The current study evaluates the measurement precision of the Abridged Big Five Circumplex (AB5C) ... more The current study evaluates the measurement precision of the Abridged Big Five Circumplex (AB5C) of personality traits by identifying those items that demonstrate differential item functioning by gender and ethnicity. Differential item functioning is found in 33 of 45 (73%) of the AB5C scales, across gender and ethnic groups (Caucasian vs. African American). More differential item functioning is found by ethnic groups compared with gender groups. The amount of differential item functioning found in these personality measures suggests the need to consider differential item functioning in the construction of measures. The authors encourage those using the AB5C measure to discard or reword these problematic items.
This article concerns the real-world importance of leadership for the success or failure of organ... more This article concerns the real-world importance of leadership for the success or failure of organizations and social institutions. The authors propose conceptualizing leadership and evaluating leaders in terms of the performance of the team or organization for which they are responsible. The authors next offer a taxonomy of the dependent variables used as criteria in leadership studies. A review of research using this taxonomy suggests that the vast empirical literature on leadership may tell us more about the success of individual managerial careers than the success of these people in leading groups, teams, and organizations. The authors then summarize the evidence showing that leaders do indeed affect the performance of organizations-for better or for worse-and conclude by describing the mechanisms through which they do so.
... on the basis of popular books lacking an empirical basis, including The Leadership Pipeline (... more ... on the basis of popular books lacking an empirical basis, including The Leadership Pipeline (Charan, Drotter, & Noel, 20019. Charan, R., Drotter ... Is the popular fascination with the Leadership Pipeline model and related best practices warranted by data, or is this just another fad ...
E xperimental and quasi-experimental approaches to evaluation are the focus of this chapter, and ... more E xperimental and quasi-experimental approaches to evaluation are the focus of this chapter, and they provide a structured means to think about designing evaluations. Though leadership development initiatives and quasiexperimental designs have both been around for decades, few published resources address the challenges of applying experimental or quasi-experimental designs to leadership development. Two challenges faced by many, if not all, evaluators of leadership development initiatives are (1) the need to measure changes in leadership or leadership outcomes-two complex and sometimes nebulous areas; and (2) determining the relationship between the leadership development initiative in question and the changes measured. Experimental and quasi-experimental approaches provide a means to address both challenges. Research and evaluation can be thought of as distinct but related activities. This chapter represents the overlap between research and evaluation and uses a research framework for thinking about evaluation. Research designs are typically categorized in one of three ways: nonexperimental, experimental, or quasi-experimental. Exhibit 1.1 illustrates the key elements of each design. Nonexperimental designs are observations about something without any intervention in what is being studied. Because there is no intervention in
Golembiewski, Billingsly, and Yeager (1976) conceptualized three distinct types of change that mi... more Golembiewski, Billingsly, and Yeager (1976) conceptualized three distinct types of change that might result from development interventions, called alpha, beta, and gamma change. Recent research has found that beta and gamma change do occur as hypothesized, but the phenomena are somewhat infrequent and the precise conditions under which they occur have not been established. This study used confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory to identify gamma and beta change on a multidimensional, multisource managerial performance appraisal instrument and to examine relations among the change types, training program content, and raters' implicit theories of performance. Results suggested that coverage in training was a necessary but not sufficient condition for beta and gamma change to occur. Further, although gamma change was detected only in the trainee group, beta change was detected in self-ratings from trainees and in ratings collected from their superiors. Because traine...
Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 2005
... for Creative Leadership for continuing its dedication to pro-moting research about management... more ... for Creative Leadership for continuing its dedication to pro-moting research about management develop-ment by providing the 360o feedback data and allowing us to reproduce sample items from their Benchmarks instrument. We also thank Stéphane Brutus for providing the ...
The current study evaluates the measurement precision of the Abridged Big Five Circumplex (AB5C) ... more The current study evaluates the measurement precision of the Abridged Big Five Circumplex (AB5C) of personality traits by identifying those items that demonstrate differential item functioning by gender and ethnicity. Differential item functioning is found in 33 of 45 (73%) of the AB5C scales, across gender and ethnic groups (Caucasian vs. African American). More differential item functioning is found by ethnic groups compared with gender groups. The amount of differential item functioning found in these personality measures suggests the need to consider differential item functioning in the construction of measures. The authors encourage those using the AB5C measure to discard or reword these problematic items.
This article concerns the real-world importance of leadership for the success or failure of organ... more This article concerns the real-world importance of leadership for the success or failure of organizations and social institutions. The authors propose conceptualizing leadership and evaluating leaders in terms of the performance of the team or organization for which they are responsible. The authors next offer a taxonomy of the dependent variables used as criteria in leadership studies. A review of research using this taxonomy suggests that the vast empirical literature on leadership may tell us more about the success of individual managerial careers than the success of these people in leading groups, teams, and organizations. The authors then summarize the evidence showing that leaders do indeed affect the performance of organizations-for better or for worse-and conclude by describing the mechanisms through which they do so.
... on the basis of popular books lacking an empirical basis, including The Leadership Pipeline (... more ... on the basis of popular books lacking an empirical basis, including The Leadership Pipeline (Charan, Drotter, & Noel, 20019. Charan, R., Drotter ... Is the popular fascination with the Leadership Pipeline model and related best practices warranted by data, or is this just another fad ...
E xperimental and quasi-experimental approaches to evaluation are the focus of this chapter, and ... more E xperimental and quasi-experimental approaches to evaluation are the focus of this chapter, and they provide a structured means to think about designing evaluations. Though leadership development initiatives and quasiexperimental designs have both been around for decades, few published resources address the challenges of applying experimental or quasi-experimental designs to leadership development. Two challenges faced by many, if not all, evaluators of leadership development initiatives are (1) the need to measure changes in leadership or leadership outcomes-two complex and sometimes nebulous areas; and (2) determining the relationship between the leadership development initiative in question and the changes measured. Experimental and quasi-experimental approaches provide a means to address both challenges. Research and evaluation can be thought of as distinct but related activities. This chapter represents the overlap between research and evaluation and uses a research framework for thinking about evaluation. Research designs are typically categorized in one of three ways: nonexperimental, experimental, or quasi-experimental. Exhibit 1.1 illustrates the key elements of each design. Nonexperimental designs are observations about something without any intervention in what is being studied. Because there is no intervention in
Golembiewski, Billingsly, and Yeager (1976) conceptualized three distinct types of change that mi... more Golembiewski, Billingsly, and Yeager (1976) conceptualized three distinct types of change that might result from development interventions, called alpha, beta, and gamma change. Recent research has found that beta and gamma change do occur as hypothesized, but the phenomena are somewhat infrequent and the precise conditions under which they occur have not been established. This study used confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory to identify gamma and beta change on a multidimensional, multisource managerial performance appraisal instrument and to examine relations among the change types, training program content, and raters' implicit theories of performance. Results suggested that coverage in training was a necessary but not sufficient condition for beta and gamma change to occur. Further, although gamma change was detected only in the trainee group, beta change was detected in self-ratings from trainees and in ratings collected from their superiors. Because traine...
Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 2005
... for Creative Leadership for continuing its dedication to pro-moting research about management... more ... for Creative Leadership for continuing its dedication to pro-moting research about management develop-ment by providing the 360o feedback data and allowing us to reproduce sample items from their Benchmarks instrument. We also thank Stéphane Brutus for providing the ...
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Papers by S. Bartholomew Craig