Objectives To investigate whether high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in unexplained re... more Objectives To investigate whether high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (uRPL). Methods Plasma levels of HMGB1 were measured by ELISA in non-pregnant women with (n=44) and without (n=53 controls) uRPL. Their platelets and plasma-derived microvesicles (MVs) were also assayed for HMGB1. Endometrial biopsies were taken in selected uRPL (n=5) and control women (n=5) and the tissue expression of HMGB1 was determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results plasma levels of HMGB1 were significantly higher in women with uRPL than in control women. HMGB1 content in platelets and MVs obtained from women with uRPL was significantly higher than that obtained from control women. HMGB1 expression in endometrium was higher in tissues obtained from women with uRPL than in tissues obtained from control women. IHC analysis revealed that HMGB1 is expressed in endometrium with different patterns between uRPL and control women. Conclusions ...
This study aimed to investigate the Diffusion-Tensor-Imaging (DTI) potential in the detection of ... more This study aimed to investigate the Diffusion-Tensor-Imaging (DTI) potential in the detection of microstructural changes in prostate cancer (PCa) in relation to the diffusion weight (b-value) and the associated diffusion length lD. Thirty-two patients (age range = 50–87 years) with biopsy-proven PCa underwent Diffusion-Weighted-Imaging (DWI) at 3T, using single non-zero b-value or groups of b-values up to b = 2500 s/mm2. The DTI maps (mean-diffusivity, MD; fractional-anisotropy, FA; axial and radial diffusivity, D// and D┴), visual quality, and the association between DTI-metrics and Gleason Score (GS) and DTI-metrics and age were discussed in relation to diffusion compartments probed by water molecules at different b-values. DTI-metrics differentiated benign from PCa tissue (p ≤ 0.0005), with the best discriminative power versus GS at b-values ≥ 1500 s/mm2, and for b-values range 0–2000 s/mm2, when the lD is comparable to the size of the epithelial compartment. The strongest linear...
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer dea... more Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men in 2020. The clinical decision making for prostate cancer patients is based on the stratification of the patients according to both clinical and pathological parameters such as Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen levels. However, these tools still do not adequately predict patient outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ZNF750 could have a role in better stratifying patients, identifying those with a higher risk of metastasis and with the poorest prognosis. The data reported here revealed that ZNF750 protein levels are reduced in human prostate cancer samples, and this reduction is even higher in metastatic samples. Interestingly, nuclear positivity is significantly reduced in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, regardless of both Gleason score and grade group. More importantly, the bioinformatics analysis indicates that ZNF750 expression is p...
Background: The T1 substaging of bladder cancer (BCa) potentially impacts disease progression. Th... more Background: The T1 substaging of bladder cancer (BCa) potentially impacts disease progression. The objective of the study was to compare the prognostic accuracy of two substaging systems on the recurrence and progression of primary pathologic T1 (pT1) BCa and to test a nomogram based on pT1 substaging for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Methods: The medical records of 204 patients affected by pT1 BCa were retrospectively reviewed. Substaging was defined according to the depth of lamina propria invasion in T1a−c and the extension of the lamina propria invasion to T1-microinvasive (T1m) or T1-extensive (T1e). Uni- and multivariable Cox regression models evaluated the independent variables correlated with recurrence and progression. The predictive accuracies of the two substaging systems were compared by Harrell's C index. Multivariate Cox regression models for the RFS and PFS were also depicted by a nomogram.Results: The 5-year RFS was...
The understanding of the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma led to the development of targeted ... more The understanding of the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma led to the development of targeted therapies, which dramatically changed the overall survival rate. Nonetheless, despite innovative lines of therapy accessible to patients, the prognosis remains severe in most cases. Kidney cancer rarely shows mutations in the genes coding for proteins involved in programmed cell death, including p53. In this paper, we show that the molecular machinery responsible for different forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, which are somehow impaired in kidney cancer to allow cancer cell growth and development, was reactivated by targeted pharmacological intervention. The aim of the present review was to summarize the modality of programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma, showing in vitro and in vivo evidence of their potential role in controlling kidney cancer growth, and highlighting their possible therapeutic value.
About 35% of patients affected by erectile dysfunction (ED) do not respond to oral phosphodiester... more About 35% of patients affected by erectile dysfunction (ED) do not respond to oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) and more severe vasculogenic refractory ED affects diabetic patients. Innovative approaches, such as regenerative therapies, including stem cell therapy (SCT) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are currently under investigation. Recent data point out that the regenerative capacity of stem cells is strongly influenced by local immune responses, with macrophages playing a pivotal role in the injury response and as a coordinator of tissue regeneration, suggesting that control of the immune response could be an appealing approach in regenerative medicine. A new generation of autologous cell therapy based on immune cells instead of stem cells, which could change regenerative medicine for good, is discussed. Increasing safety and efficacy data are coming from clinical trials using peripheral blood mononuclear cells to treat no-option critical limb ischemia and diabetic fo...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022
Significance ΔNp63 is a master regulator of skin homeostasis since it finely controls keratinocyt... more Significance ΔNp63 is a master regulator of skin homeostasis since it finely controls keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Here, we provide cellular and molecular evidence demonstrating the functional role of a ΔNp63 interactor, the R-loop–resolving enzyme Senataxin (SETX), in fine-tuning keratinocyte differentiation. We found that SETX physically binds the p63 DNA–binding motif present in two early epidermal differentiation genes, Keratin 1 (KRT1) and ZNF750, facilitating R-loop removal over their 3′ ends and thus allowing efficient transcriptional termination and gene expression. These molecular events translate into the inability of SETX-depleted keratinocytes to undergo the correct epidermal differentiation program. Remarkably, SETX is dysregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are characterized by thickness of stratum corneum and epidermal ... more Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are characterized by thickness of stratum corneum and epidermal hyperkeratosis localized in palms and soles. PPKs can be epidermolytic (EPPK) or non epidermolytic (NEPPK). Specific mutations of keratin 16 (K16) and keratin 1 (K1) have been associated to EPPK, and NEPPK. Cases of mosaicism in PPKs due to somatic keratin mutations have also been described in scientific literature. We evaluated a patient presenting hyperkeratosis localized monolaterally in the right palmar area, characterized by linear yellowish hyperkeratotic lesions following the Blaschko lines. No other relatives of the patient showed any dermatological disease. Light and confocal histological analysis confirmed the presence of epidermolityic hyperkeratosis. Genetic analysis performed demonstrates the heterozygous deletion NM_006121.4:r.274_472del for a total of 198 nucleotides, in KRT1 cDNA obtained by a palmar lesional skin biopsy, corresponding to the protein mutation NP_006112.3:...
Objective The main aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical data and outcom... more Objective The main aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical data and outcomes of a cohort of 492 hospitalized patients who underwent fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG)-PET/CT analysis at the nuclear medicine unit of ‘Policlinico Tor Vergata’ in Rome during the years 2017 and 2018 with particular emphasis for patients affected by pulmonary diseases. Methods Anamnestic data (age and gender), main pathologic conditions, results of F-FDG-PET/CT examination, appropriateness of the request, and medical records of 492 consecutive hospitalized patients who underwent F-FDG-PET/CT analysis (55.38 ± 3.78 years; range 33–81 years) from January 2017 to December 2018 were obtained. Results Considering all examinations, positive results were observed in 66.9% of cases whereas it was not possible to perform a diagnosis in 12.7% of cases (doubt results). About 20-fold increase in the percentage of doubt results was observed in F-FDG-PET/CT analysis with no appropriateness as compared to those with double appropriateness (both the request and clinical). Noteworthy, our data showed a 95% higher concordance between the positive results of the F-FDG-PET/CT examination and the histologic diagnosis. Conversely, the concordance between the analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavages and the PET analysis was very low. Conclusion Data here reported showed the high accuracy of the F-FDG-PET/CT performed in our department, mainly for pulmonary diseases, also highlighting the importance of continuously updating the selection criteria for patients who need PET examinations.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of a number of physiological function... more MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of a number of physiological functions. miR-133a and other muscular miRs (myomiRs) play a key role in muscle cell growth and in some type of cancers. Here, we show that miR133a is upregulated in individuals that undertake physical exercise. We used a skeletal muscle differentiation model to dissect miR-133a’s role and to identify new targets, identifying Tropomyosin-4 (TPM4). This protein is expressed during muscle differentiation, but importantly it is an essential component of microfilament cytoskeleton and stress fibres formation. The microfilament scaffold remodelling is an essential step in cell transformation and tumour progression. Using the muscle system, we obtained valuable information about the microfilament proteins, and the knowledge on these molecular players can be transferred to the cytoskeleton rearrangement observed in cancer cells. Further investigations showed a role of TPM4 in cancer physiology, specifi...
Introduction COVID-19 is a declared worldwide pandemic. In our country, due to shortage of hospit... more Introduction COVID-19 is a declared worldwide pandemic. In our country, due to shortage of hospitals and beds in intensive care unit, oncological and breast cancer (BC) resources are temporarily shifted to COVID-19 patients. In addition, risk of cross-infections should be considered in these frail patients. To accomplish more surgical procedures and to reduce the length of hospital stay (LOS), fast track awake BC surgery should be implemented. The aim of the study is to estimate the effects of surgical shift in our facility during the early COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and methods From 30th January 2020 to 30th of March 2020, 86 consecutive patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into pre-COVID-19-BC and COVID-19-BC. Clinical parameters and anamnestic data were collected and analyzed. Surgical procedures, relative complications and type of anaesthesia were reported. The effect on surgical time (ST), operative room time (ORT) and length of stay (LOS) were described and exa...
Background: this study aims to investigate the possible association among the histopathologic fea... more Background: this study aims to investigate the possible association among the histopathologic features of carotid plaque instability, the presence of micro- or macrocalcifications, the expression of in situ inflammatory biomarkers, and the occurrence of the major risk factors in this process in a large series of carotid plaques. Methods: a total of 687 carotid plaques from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were collected. Histological evaluation was performed to classify the calcium deposits in micro or macrocalcifications according to their morphological features (location and size). Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of the main inflammatory biomarkers. Results: results here reported demonstrated that calcifications are very frequent in carotid plaques, with a significant difference between the presence of micro- and macrocalcifications. Specifically, microcalcifications were significantly associated to high inflamed unstable plaques. Paradoxically, mac...
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 2020
Clinical evidences have shown good results using dermal/epidermal substitutes (DESs) to treat dia... more Clinical evidences have shown good results using dermal/epidermal substitutes (DESs) to treat diabetic foot ulcers. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to their scaffold action, DESs may favor wound healing by influencing wound bed inflammatory cells. This study aims to investigate whether DES may influence the inflammatory infiltrate and macrophages polarization toward a reparative phenotype. Fifteen diabetic patients with chronic foot ulcers have been randomly enrolled: 5 treated only by standard of care, served as control group (CG), and 10 treated with DES composed of type 1 bovin collagen (Nevelia, SYMATESE) considered as test group (TG). A biopsy was taken at baseline (T0) and after 30 days (T1). From bioptic paraffin specimen histological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analysis was performed. Immunohistochemistry reactions evaluated the number of M1 macrophage (CD38+) and M2 macrophage (CD163+). TG patients displayed general macrophage activation and their ...
Objectives To investigate whether high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in unexplained re... more Objectives To investigate whether high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (uRPL). Methods Plasma levels of HMGB1 were measured by ELISA in non-pregnant women with (n=44) and without (n=53 controls) uRPL. Their platelets and plasma-derived microvesicles (MVs) were also assayed for HMGB1. Endometrial biopsies were taken in selected uRPL (n=5) and control women (n=5) and the tissue expression of HMGB1 was determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results plasma levels of HMGB1 were significantly higher in women with uRPL than in control women. HMGB1 content in platelets and MVs obtained from women with uRPL was significantly higher than that obtained from control women. HMGB1 expression in endometrium was higher in tissues obtained from women with uRPL than in tissues obtained from control women. IHC analysis revealed that HMGB1 is expressed in endometrium with different patterns between uRPL and control women. Conclusions ...
This study aimed to investigate the Diffusion-Tensor-Imaging (DTI) potential in the detection of ... more This study aimed to investigate the Diffusion-Tensor-Imaging (DTI) potential in the detection of microstructural changes in prostate cancer (PCa) in relation to the diffusion weight (b-value) and the associated diffusion length lD. Thirty-two patients (age range = 50–87 years) with biopsy-proven PCa underwent Diffusion-Weighted-Imaging (DWI) at 3T, using single non-zero b-value or groups of b-values up to b = 2500 s/mm2. The DTI maps (mean-diffusivity, MD; fractional-anisotropy, FA; axial and radial diffusivity, D// and D┴), visual quality, and the association between DTI-metrics and Gleason Score (GS) and DTI-metrics and age were discussed in relation to diffusion compartments probed by water molecules at different b-values. DTI-metrics differentiated benign from PCa tissue (p ≤ 0.0005), with the best discriminative power versus GS at b-values ≥ 1500 s/mm2, and for b-values range 0–2000 s/mm2, when the lD is comparable to the size of the epithelial compartment. The strongest linear...
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer dea... more Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men in 2020. The clinical decision making for prostate cancer patients is based on the stratification of the patients according to both clinical and pathological parameters such as Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen levels. However, these tools still do not adequately predict patient outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ZNF750 could have a role in better stratifying patients, identifying those with a higher risk of metastasis and with the poorest prognosis. The data reported here revealed that ZNF750 protein levels are reduced in human prostate cancer samples, and this reduction is even higher in metastatic samples. Interestingly, nuclear positivity is significantly reduced in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, regardless of both Gleason score and grade group. More importantly, the bioinformatics analysis indicates that ZNF750 expression is p...
Background: The T1 substaging of bladder cancer (BCa) potentially impacts disease progression. Th... more Background: The T1 substaging of bladder cancer (BCa) potentially impacts disease progression. The objective of the study was to compare the prognostic accuracy of two substaging systems on the recurrence and progression of primary pathologic T1 (pT1) BCa and to test a nomogram based on pT1 substaging for predicting recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Methods: The medical records of 204 patients affected by pT1 BCa were retrospectively reviewed. Substaging was defined according to the depth of lamina propria invasion in T1a−c and the extension of the lamina propria invasion to T1-microinvasive (T1m) or T1-extensive (T1e). Uni- and multivariable Cox regression models evaluated the independent variables correlated with recurrence and progression. The predictive accuracies of the two substaging systems were compared by Harrell's C index. Multivariate Cox regression models for the RFS and PFS were also depicted by a nomogram.Results: The 5-year RFS was...
The understanding of the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma led to the development of targeted ... more The understanding of the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma led to the development of targeted therapies, which dramatically changed the overall survival rate. Nonetheless, despite innovative lines of therapy accessible to patients, the prognosis remains severe in most cases. Kidney cancer rarely shows mutations in the genes coding for proteins involved in programmed cell death, including p53. In this paper, we show that the molecular machinery responsible for different forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, which are somehow impaired in kidney cancer to allow cancer cell growth and development, was reactivated by targeted pharmacological intervention. The aim of the present review was to summarize the modality of programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma, showing in vitro and in vivo evidence of their potential role in controlling kidney cancer growth, and highlighting their possible therapeutic value.
About 35% of patients affected by erectile dysfunction (ED) do not respond to oral phosphodiester... more About 35% of patients affected by erectile dysfunction (ED) do not respond to oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) and more severe vasculogenic refractory ED affects diabetic patients. Innovative approaches, such as regenerative therapies, including stem cell therapy (SCT) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are currently under investigation. Recent data point out that the regenerative capacity of stem cells is strongly influenced by local immune responses, with macrophages playing a pivotal role in the injury response and as a coordinator of tissue regeneration, suggesting that control of the immune response could be an appealing approach in regenerative medicine. A new generation of autologous cell therapy based on immune cells instead of stem cells, which could change regenerative medicine for good, is discussed. Increasing safety and efficacy data are coming from clinical trials using peripheral blood mononuclear cells to treat no-option critical limb ischemia and diabetic fo...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022
Significance ΔNp63 is a master regulator of skin homeostasis since it finely controls keratinocyt... more Significance ΔNp63 is a master regulator of skin homeostasis since it finely controls keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Here, we provide cellular and molecular evidence demonstrating the functional role of a ΔNp63 interactor, the R-loop–resolving enzyme Senataxin (SETX), in fine-tuning keratinocyte differentiation. We found that SETX physically binds the p63 DNA–binding motif present in two early epidermal differentiation genes, Keratin 1 (KRT1) and ZNF750, facilitating R-loop removal over their 3′ ends and thus allowing efficient transcriptional termination and gene expression. These molecular events translate into the inability of SETX-depleted keratinocytes to undergo the correct epidermal differentiation program. Remarkably, SETX is dysregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.
Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are characterized by thickness of stratum corneum and epidermal ... more Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are characterized by thickness of stratum corneum and epidermal hyperkeratosis localized in palms and soles. PPKs can be epidermolytic (EPPK) or non epidermolytic (NEPPK). Specific mutations of keratin 16 (K16) and keratin 1 (K1) have been associated to EPPK, and NEPPK. Cases of mosaicism in PPKs due to somatic keratin mutations have also been described in scientific literature. We evaluated a patient presenting hyperkeratosis localized monolaterally in the right palmar area, characterized by linear yellowish hyperkeratotic lesions following the Blaschko lines. No other relatives of the patient showed any dermatological disease. Light and confocal histological analysis confirmed the presence of epidermolityic hyperkeratosis. Genetic analysis performed demonstrates the heterozygous deletion NM_006121.4:r.274_472del for a total of 198 nucleotides, in KRT1 cDNA obtained by a palmar lesional skin biopsy, corresponding to the protein mutation NP_006112.3:...
Objective The main aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical data and outcom... more Objective The main aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical data and outcomes of a cohort of 492 hospitalized patients who underwent fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG)-PET/CT analysis at the nuclear medicine unit of ‘Policlinico Tor Vergata’ in Rome during the years 2017 and 2018 with particular emphasis for patients affected by pulmonary diseases. Methods Anamnestic data (age and gender), main pathologic conditions, results of F-FDG-PET/CT examination, appropriateness of the request, and medical records of 492 consecutive hospitalized patients who underwent F-FDG-PET/CT analysis (55.38 ± 3.78 years; range 33–81 years) from January 2017 to December 2018 were obtained. Results Considering all examinations, positive results were observed in 66.9% of cases whereas it was not possible to perform a diagnosis in 12.7% of cases (doubt results). About 20-fold increase in the percentage of doubt results was observed in F-FDG-PET/CT analysis with no appropriateness as compared to those with double appropriateness (both the request and clinical). Noteworthy, our data showed a 95% higher concordance between the positive results of the F-FDG-PET/CT examination and the histologic diagnosis. Conversely, the concordance between the analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavages and the PET analysis was very low. Conclusion Data here reported showed the high accuracy of the F-FDG-PET/CT performed in our department, mainly for pulmonary diseases, also highlighting the importance of continuously updating the selection criteria for patients who need PET examinations.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of a number of physiological function... more MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of a number of physiological functions. miR-133a and other muscular miRs (myomiRs) play a key role in muscle cell growth and in some type of cancers. Here, we show that miR133a is upregulated in individuals that undertake physical exercise. We used a skeletal muscle differentiation model to dissect miR-133a’s role and to identify new targets, identifying Tropomyosin-4 (TPM4). This protein is expressed during muscle differentiation, but importantly it is an essential component of microfilament cytoskeleton and stress fibres formation. The microfilament scaffold remodelling is an essential step in cell transformation and tumour progression. Using the muscle system, we obtained valuable information about the microfilament proteins, and the knowledge on these molecular players can be transferred to the cytoskeleton rearrangement observed in cancer cells. Further investigations showed a role of TPM4 in cancer physiology, specifi...
Introduction COVID-19 is a declared worldwide pandemic. In our country, due to shortage of hospit... more Introduction COVID-19 is a declared worldwide pandemic. In our country, due to shortage of hospitals and beds in intensive care unit, oncological and breast cancer (BC) resources are temporarily shifted to COVID-19 patients. In addition, risk of cross-infections should be considered in these frail patients. To accomplish more surgical procedures and to reduce the length of hospital stay (LOS), fast track awake BC surgery should be implemented. The aim of the study is to estimate the effects of surgical shift in our facility during the early COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and methods From 30th January 2020 to 30th of March 2020, 86 consecutive patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into pre-COVID-19-BC and COVID-19-BC. Clinical parameters and anamnestic data were collected and analyzed. Surgical procedures, relative complications and type of anaesthesia were reported. The effect on surgical time (ST), operative room time (ORT) and length of stay (LOS) were described and exa...
Background: this study aims to investigate the possible association among the histopathologic fea... more Background: this study aims to investigate the possible association among the histopathologic features of carotid plaque instability, the presence of micro- or macrocalcifications, the expression of in situ inflammatory biomarkers, and the occurrence of the major risk factors in this process in a large series of carotid plaques. Methods: a total of 687 carotid plaques from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were collected. Histological evaluation was performed to classify the calcium deposits in micro or macrocalcifications according to their morphological features (location and size). Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of the main inflammatory biomarkers. Results: results here reported demonstrated that calcifications are very frequent in carotid plaques, with a significant difference between the presence of micro- and macrocalcifications. Specifically, microcalcifications were significantly associated to high inflamed unstable plaques. Paradoxically, mac...
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 2020
Clinical evidences have shown good results using dermal/epidermal substitutes (DESs) to treat dia... more Clinical evidences have shown good results using dermal/epidermal substitutes (DESs) to treat diabetic foot ulcers. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to their scaffold action, DESs may favor wound healing by influencing wound bed inflammatory cells. This study aims to investigate whether DES may influence the inflammatory infiltrate and macrophages polarization toward a reparative phenotype. Fifteen diabetic patients with chronic foot ulcers have been randomly enrolled: 5 treated only by standard of care, served as control group (CG), and 10 treated with DES composed of type 1 bovin collagen (Nevelia, SYMATESE) considered as test group (TG). A biopsy was taken at baseline (T0) and after 30 days (T1). From bioptic paraffin specimen histological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence analysis was performed. Immunohistochemistry reactions evaluated the number of M1 macrophage (CD38+) and M2 macrophage (CD163+). TG patients displayed general macrophage activation and their ...
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Papers by alessandro mauriello