Hydroxyl defect concentrations of quartz phenocryst fragments from various rhyolitic pyroclastic ... more Hydroxyl defect concentrations of quartz phenocryst fragments from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current deposits from the Bukk Foreland Volcanic Area, Hungary, were determined by using micro-FTIR spectrometry. In addition trace-element analysis and SEM cathodoluminescence imaging were performed on the same crystals. Hydroxyl defect-content (expressed in water equivalent) of volcanic quartz ranges from 0.9±0.1 to 2.8±0.4 wt. ppm, which is lower than those in quartz of plutonic (granitic), metamorphic and hydrothermal origin. The incorporation of hydroxyl defect is mainly due to H+ + Al3+ substitutions into Si-tetrahedral vacancies of quartz. Furthermore, the presence of molecular water probably in (nano-)inclusions was proven. The post-eruptive diffusive loss of hydroxyl defects during cooling seems to be the main factor causing the very low concentration of hydroxyl defects. This may be also manifested in the almost homogeneous distribution of hydroxyl defects regardless of the considerable zonation in Al-content, although complete diffusive loss of hydroxyl defects was possibly hindered by the cooling effect of phreatomagmatism (interaction of excess water with magma during eruption) and deposition in a shallow submarine environment. Moreover, a reasonable linear correlation is observed between the integrated area of Si–O bands (between 2110 and 1440 cm−1) and sample thickness up to ~300 μm by studying unoriented quartz phenocryst fragments. This may enable the quantitative analysis of hydroxyl defects in separated quartz crystals without the need for preparing oriented thin sections.
The Zloty Stok Au-As deposit (SW Poland) hosts two distinct nephrite varieties: ‘type 1’ – a gray... more The Zloty Stok Au-As deposit (SW Poland) hosts two distinct nephrite varieties: ‘type 1’ – a grayish green or pale green, translucent, with waxy to greasy luster nephrite composed of actinolite and abundant lollingite; ‘type 2’ – a deep or intense green, less-translucent, with sub-vitreous to dull luster nephrite composed of tremolite and actinolite, with rare lollingite and arsenopyrite. ‘Nephrite type 1’ shows evidence for more intense metasomatism and recrystallization than ‘type 2’, e.g. , more abundant arsenide, sulfosalt, and tungstate minerals, and higher Fe, As, and Co concentrations. The tremolite and actinolite in both types formed at the expense of dolomite—either directly from dolomite or through diopside formation. Calcite is a byproduct of the amphiboles' formation directly from dolomite. Amphiboles have Cr2O3 and NiO concentrations of 0.00–0.04 wt.% and 0.00 wt.%, respectively, typical of dolomite-related nephrites. Diopside composition (up to 51 Wo, 0.00–0.05 wt.% Cr2O3 and 0.00–0.09 wt.% NiO) is similar to other dolomite-related nephrite compositions. Bulk-rock Cr and Ni (<30 ppm and <40 ppm, respectively) and Co, which is less affected by ore mineralization (<10 ppm), are similar to the values in dolomite-related nephrite. Yellow cathodoluminescent diopside is similar to that in other metasomatized dolomitic marbles. Nephrite has δ18O values ranging from +8.3 to +10.4‰ (precision = ±0.1‰), higher than in other typical dolomite-related nephrite. δD values range from –77 to –75‰, similar to the dolomite-related type. Based on these observations, we interpret the Zloty Stok nephrite deposit to have formed as a metasomatic replacement of dolomitic marble. This is the third documented case of a dolomite-related origin (para-nephrite) for nephrite in Europe. Furthermore, the dolomite-related nephrite adds the Lower Silesian Sudetes and its Foreland to rare areas like Wyoming, southern Siberia, China, Korea, and the Alps, where both dolomite-related and serpentinite-related nephrites occur. The Zloty Stok nephrite formed via at least two crystallization events. In the first event, quartz veins and nephrite formed, and the paragenesis included quartz, tremolite, Fe-poor actinolite, Fe-poor diopside and, probably, arsenopyrite. In the second event, Si-depleted actinolite, Fe-enriched diopside, and lollingite formed, and the earlier arsenopyrite was replaced by calcite. The crystallization path reflects progressive metamorphism ( i.e. , temperature rise) or change in the saturation conditions, e.g. , silica and sulfur activity in the fluid. The nephrite formation can be linked with the emplacement and cooling of the neighboring Variscan Klodzko-Zloty Stok granite at ca. 340–298 Ma.
The authors carried out the archaeometric analyses of 9 basalt preforms found at the Kadarta site... more The authors carried out the archaeometric analyses of 9 basalt preforms found at the Kadarta site in Veszprem county. Most of the analyses used non-destructive methods (macroscopic petrography, PGAA, MS and electron-microprobe (EDXEPMA) method developed within the frames of these investigations) and the traditional destructive petrographic and mineral chemical analyses were carried out on a small flake. All the analyses demonstrated that the nine basalt artefacts were prepared from the same raw material. According to the material collected so far from the basalt volcanoes of the Pannonian Basin, this raw material came from the volcanic territory of the Little Hungarian Plain and the Balaton Highlands. Within these territories the most probable provenance of the raw material is the lava rocks in the region of Boncsos-tető, although Hegyestű, Somlo and Halap cannot definitely be excluded.
Hadak útján XXIV. : A népvándorláskor fiatal kutatóinak XXIV. konferenciája. Esztergom, 2014. november 4–6.
A tanulmány egy 2–3. századi szarmata temetőrészletben feltárt sírral foglalkozik. A sír körárkos... more A tanulmány egy 2–3. századi szarmata temetőrészletben feltárt sírral foglalkozik. A sír körárkos, halmos, férfitemetkezés, mely rablottsága ellenére újabb adatokkal szolgál a fa sírkamrák szerkezetére vonatkozóan. A sír jellegzetes leletei: egy gyűrűs markolatú kard töredéke és a lábbeli szíjazatának berakásokkal díszített ezüstveretei. A berakások anyagát természettudományos vizsgálatok során variszcitként azonosítottuk.
The Zloty Stok Au-As deposit (SW Poland) hosts two distinct nephrite varieties: ‘type 1’ – a gray... more The Zloty Stok Au-As deposit (SW Poland) hosts two distinct nephrite varieties: ‘type 1’ – a grayish green or pale green, translucent, with waxy to greasy luster nephrite composed of actinolite and abundant lollingite; ‘type 2’ – a deep or intense green, less-translucent, with sub-vitreous to dull luster nephrite composed of tremolite and actinolite, with rare lollingite and arsenopyrite. ‘Nephrite type 1’ shows evidence for more intense metasomatism and recrystallization than ‘type 2’, e.g. , more abundant arsenide, sulfosalt, and tungstate minerals, and higher Fe, As, and Co concentrations. The tremolite and actinolite in both types formed at the expense of dolomite—either directly from dolomite or through diopside formation. Calcite is a byproduct of the amphiboles' formation directly from dolomite. Amphiboles have Cr2O3 and NiO concentrations of 0.00–0.04 wt.% and 0.00 wt.%, respectively, typical of dolomite-related nephrites. Diopside composition (up to 51 Wo, 0.00–0.05 wt.% Cr2O3 and 0.00–0.09 wt.% NiO) is similar to other dolomite-related nephrite compositions. Bulk-rock Cr and Ni (<30 ppm and <40 ppm, respectively) and Co, which is less affected by ore mineralization (<10 ppm), are similar to the values in dolomite-related nephrite. Yellow cathodoluminescent diopside is similar to that in other metasomatized dolomitic marbles. Nephrite has δ18O values ranging from +8.3 to +10.4‰ (precision = ±0.1‰), higher than in other typical dolomite-related nephrite. δD values range from –77 to –75‰, similar to the dolomite-related type. Based on these observations, we interpret the Zloty Stok nephrite deposit to have formed as a metasomatic replacement of dolomitic marble. This is the third documented case of a dolomite-related origin (para-nephrite) for nephrite in Europe. Furthermore, the dolomite-related nephrite adds the Lower Silesian Sudetes and its Foreland to rare areas like Wyoming, southern Siberia, China, Korea, and the Alps, where both dolomite-related and serpentinite-related nephrites occur. The Zloty Stok nephrite formed via at least two crystallization events. In the first event, quartz veins and nephrite formed, and the paragenesis included quartz, tremolite, Fe-poor actinolite, Fe-poor diopside and, probably, arsenopyrite. In the second event, Si-depleted actinolite, Fe-enriched diopside, and lollingite formed, and the earlier arsenopyrite was replaced by calcite. The crystallization path reflects progressive metamorphism ( i.e. , temperature rise) or change in the saturation conditions, e.g. , silica and sulfur activity in the fluid. The nephrite formation can be linked with the emplacement and cooling of the neighboring Variscan Klodzko-Zloty Stok granite at ca. 340–298 Ma.
First archaeometric results of polished stone tools made from high pressure metaophiolites occurr... more First archaeometric results of polished stone tools made from high pressure metaophiolites occurring in territory of Hungary are presented here. Three complete, very well polished stone tools were found from this extra-long distance (ELD) raw material. Two of them originate from the Ebenhöch collection of the Hungarian National Museum, the third originates from the Miháldy collection of the Laczkó Dezső Museum, Veszprém. The stone tools are small or middle size, the shape of two of them are very characteristic elongated triangle, the third is flat chisel. The analyses on these extremely rare and valuable pieces were performed exclusively by non-destructive methods, namely macroscopic petrography, magnetic susceptibility measurements, XRD in parallel beam geometry (with Göbel mirror), a special non-destructive SEM-EDX technique (developed in the ELTE FFI), and PGAA. Our results show that the studied stone tools are fit to the types of HP stone tools of metaophiolitic origin occurring...
... As the laser light penetrates through the garnet matrix and it can be focussed on even the ti... more ... As the laser light penetrates through the garnet matrix and it can be focussed on even the tiny mineral inclusions, the confocal Raman microscope proves to be the most appropriate for the identification (Calligaro et al. 2002; Smith 2005; Bersani et al. 2009). Fig. ...
Structural hydroxyl contents of quartz grains from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current ... more Structural hydroxyl contents of quartz grains from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits from the Bukk Foreland Volcanic Area, Hungary, were determined by using micro-FTIR spectrometry. Additional trace element analysis and SEM cathodoluminescence imaging were also performed. Structural hydroxyl content (expressed in water equivalent) of volcanic quartz ranges from ~2,0 to ~4,1 ppm, which is lower than those in quartz of igneous, metamorphic and hydrothermal origin. The incorporation of structural hydroxyl is mainly due to coupled H+ + Al3+ substitutions into Si-tetrahedral vacancies of quartz. In addition, the presence of molecular water is also obvious in (nano-)inclusions. The water fugacity (ƒH2O) just prior to the eruption seems to be the main factor controlling the concentration of structural hydroxyl as manifested in its almost homogeneous distribution regardless to the zonation of Al- or Ti-content. Quartz grains from the studied volcanic units are cha...
Structural hydroxyl contents of quartz grains from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current ... more Structural hydroxyl contents of quartz grains from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits from the Bukk Foreland Volcanic Area, Hungary, were determined by using micro-FTIR spectrometry. Additional trace element analysis and SEM cathodoluminescence imaging were also performed. Structural hydroxyl content (expressed in water equivalent) of volcanic quartz ranges from ~2,0 to ~4,1 ppm, which is lower than those in quartz of plutonic (granitic), metamorphic and hydrothermal origin. The incorporation of structural hydroxyl is mainly due to coupled H+ + Al3+ substitutions into Si-tetrahedral vacancies of quartz. In addition, the presence of molecular water is also obvious in (nano-)inclusions. The post-eruptive out diffusion of H+ during cooling seems to be the main factor causing the very low concentration of structural hydroxyl. This may be also manifested in the almost homogeneous distribution of structural hydroxyl regardless the considerable zonation in Al- and...
Hydroxyl defect concentrations of quartz phenocryst fragments from various rhyolitic pyroclastic ... more Hydroxyl defect concentrations of quartz phenocryst fragments from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current deposits from the Bukk Foreland Volcanic Area, Hungary, were determined by using micro-FTIR spectrometry. In addition trace-element analysis and SEM cathodoluminescence imaging were performed on the same crystals. Hydroxyl defect-content (expressed in water equivalent) of volcanic quartz ranges from 0.9±0.1 to 2.8±0.4 wt. ppm, which is lower than those in quartz of plutonic (granitic), metamorphic and hydrothermal origin. The incorporation of hydroxyl defect is mainly due to H+ + Al3+ substitutions into Si-tetrahedral vacancies of quartz. Furthermore, the presence of molecular water probably in (nano-)inclusions was proven. The post-eruptive diffusive loss of hydroxyl defects during cooling seems to be the main factor causing the very low concentration of hydroxyl defects. This may be also manifested in the almost homogeneous distribution of hydroxyl defects regardless of the considerable zonation in Al-content, although complete diffusive loss of hydroxyl defects was possibly hindered by the cooling effect of phreatomagmatism (interaction of excess water with magma during eruption) and deposition in a shallow submarine environment. Moreover, a reasonable linear correlation is observed between the integrated area of Si–O bands (between 2110 and 1440 cm−1) and sample thickness up to ~300 μm by studying unoriented quartz phenocryst fragments. This may enable the quantitative analysis of hydroxyl defects in separated quartz crystals without the need for preparing oriented thin sections.
The Zloty Stok Au-As deposit (SW Poland) hosts two distinct nephrite varieties: ‘type 1’ – a gray... more The Zloty Stok Au-As deposit (SW Poland) hosts two distinct nephrite varieties: ‘type 1’ – a grayish green or pale green, translucent, with waxy to greasy luster nephrite composed of actinolite and abundant lollingite; ‘type 2’ – a deep or intense green, less-translucent, with sub-vitreous to dull luster nephrite composed of tremolite and actinolite, with rare lollingite and arsenopyrite. ‘Nephrite type 1’ shows evidence for more intense metasomatism and recrystallization than ‘type 2’, e.g. , more abundant arsenide, sulfosalt, and tungstate minerals, and higher Fe, As, and Co concentrations. The tremolite and actinolite in both types formed at the expense of dolomite—either directly from dolomite or through diopside formation. Calcite is a byproduct of the amphiboles' formation directly from dolomite. Amphiboles have Cr2O3 and NiO concentrations of 0.00–0.04 wt.% and 0.00 wt.%, respectively, typical of dolomite-related nephrites. Diopside composition (up to 51 Wo, 0.00–0.05 wt.% Cr2O3 and 0.00–0.09 wt.% NiO) is similar to other dolomite-related nephrite compositions. Bulk-rock Cr and Ni (<30 ppm and <40 ppm, respectively) and Co, which is less affected by ore mineralization (<10 ppm), are similar to the values in dolomite-related nephrite. Yellow cathodoluminescent diopside is similar to that in other metasomatized dolomitic marbles. Nephrite has δ18O values ranging from +8.3 to +10.4‰ (precision = ±0.1‰), higher than in other typical dolomite-related nephrite. δD values range from –77 to –75‰, similar to the dolomite-related type. Based on these observations, we interpret the Zloty Stok nephrite deposit to have formed as a metasomatic replacement of dolomitic marble. This is the third documented case of a dolomite-related origin (para-nephrite) for nephrite in Europe. Furthermore, the dolomite-related nephrite adds the Lower Silesian Sudetes and its Foreland to rare areas like Wyoming, southern Siberia, China, Korea, and the Alps, where both dolomite-related and serpentinite-related nephrites occur. The Zloty Stok nephrite formed via at least two crystallization events. In the first event, quartz veins and nephrite formed, and the paragenesis included quartz, tremolite, Fe-poor actinolite, Fe-poor diopside and, probably, arsenopyrite. In the second event, Si-depleted actinolite, Fe-enriched diopside, and lollingite formed, and the earlier arsenopyrite was replaced by calcite. The crystallization path reflects progressive metamorphism ( i.e. , temperature rise) or change in the saturation conditions, e.g. , silica and sulfur activity in the fluid. The nephrite formation can be linked with the emplacement and cooling of the neighboring Variscan Klodzko-Zloty Stok granite at ca. 340–298 Ma.
The authors carried out the archaeometric analyses of 9 basalt preforms found at the Kadarta site... more The authors carried out the archaeometric analyses of 9 basalt preforms found at the Kadarta site in Veszprem county. Most of the analyses used non-destructive methods (macroscopic petrography, PGAA, MS and electron-microprobe (EDXEPMA) method developed within the frames of these investigations) and the traditional destructive petrographic and mineral chemical analyses were carried out on a small flake. All the analyses demonstrated that the nine basalt artefacts were prepared from the same raw material. According to the material collected so far from the basalt volcanoes of the Pannonian Basin, this raw material came from the volcanic territory of the Little Hungarian Plain and the Balaton Highlands. Within these territories the most probable provenance of the raw material is the lava rocks in the region of Boncsos-tető, although Hegyestű, Somlo and Halap cannot definitely be excluded.
Hadak útján XXIV. : A népvándorláskor fiatal kutatóinak XXIV. konferenciája. Esztergom, 2014. november 4–6.
A tanulmány egy 2–3. századi szarmata temetőrészletben feltárt sírral foglalkozik. A sír körárkos... more A tanulmány egy 2–3. századi szarmata temetőrészletben feltárt sírral foglalkozik. A sír körárkos, halmos, férfitemetkezés, mely rablottsága ellenére újabb adatokkal szolgál a fa sírkamrák szerkezetére vonatkozóan. A sír jellegzetes leletei: egy gyűrűs markolatú kard töredéke és a lábbeli szíjazatának berakásokkal díszített ezüstveretei. A berakások anyagát természettudományos vizsgálatok során variszcitként azonosítottuk.
The Zloty Stok Au-As deposit (SW Poland) hosts two distinct nephrite varieties: ‘type 1’ – a gray... more The Zloty Stok Au-As deposit (SW Poland) hosts two distinct nephrite varieties: ‘type 1’ – a grayish green or pale green, translucent, with waxy to greasy luster nephrite composed of actinolite and abundant lollingite; ‘type 2’ – a deep or intense green, less-translucent, with sub-vitreous to dull luster nephrite composed of tremolite and actinolite, with rare lollingite and arsenopyrite. ‘Nephrite type 1’ shows evidence for more intense metasomatism and recrystallization than ‘type 2’, e.g. , more abundant arsenide, sulfosalt, and tungstate minerals, and higher Fe, As, and Co concentrations. The tremolite and actinolite in both types formed at the expense of dolomite—either directly from dolomite or through diopside formation. Calcite is a byproduct of the amphiboles' formation directly from dolomite. Amphiboles have Cr2O3 and NiO concentrations of 0.00–0.04 wt.% and 0.00 wt.%, respectively, typical of dolomite-related nephrites. Diopside composition (up to 51 Wo, 0.00–0.05 wt.% Cr2O3 and 0.00–0.09 wt.% NiO) is similar to other dolomite-related nephrite compositions. Bulk-rock Cr and Ni (<30 ppm and <40 ppm, respectively) and Co, which is less affected by ore mineralization (<10 ppm), are similar to the values in dolomite-related nephrite. Yellow cathodoluminescent diopside is similar to that in other metasomatized dolomitic marbles. Nephrite has δ18O values ranging from +8.3 to +10.4‰ (precision = ±0.1‰), higher than in other typical dolomite-related nephrite. δD values range from –77 to –75‰, similar to the dolomite-related type. Based on these observations, we interpret the Zloty Stok nephrite deposit to have formed as a metasomatic replacement of dolomitic marble. This is the third documented case of a dolomite-related origin (para-nephrite) for nephrite in Europe. Furthermore, the dolomite-related nephrite adds the Lower Silesian Sudetes and its Foreland to rare areas like Wyoming, southern Siberia, China, Korea, and the Alps, where both dolomite-related and serpentinite-related nephrites occur. The Zloty Stok nephrite formed via at least two crystallization events. In the first event, quartz veins and nephrite formed, and the paragenesis included quartz, tremolite, Fe-poor actinolite, Fe-poor diopside and, probably, arsenopyrite. In the second event, Si-depleted actinolite, Fe-enriched diopside, and lollingite formed, and the earlier arsenopyrite was replaced by calcite. The crystallization path reflects progressive metamorphism ( i.e. , temperature rise) or change in the saturation conditions, e.g. , silica and sulfur activity in the fluid. The nephrite formation can be linked with the emplacement and cooling of the neighboring Variscan Klodzko-Zloty Stok granite at ca. 340–298 Ma.
First archaeometric results of polished stone tools made from high pressure metaophiolites occurr... more First archaeometric results of polished stone tools made from high pressure metaophiolites occurring in territory of Hungary are presented here. Three complete, very well polished stone tools were found from this extra-long distance (ELD) raw material. Two of them originate from the Ebenhöch collection of the Hungarian National Museum, the third originates from the Miháldy collection of the Laczkó Dezső Museum, Veszprém. The stone tools are small or middle size, the shape of two of them are very characteristic elongated triangle, the third is flat chisel. The analyses on these extremely rare and valuable pieces were performed exclusively by non-destructive methods, namely macroscopic petrography, magnetic susceptibility measurements, XRD in parallel beam geometry (with Göbel mirror), a special non-destructive SEM-EDX technique (developed in the ELTE FFI), and PGAA. Our results show that the studied stone tools are fit to the types of HP stone tools of metaophiolitic origin occurring...
... As the laser light penetrates through the garnet matrix and it can be focussed on even the ti... more ... As the laser light penetrates through the garnet matrix and it can be focussed on even the tiny mineral inclusions, the confocal Raman microscope proves to be the most appropriate for the identification (Calligaro et al. 2002; Smith 2005; Bersani et al. 2009). Fig. ...
Structural hydroxyl contents of quartz grains from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current ... more Structural hydroxyl contents of quartz grains from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits from the Bukk Foreland Volcanic Area, Hungary, were determined by using micro-FTIR spectrometry. Additional trace element analysis and SEM cathodoluminescence imaging were also performed. Structural hydroxyl content (expressed in water equivalent) of volcanic quartz ranges from ~2,0 to ~4,1 ppm, which is lower than those in quartz of igneous, metamorphic and hydrothermal origin. The incorporation of structural hydroxyl is mainly due to coupled H+ + Al3+ substitutions into Si-tetrahedral vacancies of quartz. In addition, the presence of molecular water is also obvious in (nano-)inclusions. The water fugacity (ƒH2O) just prior to the eruption seems to be the main factor controlling the concentration of structural hydroxyl as manifested in its almost homogeneous distribution regardless to the zonation of Al- or Ti-content. Quartz grains from the studied volcanic units are cha...
Structural hydroxyl contents of quartz grains from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current ... more Structural hydroxyl contents of quartz grains from various rhyolitic pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits from the Bukk Foreland Volcanic Area, Hungary, were determined by using micro-FTIR spectrometry. Additional trace element analysis and SEM cathodoluminescence imaging were also performed. Structural hydroxyl content (expressed in water equivalent) of volcanic quartz ranges from ~2,0 to ~4,1 ppm, which is lower than those in quartz of plutonic (granitic), metamorphic and hydrothermal origin. The incorporation of structural hydroxyl is mainly due to coupled H+ + Al3+ substitutions into Si-tetrahedral vacancies of quartz. In addition, the presence of molecular water is also obvious in (nano-)inclusions. The post-eruptive out diffusion of H+ during cooling seems to be the main factor causing the very low concentration of structural hydroxyl. This may be also manifested in the almost homogeneous distribution of structural hydroxyl regardless the considerable zonation in Al- and...
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