Callus induction and plant regeneration are important steps of in vitro plant breeding of ornamen... more Callus induction and plant regeneration are important steps of in vitro plant breeding of ornamental plants. In this study, the effects of different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs), promoters, and minerals on callus induction and plant regeneration in different carnation cultivars were studied in a completely randomized design with three replications. For callus induction, 16 different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and casein hydrolysate (CH) were studied using in vitro leaf explants. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg·dm−3 of 2,4-D and 200 mg·dm−3 of CH showed the highest frequency of callus induction. Among the cultivars, ‘Noblesse’ showed the highest rate of callus induction (91.67%). Regarding regeneration, BA, NAA, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and adenine hemisulfate (As) were used in ten different combinations. The ‘Cameron’, ‘Tabasco’, and ‘Noblesse’ cultiva...
The research aimed to produce new genotypes by hybridization. It was conducted in the Ornamental ... more The research aimed to produce new genotypes by hybridization. It was conducted in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat from 2016 to 2018. Four varieties of gladiolus including ‘Amsterdam’, ‘White Prosperity’, ‘Advance Red’ and ‘Rose Supreme’ were chosen for hybridization. The progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest heritability in traits was estimated to be 98.46% for cormlet number and diameter and the lowest was 12.90% for crown diameter. These results indicate that most traits have a very low phenotypic and genetic diversity coefficient, indicating that they had lower environmental effects since the progenies were cultivated under similar and controlled conditions. The results of the factor analysis, based on the eight assessed traits, showed that the four factors accounted for 60.90% of the total variance. The first factor captured 22.80% of the variance and among its traits, crown diameter and leaf number ...
Iris belongs toIridaceae family and it is monocotyledon. Iris is one of the important ornamental ... more Iris belongs toIridaceae family and it is monocotyledon. Iris is one of the important ornamental and medicinal plants. 34 iris genotypes (14 species) collected from different provinces of Iran were planted at National Institute of Ornamental Plants (NIOP) Iran. All of the species evaluated for 15 quantitative traits and 30 qualitative traits. Results showed that the highest positive correlation was between inner tepal length and width and the lowest of this correlation was between crest length and width. Cluster analysis using Ward similarity coefficient divided Iris species into three clusters. Also the highest Nei’s genetic distance based on qualitative traits was between I. iberica and I. fosterana and the lowest was between I. germanica and I. paradoxa. The maximum genetic diversity was in Khorasan Razavi populations, and the minimum was in Khorasan (North). According to Shannon index, I. spuria and I. germanica species had the maximum level of genetic diversity. Cluster analys...
Pelargonium capitatum (rose pelargonium) is a plant indigenous to southern Africa, originally bro... more Pelargonium capitatum (rose pelargonium) is a plant indigenous to southern Africa, originally brought to Western Australia for its ornamental qualities. It has since become naturalized in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region, recognized for its high level of species endemism, where it is a serious invasive weed in bushlands and coastal dunes. Since P. capitatum outcompetes native species it is listed among the top 10 most important coastal weeds of the region (3). In 2008, large patches of stunted, dying, and dead P. capitatum plants were observed within a population covering coastal dunes at Woodman Point, Western Australia (GPS coordinates 32°07′40.51″S, 115°45′28.39″E). Diseased plants had small misshapen leaves in clumps that were often chlorotic or pink, shortened internodes, and exhibited phylloidy typical of infection by a phytoplasma. From August 2009 to January 2010, samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected from the site and from plants of an asy...
To produce new, high-quality offsprings, we generated two cross combinations in Iris germanica. T... more To produce new, high-quality offsprings, we generated two cross combinations in Iris germanica. Three parental plants were selected after preliminary screening of commercial traits in different cultivars. Fourteen quantitative traits mostly related to the flower organ were investigated on 15 progenies and three parental plants in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant positive and negative correlations were observed among different studied attributes at 0.01 and 0.05 probability. The highest positive (+0.86) and negative (-0.76) correlations was recorded between diameter of flowering branch with crown diameter as well as peduncle length, respectively. Cluster analysis using Ward’s method separated most of the progenies from the parental plants based on evaluated morphological characteristics. However, some of the progenies were grouped with their maternal parent. In PCA analysis, five factors explained 87.84% of the total variations; crown diameters ...
Purpose: The purposes of this research were to assess important traits and heterosis and to intro... more Purpose: The purposes of this research were to assess important traits and heterosis and to introduce superior hybrids of Iris germanica.Research method: 28 hybrids and seven parents of Iris rhizomatous were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC) from 2014 to 2018. Findings: Hybrid of oprc37 (cross of V5×V4) had a higher positive of heterosis in flower size, leaf width, and hybrid of oprc25 (V8×V6) in the inner tepal length and outer tepal width in superior parents compared to their parents. The highest heterosis was observed for the traits of peduncle length, peduncle diameter and crown diameter, respectively, in some hybrids of oprc20 (V2×V4) and oprc16 (V2×V5). Hybrids of oprc42 and oprc43 of the cross between I. spuria and I. germanica (V7×V2) in the most traits in superior parents and self-parents had higher positive of heterosis. It can be expected that these...
Purpose: The aims of this research were to collect reliable information about economic traits, in... more Purpose: The aims of this research were to collect reliable information about economic traits, introducing superior genotypes for production, exportation and breeding programs in new hybrids of gladiolus. Research Method: 48 promising genotypes with 4 parents of gladiolus evaluated on the basis of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Research Center in Mahallat from 2017-2018. Main findings: The results showed that the highest number of florets was observed in OPRC16 (19.0 florets) and the lowest in OPRC412, OPRC413, and OPRC99 (8.00 florets). The highest floret width of 12.00 cm was related to OPRC16 and the lowest of 7.00 cm to OPRC712. The longest spike was 71.00 cm observed in OPRC16 and the shortest was 33.00 cm observed in OPRC411. OPRC311 and OPRC61 exhibited the highest and lowest plant height of 210 and 132 cm, respectively. It was found that the flowers of the new hybrids were almost whitish in color. It...
Article history: Received 7 April 2013 Revised form 14 April 2013 Accepted 16 April 2013 Availabl... more Article history: Received 7 April 2013 Revised form 14 April 2013 Accepted 16 April 2013 Available online 25 July 2013 Grass is one of the most important plants in Poaceae family. The value of grass is due to beauty of landscape and uptake of pollutants, especially by heavy metals. Treatments on some morpho-physiological traits of turf sports’ varieties were performed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA). Salicylic acid as a natural compound with high ability increases the vegetative growth rate, electrolyte leakage, a, b and total chlorophyll, the color of winter and summer, relative water content, water deficit resistance, cold resistance and resistance to wearability. Therefore the application of growth regulators improves the quality and quantity of grass. 2013 KnowledgesPublisher Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gladiolus is one of the most important and popular cut-flower bulbous in Iran. The aim of this re... more Gladiolus is one of the most important and popular cut-flower bulbous in Iran. The aim of this research was to produce new, high-quality hybrids through hybridization. We generated two promising hybrids (OPRC16 and OPRC57) combination from the varieties “Amsterdam” and “White Prosperity”. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Research Center in Mahallat from 2014 to 2018. Values of Hm for traits were defined as the difference between the mid-F1 value and the mid-parent value, Mean Mid-parent Heterosis (MPH) or (Hmp) and High Parent Heterosis (HPH) or (Hsp). The results showed that the morphological analysis revealed the heredity and variation in the promising hybrids. The results for the hybrid OPRC16 showed that the Hm and Hmp values were negative for peduncle length but positive for other traits. The Hsp value was observed to be negative for the traits of peduncle length, leaf width, stem diameter, and cormels diameter, but it was positive for other traits. According to ...
Amaryllis is a bulbous flowering plant that has attracted many florists in Iran in recent years. ... more Amaryllis is a bulbous flowering plant that has attracted many florists in Iran in recent years. The present study aimed to explore genetic diversity and quantitative and qualitative yield of imported cultivars and promising genotypes of amaryllis. The research used 16 genotypes based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Ornamental Plants Research Center in Iran (2017-2018). Based on the guideline of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 17 major traits were selected to assess the genotypes. The differences in genotypes showed a wide diversity in all traits among them. The highest general heritability was observed in flowering period (93.86%) and leaf length (91.24%) and the lowest in the number of florets per branch (20.37%). Overall, most traits had high heritability. The highest number of flowering branches, flowering period, floret length, stalk diameter, leaf number, and leaf length were obtained from ‘Mosc...
Callus induction and plant regeneration are important steps of in vitro plant breeding of ornamen... more Callus induction and plant regeneration are important steps of in vitro plant breeding of ornamental plants. In this study, the effects of different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs), promoters, and minerals on callus induction and plant regeneration in different carnation cultivars were studied in a completely randomized design with three replications. For callus induction, 16 different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and casein hydrolysate (CH) were studied using in vitro leaf explants. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg·dm−3 of 2,4-D and 200 mg·dm−3 of CH showed the highest frequency of callus induction. Among the cultivars, ‘Noblesse’ showed the highest rate of callus induction (91.67%). Regarding regeneration, BA, NAA, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and adenine hemisulfate (As) were used in ten different combinations. The ‘Cameron’, ‘Tabasco’, and ‘Noblesse’ cultiva...
The research aimed to produce new genotypes by hybridization. It was conducted in the Ornamental ... more The research aimed to produce new genotypes by hybridization. It was conducted in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat from 2016 to 2018. Four varieties of gladiolus including ‘Amsterdam’, ‘White Prosperity’, ‘Advance Red’ and ‘Rose Supreme’ were chosen for hybridization. The progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest heritability in traits was estimated to be 98.46% for cormlet number and diameter and the lowest was 12.90% for crown diameter. These results indicate that most traits have a very low phenotypic and genetic diversity coefficient, indicating that they had lower environmental effects since the progenies were cultivated under similar and controlled conditions. The results of the factor analysis, based on the eight assessed traits, showed that the four factors accounted for 60.90% of the total variance. The first factor captured 22.80% of the variance and among its traits, crown diameter and leaf number ...
Iris belongs toIridaceae family and it is monocotyledon. Iris is one of the important ornamental ... more Iris belongs toIridaceae family and it is monocotyledon. Iris is one of the important ornamental and medicinal plants. 34 iris genotypes (14 species) collected from different provinces of Iran were planted at National Institute of Ornamental Plants (NIOP) Iran. All of the species evaluated for 15 quantitative traits and 30 qualitative traits. Results showed that the highest positive correlation was between inner tepal length and width and the lowest of this correlation was between crest length and width. Cluster analysis using Ward similarity coefficient divided Iris species into three clusters. Also the highest Nei’s genetic distance based on qualitative traits was between I. iberica and I. fosterana and the lowest was between I. germanica and I. paradoxa. The maximum genetic diversity was in Khorasan Razavi populations, and the minimum was in Khorasan (North). According to Shannon index, I. spuria and I. germanica species had the maximum level of genetic diversity. Cluster analys...
Pelargonium capitatum (rose pelargonium) is a plant indigenous to southern Africa, originally bro... more Pelargonium capitatum (rose pelargonium) is a plant indigenous to southern Africa, originally brought to Western Australia for its ornamental qualities. It has since become naturalized in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region, recognized for its high level of species endemism, where it is a serious invasive weed in bushlands and coastal dunes. Since P. capitatum outcompetes native species it is listed among the top 10 most important coastal weeds of the region (3). In 2008, large patches of stunted, dying, and dead P. capitatum plants were observed within a population covering coastal dunes at Woodman Point, Western Australia (GPS coordinates 32°07′40.51″S, 115°45′28.39″E). Diseased plants had small misshapen leaves in clumps that were often chlorotic or pink, shortened internodes, and exhibited phylloidy typical of infection by a phytoplasma. From August 2009 to January 2010, samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected from the site and from plants of an asy...
To produce new, high-quality offsprings, we generated two cross combinations in Iris germanica. T... more To produce new, high-quality offsprings, we generated two cross combinations in Iris germanica. Three parental plants were selected after preliminary screening of commercial traits in different cultivars. Fourteen quantitative traits mostly related to the flower organ were investigated on 15 progenies and three parental plants in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant positive and negative correlations were observed among different studied attributes at 0.01 and 0.05 probability. The highest positive (+0.86) and negative (-0.76) correlations was recorded between diameter of flowering branch with crown diameter as well as peduncle length, respectively. Cluster analysis using Ward’s method separated most of the progenies from the parental plants based on evaluated morphological characteristics. However, some of the progenies were grouped with their maternal parent. In PCA analysis, five factors explained 87.84% of the total variations; crown diameters ...
Purpose: The purposes of this research were to assess important traits and heterosis and to intro... more Purpose: The purposes of this research were to assess important traits and heterosis and to introduce superior hybrids of Iris germanica.Research method: 28 hybrids and seven parents of Iris rhizomatous were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC) from 2014 to 2018. Findings: Hybrid of oprc37 (cross of V5×V4) had a higher positive of heterosis in flower size, leaf width, and hybrid of oprc25 (V8×V6) in the inner tepal length and outer tepal width in superior parents compared to their parents. The highest heterosis was observed for the traits of peduncle length, peduncle diameter and crown diameter, respectively, in some hybrids of oprc20 (V2×V4) and oprc16 (V2×V5). Hybrids of oprc42 and oprc43 of the cross between I. spuria and I. germanica (V7×V2) in the most traits in superior parents and self-parents had higher positive of heterosis. It can be expected that these...
Purpose: The aims of this research were to collect reliable information about economic traits, in... more Purpose: The aims of this research were to collect reliable information about economic traits, introducing superior genotypes for production, exportation and breeding programs in new hybrids of gladiolus. Research Method: 48 promising genotypes with 4 parents of gladiolus evaluated on the basis of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Research Center in Mahallat from 2017-2018. Main findings: The results showed that the highest number of florets was observed in OPRC16 (19.0 florets) and the lowest in OPRC412, OPRC413, and OPRC99 (8.00 florets). The highest floret width of 12.00 cm was related to OPRC16 and the lowest of 7.00 cm to OPRC712. The longest spike was 71.00 cm observed in OPRC16 and the shortest was 33.00 cm observed in OPRC411. OPRC311 and OPRC61 exhibited the highest and lowest plant height of 210 and 132 cm, respectively. It was found that the flowers of the new hybrids were almost whitish in color. It...
Article history: Received 7 April 2013 Revised form 14 April 2013 Accepted 16 April 2013 Availabl... more Article history: Received 7 April 2013 Revised form 14 April 2013 Accepted 16 April 2013 Available online 25 July 2013 Grass is one of the most important plants in Poaceae family. The value of grass is due to beauty of landscape and uptake of pollutants, especially by heavy metals. Treatments on some morpho-physiological traits of turf sports’ varieties were performed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA). Salicylic acid as a natural compound with high ability increases the vegetative growth rate, electrolyte leakage, a, b and total chlorophyll, the color of winter and summer, relative water content, water deficit resistance, cold resistance and resistance to wearability. Therefore the application of growth regulators improves the quality and quantity of grass. 2013 KnowledgesPublisher Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gladiolus is one of the most important and popular cut-flower bulbous in Iran. The aim of this re... more Gladiolus is one of the most important and popular cut-flower bulbous in Iran. The aim of this research was to produce new, high-quality hybrids through hybridization. We generated two promising hybrids (OPRC16 and OPRC57) combination from the varieties “Amsterdam” and “White Prosperity”. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Research Center in Mahallat from 2014 to 2018. Values of Hm for traits were defined as the difference between the mid-F1 value and the mid-parent value, Mean Mid-parent Heterosis (MPH) or (Hmp) and High Parent Heterosis (HPH) or (Hsp). The results showed that the morphological analysis revealed the heredity and variation in the promising hybrids. The results for the hybrid OPRC16 showed that the Hm and Hmp values were negative for peduncle length but positive for other traits. The Hsp value was observed to be negative for the traits of peduncle length, leaf width, stem diameter, and cormels diameter, but it was positive for other traits. According to ...
Amaryllis is a bulbous flowering plant that has attracted many florists in Iran in recent years. ... more Amaryllis is a bulbous flowering plant that has attracted many florists in Iran in recent years. The present study aimed to explore genetic diversity and quantitative and qualitative yield of imported cultivars and promising genotypes of amaryllis. The research used 16 genotypes based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Ornamental Plants Research Center in Iran (2017-2018). Based on the guideline of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 17 major traits were selected to assess the genotypes. The differences in genotypes showed a wide diversity in all traits among them. The highest general heritability was observed in flowering period (93.86%) and leaf length (91.24%) and the lowest in the number of florets per branch (20.37%). Overall, most traits had high heritability. The highest number of flowering branches, flowering period, floret length, stalk diameter, leaf number, and leaf length were obtained from ‘Mosc...
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