The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate... more The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate and hierarchicalize the districts of Punjab based on agricultural indicators. It follows a ranking approach that uses secondary cross-sectional data obtained from Punjab Development Statistics 2016. This study has employed Grey System Theory and used GRA. It is a seminal study that uses a unique methodology that has integrated thirteen different indicators of agricultural development in one mathematical model and assigned a distinct composite grade to every district. Findings revealed that district Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar have the highest Grey Relational Grade (GRG), hence depict the best agricultural performance in Punjab, whereas district Mianwali has the lowest GRG and accordingly least performance. This research provides insight to the policymakers, which will help them to take corrective measures and/or adjust the agricultural development policies
International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), 2021
Madrasa have a big role in building the Indonesian nation. The challenges of education in the era... more Madrasa have a big role in building the Indonesian nation. The challenges of education in the era of globalization are getting bigger. However, many madrasa do not have the quality according to the standard. Therefore it is necessary to rethink the quality culture of madrasa in the global era. This type of research is qualitative research and includes field research. Data analysis using Miles and Huberman analysis techniques that include data reduction, display data, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of research conducted by the author on the implementation of quality culture madrasa in MTs Ma'arif NU 4 Kemranjen can be concluded that wujud from the quality culture madrasa (religious culture) in MTs Ma'arif NU 4 Kemranjen as a form of development of pai subject family in accordance with the theory that includes; (1) mushofahah (2) memorization juz 'amma (3) istighasah and prayer together (4) dhuha prayer (5) friday box running (6) congregational dhuhur ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2014
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous disease, with wide survival range and multiple ris... more BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous disease, with wide survival range and multiple risk factors and staging systems linked to survival. The objective of this study was to assess the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosed and treated at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital (SKMCH), Lahore with respect to various prognostic factors. METHODS This was a survival analysis with data collected retrospectively on 82 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma. Overall survival was studied in relation to International Staging System (ISS), renal failure (Serum creatinine >2 mg/dl), anaemia (Hemoglobin <10 mg/dl), bone involvement (presence of lytic lesion on skeletal survey) and hypercalcemia (serum calcium >11mg/dl) due to multiple myeloma at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 61 years, including 67% males and 33% females. Median overall survival for ISS stage-I (24%), stage-II (44%) and stage-III (32...
We show that there exists an absolute constant c > 0, such that, for any finite set A of quate... more We show that there exists an absolute constant c > 0, such that, for any finite set A of quaternions, max{|A+ A, |AA|} & |A|. This generalizes a sum-product bound for real numbers proved by Konyagin and Shkredov.
In this important and influential book; John L. Esposito elucidates the teachings of Islam: the Q... more In this important and influential book; John L. Esposito elucidates the teachings of Islam: the Quran, the examples of the Prophet, Islamic law (about jihad and holy war), the use of violence and terrorism. Esposito is one of the prominent Islamic scholars: professor of Islamic Studies, religion and international affairs in Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. His words are worthy not only in the West but also in the Muslim world too. September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon left people stunned, angry and uncomprehend: these shocking deeds were alleged to extremist religious factions. In this regard, Esposito shared his views about terror attacks of September 11, 2001, in his significant book ‘Unholy War: Terror in The Name of Islam’. He accounts the rise of extremist groups and examines their frightening worldview and tactics. It’s important to note that, mostly Muslims are distressed and afraid of violence; therefore, it is significant to have know-how of I...
Alavi, Malde, Schwenk and Erdős asked whether the independent set sequence of every tree is unimo... more Alavi, Malde, Schwenk and Erdős asked whether the independent set sequence of every tree is unimodal. Here we make some observations about this question. We show that for the uniformly random (labelled) tree, asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.) the initial approximately 49.5% of the sequence is increasing while the terminal approximately 38.8% is decreasing. Our approach uses the Matrix Tree Theorem, combined with computation. We also present a generalization of a result of Levit and Mandrescu, concerning the final one-third of the independent set sequence of a König-Egerváry graph.
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal
Educational management is an important reference in the management of industrial-based Islamic bo... more Educational management is an important reference in the management of industrial-based Islamic boarding schools. When the management of a leader must go through several things, including planning, organizing, and planning industry-based learning. This research includes a qualitative descriptive approach to da'wah management. The data source used in this research is a literature review. Collecting data in this study using observation, interviews, and documentation. Islamic boarding school Darussalam Al-Fatah Cilacap is an industry-based Islamic boarding school. This was done to follow developments in the industrial revolution 4.0. Therefore, researchers feel it is important for the management of Islamic education at the Darussalam Al-Fatah Islamic boarding school in Cilacap. The results of the application of Islamic education management include, a) soroggan, with the bin-nazhr method, the tahfidz method, the talaqqi method, and the tikrar method, b) taddabur, c) habituation of th...
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) permits the fabrication of tablets in shapes unattainable by... more Additive manufacturing (3D printing) permits the fabrication of tablets in shapes unattainable by powder compaction, and so the effects of geometry on drug release behavior is easily assessed. Here, tablets (printlets) comprising of paracetamol dispersed in polyethylene glycol were printed using stereolithographic 3D printing. A number of geometric shapes were produced (cube, disc, pyramid, sphere and torus) with either constant surface area (SA) or constant surface area/volume ratio (SA/V). Dissolution testing showed that printlets with constant SA/V ratio released drug at the same rate, while those with constant SA released drug at different rates. A series of tori with increasing SA/V ratio (from 0.5 to 2.4) were printed, and it was found that dissolution rate increased as the SA/V ratio increased. The data show that printlets can be fabricated in multiple shapes and that dissolution performance can be maintained if the SA/V ratio is constant or that dissolution performance of pr...
Development of an oral testosterone (T) therapy has proven extremely challenging because of exten... more Development of an oral testosterone (T) therapy has proven extremely challenging because of extensive and variable first-pass metabolism. We investigated the in vivo metabolism of T with increasing oral doses of T, both alone and with the co-administration of dutasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor) by LC-MS/MS. In eugonadal men prior to dosing, the circulating concentration of T, androstenedione, etiocholanolone-glucuronide, and androsterone-glucuronide was 8.6, 20.9, 9.1 and 55.3%, respectively, of the total T-related species, whereas T-glucuronide was ∼1%. When T was dosed orally to men with experimental hypogonadism, a proportion of T-glucuronide increased to 13%. Dutasteride treatment significantly decreased levels of androsterone and its metabolites. This work reveals extensive metabolism of orally dosed T to androsterone glucuronide via androstenedione, with T-glucuronide appearing to be the second most important metabolite. This information is of importance in the development of...
2015 National Software Engineering Conference (NSEC), 2015
In last decade researchers have a growing attention in domain of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) ... more In last decade researchers have a growing attention in domain of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to numerous increasing automated industry and battle field applications. WSNs comprises of hundreds or even thousands of unsystematically deployed energy lacking sensor units. These sensors are aimed to transfer data from the field to distant Base Station (BS). This operation necessitate excessive energy. Minimizing energy expenditure and spreading WSN lifetime are prodigious tasks. Development of energy saving routing mechanism is one of the main issues in WSNs. In practical scenario almost all the WSNs are heterogenous or become heterogenous after small life span. Practically efficiency of every protocol changes with diverse heterogeneity environment. There is a dire need for testing of routing protocols underling varying heterogeneous parameters to cope with the practical scenario problems. In this paper performance of DEEC (Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering), DDEEC (Developed DEEC), TDEEC (Threshold DEEC) and BEENISH (Balanced Energy Efficient Network Integrated Super Heterogenous) are evaluated with respect to varying heterogeneity metrics. Testing shows the variable behaviour of protocols with changing environment. However BEENISH performs the best in all cases and performance is sustained in varying heterogeneous scenarios.
The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate... more The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate and hierarchicalize the districts of Punjab based on agricultural indicators. It follows a ranking approach that uses secondary cross-sectional data obtained from Punjab Development Statistics 2016. This study has employed Grey System Theory and used GRA. It is a seminal study that uses a unique methodology that has integrated thirteen different indicators of agricultural development in one mathematical model and assigned a distinct composite grade to every district. Findings revealed that district Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar have the highest Grey Relational Grade (GRG), hence depict the best agricultural performance in Punjab, whereas district Mianwali has the lowest GRG and accordingly least performance. This research provides insight to the policymakers, which will help them to take corrective measures and/or adjust the agricultural development policies
International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), 2021
Madrasa have a big role in building the Indonesian nation. The challenges of education in the era... more Madrasa have a big role in building the Indonesian nation. The challenges of education in the era of globalization are getting bigger. However, many madrasa do not have the quality according to the standard. Therefore it is necessary to rethink the quality culture of madrasa in the global era. This type of research is qualitative research and includes field research. Data analysis using Miles and Huberman analysis techniques that include data reduction, display data, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of research conducted by the author on the implementation of quality culture madrasa in MTs Ma'arif NU 4 Kemranjen can be concluded that wujud from the quality culture madrasa (religious culture) in MTs Ma'arif NU 4 Kemranjen as a form of development of pai subject family in accordance with the theory that includes; (1) mushofahah (2) memorization juz 'amma (3) istighasah and prayer together (4) dhuha prayer (5) friday box running (6) congregational dhuhur ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2014
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous disease, with wide survival range and multiple ris... more BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous disease, with wide survival range and multiple risk factors and staging systems linked to survival. The objective of this study was to assess the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosed and treated at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital (SKMCH), Lahore with respect to various prognostic factors. METHODS This was a survival analysis with data collected retrospectively on 82 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma. Overall survival was studied in relation to International Staging System (ISS), renal failure (Serum creatinine >2 mg/dl), anaemia (Hemoglobin <10 mg/dl), bone involvement (presence of lytic lesion on skeletal survey) and hypercalcemia (serum calcium >11mg/dl) due to multiple myeloma at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 61 years, including 67% males and 33% females. Median overall survival for ISS stage-I (24%), stage-II (44%) and stage-III (32...
We show that there exists an absolute constant c > 0, such that, for any finite set A of quate... more We show that there exists an absolute constant c > 0, such that, for any finite set A of quaternions, max{|A+ A, |AA|} & |A|. This generalizes a sum-product bound for real numbers proved by Konyagin and Shkredov.
In this important and influential book; John L. Esposito elucidates the teachings of Islam: the Q... more In this important and influential book; John L. Esposito elucidates the teachings of Islam: the Quran, the examples of the Prophet, Islamic law (about jihad and holy war), the use of violence and terrorism. Esposito is one of the prominent Islamic scholars: professor of Islamic Studies, religion and international affairs in Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. His words are worthy not only in the West but also in the Muslim world too. September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon left people stunned, angry and uncomprehend: these shocking deeds were alleged to extremist religious factions. In this regard, Esposito shared his views about terror attacks of September 11, 2001, in his significant book ‘Unholy War: Terror in The Name of Islam’. He accounts the rise of extremist groups and examines their frightening worldview and tactics. It’s important to note that, mostly Muslims are distressed and afraid of violence; therefore, it is significant to have know-how of I...
Alavi, Malde, Schwenk and Erdős asked whether the independent set sequence of every tree is unimo... more Alavi, Malde, Schwenk and Erdős asked whether the independent set sequence of every tree is unimodal. Here we make some observations about this question. We show that for the uniformly random (labelled) tree, asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.) the initial approximately 49.5% of the sequence is increasing while the terminal approximately 38.8% is decreasing. Our approach uses the Matrix Tree Theorem, combined with computation. We also present a generalization of a result of Levit and Mandrescu, concerning the final one-third of the independent set sequence of a König-Egerváry graph.
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal
Educational management is an important reference in the management of industrial-based Islamic bo... more Educational management is an important reference in the management of industrial-based Islamic boarding schools. When the management of a leader must go through several things, including planning, organizing, and planning industry-based learning. This research includes a qualitative descriptive approach to da'wah management. The data source used in this research is a literature review. Collecting data in this study using observation, interviews, and documentation. Islamic boarding school Darussalam Al-Fatah Cilacap is an industry-based Islamic boarding school. This was done to follow developments in the industrial revolution 4.0. Therefore, researchers feel it is important for the management of Islamic education at the Darussalam Al-Fatah Islamic boarding school in Cilacap. The results of the application of Islamic education management include, a) soroggan, with the bin-nazhr method, the tahfidz method, the talaqqi method, and the tikrar method, b) taddabur, c) habituation of th...
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) permits the fabrication of tablets in shapes unattainable by... more Additive manufacturing (3D printing) permits the fabrication of tablets in shapes unattainable by powder compaction, and so the effects of geometry on drug release behavior is easily assessed. Here, tablets (printlets) comprising of paracetamol dispersed in polyethylene glycol were printed using stereolithographic 3D printing. A number of geometric shapes were produced (cube, disc, pyramid, sphere and torus) with either constant surface area (SA) or constant surface area/volume ratio (SA/V). Dissolution testing showed that printlets with constant SA/V ratio released drug at the same rate, while those with constant SA released drug at different rates. A series of tori with increasing SA/V ratio (from 0.5 to 2.4) were printed, and it was found that dissolution rate increased as the SA/V ratio increased. The data show that printlets can be fabricated in multiple shapes and that dissolution performance can be maintained if the SA/V ratio is constant or that dissolution performance of pr...
Development of an oral testosterone (T) therapy has proven extremely challenging because of exten... more Development of an oral testosterone (T) therapy has proven extremely challenging because of extensive and variable first-pass metabolism. We investigated the in vivo metabolism of T with increasing oral doses of T, both alone and with the co-administration of dutasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor) by LC-MS/MS. In eugonadal men prior to dosing, the circulating concentration of T, androstenedione, etiocholanolone-glucuronide, and androsterone-glucuronide was 8.6, 20.9, 9.1 and 55.3%, respectively, of the total T-related species, whereas T-glucuronide was ∼1%. When T was dosed orally to men with experimental hypogonadism, a proportion of T-glucuronide increased to 13%. Dutasteride treatment significantly decreased levels of androsterone and its metabolites. This work reveals extensive metabolism of orally dosed T to androsterone glucuronide via androstenedione, with T-glucuronide appearing to be the second most important metabolite. This information is of importance in the development of...
2015 National Software Engineering Conference (NSEC), 2015
In last decade researchers have a growing attention in domain of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) ... more In last decade researchers have a growing attention in domain of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to numerous increasing automated industry and battle field applications. WSNs comprises of hundreds or even thousands of unsystematically deployed energy lacking sensor units. These sensors are aimed to transfer data from the field to distant Base Station (BS). This operation necessitate excessive energy. Minimizing energy expenditure and spreading WSN lifetime are prodigious tasks. Development of energy saving routing mechanism is one of the main issues in WSNs. In practical scenario almost all the WSNs are heterogenous or become heterogenous after small life span. Practically efficiency of every protocol changes with diverse heterogeneity environment. There is a dire need for testing of routing protocols underling varying heterogeneous parameters to cope with the practical scenario problems. In this paper performance of DEEC (Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering), DDEEC (Developed DEEC), TDEEC (Threshold DEEC) and BEENISH (Balanced Energy Efficient Network Integrated Super Heterogenous) are evaluated with respect to varying heterogeneity metrics. Testing shows the variable behaviour of protocols with changing environment. However BEENISH performs the best in all cases and performance is sustained in varying heterogeneous scenarios.
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