properties, through the specific toxicity of the surface-bound PAH, or by a combination of both. Printex(®)90 (P90) was used as CBNP; the comparators were P90 coated with either benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or 9-nitroanthracene (9NA), and soot from acetylene combustion that bears various PAHs on the surface (AS-PAH). Oxidative stress and IL-8/KC mRNA expression were determined in A549 and bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-, Calu-3), mouse intrapulmonary airways and tracheal epithelial cells. Overall toxicity was tested in a rat inhalation study according to Or...
Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of the MWCNT characteristics see Taylor-Just for details. Fi... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of the MWCNT characteristics see Taylor-Just for details. Figure S1. FPLM detection of chemically purified MWCNT in absence or presence of fibroblasts. Femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy imaging of chemically purified MWCNT (red) deposited after 24 h in the absence (w/o, left) and presence (right) of MLg fibroblasts (green). Scale bars: 50 μm. Figure S2. FPLM detection of thermally purified MWCNT in absence or presence of fibroblasts. Femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy imaging of thermally purified MWCNT (red) deposited after 24 h in the absence (w/o, left) and presence (right) of MLg fibroblasts (green). Scale bars: 50 μm. Figure S3. FPLM detection of chemically purified MWCNT in absence or presence of macrophages. Femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy imaging of chemically purified MWCNT (red) deposited after 24 h in the absence (w/o, left) and presence (right) of THP-1 macrophages (green). Scale bars: 50 μm. Figure S4. FPLM detection of therma...
BackgroundWith increasing clinical use of NK-92 cells and their CAR-modified derivatives in cance... more BackgroundWith increasing clinical use of NK-92 cells and their CAR-modified derivatives in cancer immunotherapy, there is a growing demand for efficient production processes of these “off-the-shelf” therapeutics. In order to ensure safety and prevent the occurrence of secondary tumors, (CAR-)NK-92 cell proliferation has to be inactivated before transfusion. This is commonly achieved by gamma irradiation. Recently, we showed proof of concept that low energy electron irradiation (LEEI) is a new method for NK-92 inactivation. LEEI has several advantages over gamma irradiation, including a faster reaction time, a more reproducible dose rate and much less requirements on radiation shielding. Here, LEEI was further evaluated as a promising alternative to gamma irradiation yielding cells with highly maintained cytotoxic effector function.MethodsEffectiveness and efficiency of LEEI and gamma irradiation were analyzed using NK-92 and CD123-directed CAR-NK-92 cells. LEE-irradiated cells were...
P90 agglomerates increased ciliary beat frequency and released mucus impaired particle transport ... more P90 agglomerates increased ciliary beat frequency and released mucus impaired particle transport speed. (PDF 573 kb)
CBNP did not increase enzyme nor total protein levels in BAL and did not induce oxidative DNA-dam... more CBNP did not increase enzyme nor total protein levels in BAL and did not induce oxidative DNA-damage in BAL cells after nose-only inhalation. (PDF 80 kb)
CBNP aerosol concentration and results of Marple impactor measurements used by nose-only inhalati... more CBNP aerosol concentration and results of Marple impactor measurements used by nose-only inhalation experiments. (PDF 56 kb)
Additional file 1. Raman spectra of MWCNTs samples showing the G (~ 1570 cm− 1) and D (~ 1346 cm−... more Additional file 1. Raman spectra of MWCNTs samples showing the G (~ 1570 cm− 1) and D (~ 1346 cm− 1) mode.
Graphene nanoplatelets (GFNs) represent a group of carbon-based engineered nanomaterials with spe... more Graphene nanoplatelets (GFNs) represent a group of carbon-based engineered nanomaterials with special properties, which enable innovation in technology and medicine. Within the general framework of safety assessment of nanomaterials during their lifecycle, the main objective of the PLATOX project (funded by EU FP7-SIINN ERA-NET Programme) is to apply a tiered approach to assess the toxicity of GFNs and finally identify the derived no-effect level (DNEL) parameter for inhalation exposure. A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of six commercially available GFNs (single- and multilayer graphene/graphene oxide, carboxyl graphene, and graphite oxide) was followed by an in vitro toxicity screening using different endpoints and lung-relevant cell models (primary rat alveolar macrophages, murine macrophages and primary human lung fibroblasts). In vitro testing comprised evaluation of the cytotoxic (membrane damage, metabolic activity and cell proliferation), genotoxic (oxidative ...
PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text ... more PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. Prostaglandin D2-supplemented "functional eicosanoid testing and typing " assay with peripheral blood leukocytes as a new tool in the diagnosis of systemic mast cell activation disease: an explorative diagnostic study
Modulated electromagnetic fields (wEMFs), as generated by modern communication technologies, have... more Modulated electromagnetic fields (wEMFs), as generated by modern communication technologies, have raised concerns about adverse health effects. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies them as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (Group 2B), yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms initiating and promoting tumorigenesis remain elusive. Here, we comprehensively assess the impact of technologically relevant wEMF modulations on the genome integrity of cultured human cells, investigating cell type-specificities as well as time- and dose-dependencies. Classical and advanced methodologies of genetic toxicology and DNA repair were applied, and key experiments were performed in two separate laboratories. Overall, we found no conclusive evidence for an induction of DNA damage nor for alterations of the DNA repair capacity in cells exposed to several wEMF modulations (i.e., GSM, UMTS, WiFi, and RFID). Previously reported observations of increased DNA damage after exposur...
Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP) are mainly composed of carbon, with a small amount of other ele... more Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP) are mainly composed of carbon, with a small amount of other elements (including hydrogen and oxygen). The toxicity of CBNP has been attributed to their large surface area, and through adsorbing intrinsically toxic substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It is not clear whether a PAH surface coating changes the toxicological properties of CBNP by influencing their physicochemical properties, through the specific toxicity of the surface-bound PAH, or by a combination of both. Printex(®)90 (P90) was used as CBNP; the comparators were P90 coated with either benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or 9-nitroanthracene (9NA), and soot from acetylene combustion that bears various PAHs on the surface (AS-PAH). Oxidative stress and IL-8/KC mRNA expression were determined in A549 and bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-, Calu-3), mouse intrapulmonary airways and tracheal epithelial cells. Overall toxicity was tested in a rat inhalation study according to Or...
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