Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary i... more Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the
Morphological indicators within the cranium for prediction of mandibular growth patterns as repor... more Morphological indicators within the cranium for prediction of mandibular growth patterns as reported by Bjork are: (1) inclination of the condylar head (ICH), (2) curvature of mandibular canal (CMC), (3) shape of the lower border of the mandible and specifically depth of the antegonial notch (AN), (4) inclination of the symphysis (ISY), (5) interincisal angle (IIA), (6) intermolar angle (IMA), and (7) lower anterior face height (LAFH). The purpose of this study was to examine the association of these indicators as they relate to extreme skeletal patterns observed in skeletally mature subjects. The pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 395 post-growth subjects were randomly selected from the archives of a university orthodontic department. These were divided in three groups according to their MP-SN angle [normal: 28-36degrees (G1), hypodivergent: ≤26degrees (G2), hyperdivergent: ≥38degrees (G3)]. It was found that only LAFH was correlated to age across all groups. Howeve...
In the graduation of the age-specific mortality pattern, recent emphasis has been placed on the u... more In the graduation of the age-specific mortality pattern, recent emphasis has been placed on the use of kernel regression estimators. Three such estimators are the Nadaraya-Watson, Gasser-Muller and kernel weighted local linear estimators. This paper discusses the theoretical background of each estimator and evaluates their accuracy in graduating age-specific mortality using data for France, Japan and Sweden. For comparison, we
This study explores the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population in Greece ... more This study explores the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population in Greece during the general lockdown period. Specifically, depression, anxiety and stress scores, as well as the factors associated with vulnerability to developing mental health conditions during this period, were investigated. A total of 911 adults participated in an online survey by completing a self-reporting questionnaire that included demographic questions, DASS-42 items (anxiety, stress and depression scales) and other questions related to personal experience. Regression modelling uncovered a significant relationship between gender and DASS scores, with women having significantly higher scores than men for all mental health problems. Participants aged 20–39 years were especially vulnerable to experiencing poor mental health. Unemployed participants reported having worse mental health than others. Having more perceived psychosocial support during the pandemic was associated with lower overa...
This paper compares and assesses the income inequality between five European countries in the mid... more This paper compares and assesses the income inequality between five European countries in the mid 1990’s, employing the non-parametric technique of kernel density estimation. The countries used in this inequality exercise were Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Poland and the UK, and the analysis was based on comparative data and variables provided by the PACO project. Kernel density estimates were found particular revealing for comparing the shape of income distributions between populations, and for mapping the impact that differences in income polarisation and concentration in various subgroups have on the overall income distribution of a country. Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the CEPS/INSTEAD, Luxembourg and the DIW, Germany for providing and allowing the use of the PACO data. Address for correspondence: Christos Papatheodorou, Institute of Social Policy, National Centre for Social Research, 14-18 Messogeion Av., GR-11527, Athens, Greece. Email: cpapatheo@ekke.gr Anastasia Kost...
The two recent population censuses in Greece clearly show that during the last two decades, Greec... more The two recent population censuses in Greece clearly show that during the last two decades, Greece is shifting from a traditional emigration country to an immigration one. The considerable alteration of the migration profile of Greece led to a significant amount of literature referring to the social, economic and demographic dimensions of this phenomenon. However, in all these analyses the spatial dimension of the implications of immigration on the size and the structure of the population in a lower geographical level is lacking. The immigrant population is neither uniformly nor is it even proportionally distributed in comparison to the native one. In addition, it exhibits a significantly different demographic profile than the native population. Therefore, the examination of the impact of immigration in a low spatial scale might be useful in finding structures that is impossible to observe otherwise. This work, mainly based on the exploitation of the last census micro data concernin...
This paper compares and assesses the income inequality between five European countries in the mid... more This paper compares and assesses the income inequality between five European countries in the mid 1990’s, employing the non-parametric technique of kernel density estimation. The countries used in this inequality exercise were Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Poland and the United Kingdom, and the analysis was based on comparative data and variables provided by the PACO project. Kernel density estimates were found particularly revealing for comparing the shape of income distributions between populations, and for mapping the impact that differences in income polarization and concentration in various subgroups have on the overall income distribution of a country.
This study identifies factors that affect safety, health and trauma among refugees and asylum see... more This study identifies factors that affect safety, health and trauma among refugees and asylum seekers newly arrived and accommodated in Greece. The data of this study was collected from the REHEAL (Refugees’ Healing) project—a population-based survey conducted in six Greek refugee camps during the summer of 2016. We specified two binary logistic-regression models—one for safety and a second for health—as well as a multiple linear-regression model for the trauma score. Safety, health and trauma among refugees appear to be attributable to both pre- and post-displacement factors. The analysis shows that the mental and physical wellbeing of refugees and asylum seekers is strongly affected by post-displacement factors and, more specifically, by exposure to stressors in host countries, such as poor living conditions, limited access to health-care services and uncertainty about the future.
Communications in Statistics: Case Studies, Data Analysis and Applications
Abstract It is fairly well established that empirical age-specific mortality data are often chara... more Abstract It is fairly well established that empirical age-specific mortality data are often characterized by a number of limitations and deficiencies the most common of which is a pronounced tendency in age declaration to “round-off” to certain preferred digits. Another typical limitation of such data is that in many times they are only available aggregated in five-year age groups and/or they are incomplete. In addition to these problems, special limitations related to the efficiency and stability of the empirical death data also arise when these data refer to small populations. In such cases, the age-specific death rates are inefficient estimators of the corresponding death probabilities as a result of the highest impact of randomness. However, for many purposes in both demographic analysis and actuarial practice, there is a need for both reliable and analytical estimation of age-specific mortality patterns. This article provides a review of the typical problems and limitations affecting mortality data of small populations, discusses their consequences in estimating age-specific mortality patterns, and also proposes ways to deal with them. In that, a theoretically consistent though computationally simplest technique for minimizing random variations in age-specific death counts is proposed and demonstrated using empirical death counts of some chosen small populations.
The graduation of age-specific demographic rates is a subject of special interest in many dis-cip... more The graduation of age-specific demographic rates is a subject of special interest in many dis-ciplines as demography, biostatistics, actuarial practice, and social planning. For estimating the unknown age-specific probabilities of the various demographic phenomena, some graduation technique must be applied to the corresponding empirical rates, under the assumption that the true probabilities follow a smooth pattern through age. The classical way for graduating demographic rates is parametric modelling. However, for graduation purposes, nonparametric techniques can also be adapted. This work provides an adaptation, and an evaluation of kernels and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in the context of graduation of demographic rates.
Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary i... more Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the
Morphological indicators within the cranium for prediction of mandibular growth patterns as repor... more Morphological indicators within the cranium for prediction of mandibular growth patterns as reported by Bjork are: (1) inclination of the condylar head (ICH), (2) curvature of mandibular canal (CMC), (3) shape of the lower border of the mandible and specifically depth of the antegonial notch (AN), (4) inclination of the symphysis (ISY), (5) interincisal angle (IIA), (6) intermolar angle (IMA), and (7) lower anterior face height (LAFH). The purpose of this study was to examine the association of these indicators as they relate to extreme skeletal patterns observed in skeletally mature subjects. The pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 395 post-growth subjects were randomly selected from the archives of a university orthodontic department. These were divided in three groups according to their MP-SN angle [normal: 28-36degrees (G1), hypodivergent: ≤26degrees (G2), hyperdivergent: ≥38degrees (G3)]. It was found that only LAFH was correlated to age across all groups. Howeve...
In the graduation of the age-specific mortality pattern, recent emphasis has been placed on the u... more In the graduation of the age-specific mortality pattern, recent emphasis has been placed on the use of kernel regression estimators. Three such estimators are the Nadaraya-Watson, Gasser-Muller and kernel weighted local linear estimators. This paper discusses the theoretical background of each estimator and evaluates their accuracy in graduating age-specific mortality using data for France, Japan and Sweden. For comparison, we
This study explores the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population in Greece ... more This study explores the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population in Greece during the general lockdown period. Specifically, depression, anxiety and stress scores, as well as the factors associated with vulnerability to developing mental health conditions during this period, were investigated. A total of 911 adults participated in an online survey by completing a self-reporting questionnaire that included demographic questions, DASS-42 items (anxiety, stress and depression scales) and other questions related to personal experience. Regression modelling uncovered a significant relationship between gender and DASS scores, with women having significantly higher scores than men for all mental health problems. Participants aged 20–39 years were especially vulnerable to experiencing poor mental health. Unemployed participants reported having worse mental health than others. Having more perceived psychosocial support during the pandemic was associated with lower overa...
This paper compares and assesses the income inequality between five European countries in the mid... more This paper compares and assesses the income inequality between five European countries in the mid 1990’s, employing the non-parametric technique of kernel density estimation. The countries used in this inequality exercise were Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Poland and the UK, and the analysis was based on comparative data and variables provided by the PACO project. Kernel density estimates were found particular revealing for comparing the shape of income distributions between populations, and for mapping the impact that differences in income polarisation and concentration in various subgroups have on the overall income distribution of a country. Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the CEPS/INSTEAD, Luxembourg and the DIW, Germany for providing and allowing the use of the PACO data. Address for correspondence: Christos Papatheodorou, Institute of Social Policy, National Centre for Social Research, 14-18 Messogeion Av., GR-11527, Athens, Greece. Email: cpapatheo@ekke.gr Anastasia Kost...
The two recent population censuses in Greece clearly show that during the last two decades, Greec... more The two recent population censuses in Greece clearly show that during the last two decades, Greece is shifting from a traditional emigration country to an immigration one. The considerable alteration of the migration profile of Greece led to a significant amount of literature referring to the social, economic and demographic dimensions of this phenomenon. However, in all these analyses the spatial dimension of the implications of immigration on the size and the structure of the population in a lower geographical level is lacking. The immigrant population is neither uniformly nor is it even proportionally distributed in comparison to the native one. In addition, it exhibits a significantly different demographic profile than the native population. Therefore, the examination of the impact of immigration in a low spatial scale might be useful in finding structures that is impossible to observe otherwise. This work, mainly based on the exploitation of the last census micro data concernin...
This paper compares and assesses the income inequality between five European countries in the mid... more This paper compares and assesses the income inequality between five European countries in the mid 1990’s, employing the non-parametric technique of kernel density estimation. The countries used in this inequality exercise were Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Poland and the United Kingdom, and the analysis was based on comparative data and variables provided by the PACO project. Kernel density estimates were found particularly revealing for comparing the shape of income distributions between populations, and for mapping the impact that differences in income polarization and concentration in various subgroups have on the overall income distribution of a country.
This study identifies factors that affect safety, health and trauma among refugees and asylum see... more This study identifies factors that affect safety, health and trauma among refugees and asylum seekers newly arrived and accommodated in Greece. The data of this study was collected from the REHEAL (Refugees’ Healing) project—a population-based survey conducted in six Greek refugee camps during the summer of 2016. We specified two binary logistic-regression models—one for safety and a second for health—as well as a multiple linear-regression model for the trauma score. Safety, health and trauma among refugees appear to be attributable to both pre- and post-displacement factors. The analysis shows that the mental and physical wellbeing of refugees and asylum seekers is strongly affected by post-displacement factors and, more specifically, by exposure to stressors in host countries, such as poor living conditions, limited access to health-care services and uncertainty about the future.
Communications in Statistics: Case Studies, Data Analysis and Applications
Abstract It is fairly well established that empirical age-specific mortality data are often chara... more Abstract It is fairly well established that empirical age-specific mortality data are often characterized by a number of limitations and deficiencies the most common of which is a pronounced tendency in age declaration to “round-off” to certain preferred digits. Another typical limitation of such data is that in many times they are only available aggregated in five-year age groups and/or they are incomplete. In addition to these problems, special limitations related to the efficiency and stability of the empirical death data also arise when these data refer to small populations. In such cases, the age-specific death rates are inefficient estimators of the corresponding death probabilities as a result of the highest impact of randomness. However, for many purposes in both demographic analysis and actuarial practice, there is a need for both reliable and analytical estimation of age-specific mortality patterns. This article provides a review of the typical problems and limitations affecting mortality data of small populations, discusses their consequences in estimating age-specific mortality patterns, and also proposes ways to deal with them. In that, a theoretically consistent though computationally simplest technique for minimizing random variations in age-specific death counts is proposed and demonstrated using empirical death counts of some chosen small populations.
The graduation of age-specific demographic rates is a subject of special interest in many dis-cip... more The graduation of age-specific demographic rates is a subject of special interest in many dis-ciplines as demography, biostatistics, actuarial practice, and social planning. For estimating the unknown age-specific probabilities of the various demographic phenomena, some graduation technique must be applied to the corresponding empirical rates, under the assumption that the true probabilities follow a smooth pattern through age. The classical way for graduating demographic rates is parametric modelling. However, for graduation purposes, nonparametric techniques can also be adapted. This work provides an adaptation, and an evaluation of kernels and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in the context of graduation of demographic rates.
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