Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani Part (B- for Humanities), 2023
This study introduces a psychological analysis of the immigrants in Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners... more This study introduces a psychological analysis of the immigrants in Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners through the lens of Derek Parfit’s notion of identity. It examines the psychological predicaments of West Indian immigrants who migrated to London in the 1950s searching for a better life, but were subjected to racial discrimination, alienation, and sufferings, resulting in the loss of their own identities before gaining a new one. The immigrants find themselves confused and psychologically disturbed in the harsh and cold British society. Despite the racial abuse and discrimination metered against them, immigrants slowly coped with London life by adopting a new identity. The researcher has used Parfit’s perception of identity to examine the psychological sufferings that the immigrants faced in The Lonely Londoners. Through the characters, Selvon presents various colonial concepts, such as nostalgia, racism, and marginalization that impact immigrant’s mental states and identities. Keywords: Self-identity, Psychological connectedness, psychological continuity, Parfit’s theory
The History of humanity has widely witnessed violation of human rights during the wars and in the... more The History of humanity has widely witnessed violation of human rights during the wars and in the political, ethnic and religious disputes. Heartbreakingly, most of the victims are women and children. Females in general and underage girls are vulnerable to rape and sexual violence either to satisfy the lustful captors or to be used as ransom. Most awfully, in many cases, the fighting groups, terrorists and thugs target females as effective weapons against each other since in several societies women are regarded as the honor of the families, such as what happened to the Yazidi Kurds in Shangal, North of Iraq when ISIS terrorists attacked their city. The detainers think only of achieving their aims and never care about what will happen to the prey. This paper shows how the male captors rape and sexually abuse the female captives during their confinement, and more significantly to unveil how the trauma affects the victims after they get their freedom. What happens to a woman when she i...
The History of humanity has widely witnessed violation of human rights during the wars and in the... more The History of humanity has widely witnessed violation of human rights during the wars and in the political, ethnic and religious disputes. Heartbreakingly, most of the victims are women and children. Females in general and underage girls are vulnerable to rape and sexual violence either to satisfy the lustful captors or to be used as ransom. Most awfully, in many cases, the fighting groups, terrorists and thugs target females as effective weapons against each other since in several societies women are regarded as the honor of the families, such as what happened to the Yazidi Kurds in Shangal, North of Iraq when ISIS terrorists attacked their city. The detainers think only of achieving their aims and never care about what will happen to the prey. This paper shows how the male captors rape and sexually abuse the female captives during their confinement, and more significantly to unveil how the trauma affects the victims after they get their freedom. What happens to a woman when she is taken by a group of ruthless lustful men is expectable, but how she continues is incomprehensible. The study selects two novels An Untamed State by Roxane Gay (2014) and Parrot (Tutti) by Nabard Fouad (2015) which narrate the story of women abducted and raped by their abductors. The psychological battle the women suffer from does not end in the prison rooms, but it will continue and actually it will never end since the victims develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can never live a normal life thereafter. The sufferers are not criminals; they are mere victims of political and religious rage.
journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics, 2016
In natural conversation, people do not talk in sentences; fragmented speeches, slips of the tongu... more In natural conversation, people do not talk in sentences; fragmented speeches, slips of the tongue and repetition are common features of natural talk. In modern drama, the playwrights manipulate such techniques so that their texts will be close to audience or readers as much as possible. To understand this messy talk, people depend on personal context and cognitive context. Simpson (2004) clarifies that dialogue occurs in context and he divides context into three types: physical context, the actual setting in which interaction takes place; personal context, refers to the social and personal relationships of the interactants to one another, and cognitive context which refers to the shared and background knowledge held by participants in interaction. It is true that any interaction is affected by these three aspects of context at various rates, but the aim of this paper is to highlight the role of personal and cognitive contexts in making characters or members of a family understand e...
International journal of humanities and social sciences, 2016
This paper is a critical study of “1984”, a novel by George Orwell. It specifically aims to study... more This paper is a critical study of “1984”, a novel by George Orwell. It specifically aims to study how language is used by the dominant authority in the fiction to oppress and to exert power over the population in the country. The analysis focuses on how the totalitarian system limits conversations and prevents freedom of speech through imposing on the characters to speak a language which is strange to them and very limited in terms of vocabulary. To achieve this objective, the study will focus on the sentences and paragraphs which show how language is used to frighten and oppress people. In certain cases, the dialogues which occur between the characters will be explored so as to clearly manifest the role of language in controlling the actions and the minds of the population. To manifest the relationship between language and power, the analysis is conducted within the framework of stylistics and critical discourse analysis. The researcher explores the linguistic features in some para...
Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This paper explores imagism and studies the intrinsic literary features of some poems to show how... more This paper explores imagism and studies the intrinsic literary features of some poems to show how the authors combine all the elements such as style, sentence structure, figures of speech and poetic diction to paint concrete and abstract images in the mind of the readers. Imagism was an early 20th century literary movement and a reaction against the Romantic and Victorian mainstreams. Imagism is known as an Anglo-American literary movement since it borrows from the English and American verse style of modern poetry. The leaders of the movement set some rules for writing imagist poems. The authors of the group believed that poets are like painters; what the painters can do with brush and dye, poets can do it with language i.e. painting pictures with words. The poems are descriptive; the poets capture the images they experience with one or more of the five senses. They believed that readers could see the realities from their eyes because the texts are like a painting. In this paper, si...
The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia , 2018
Abstract
In Jungian Psychology, Ego death is known as psychic death. It simply means that the pe... more Abstract In Jungian Psychology, Ego death is known as psychic death. It simply means that the person improves his/her past life and makes radical changes in it as if he was born again; he goes from one stage to another to start life anew. This transformation of the psych is crucial for human beings to rebuild their lives if the ego death is positive. In this case, mind will become a tabula rasa and the persons can design a beautiful future on it. Unfortunately, the metamorphosis or the ego death in Ionesco’s Rhinoceros is mostly negative. The characters, except Berenger, become rhinoceroses; they lose their subjective identity one after another. Their change is not to return to their pure origin as human beings but to become a dangerous beast. The characters know the conversion is epidemic; yet they do not resist it. On the contrary, they go out and some of them happily receive it, like Daisy. They admire their new form and are happy with it as if being an animal was better than being a man in the current status. This study shows that humanity is in danger and also clarifies that human beings are fed up with being humans. They take new forms and risk man values and features hoping that they can find a meaning for their lives, but they fail. Almost all the characters, cattle-like, follow the bad norm, but Berenger refuses to surrender and embrace the transformation since he believes that it is better to change the essence not the form. He saves his self-identity while others are losing theirs, though it is very hard.
This paper is an attempt in the field of feminist stylistics approach to explore the stylistic de... more This paper is an attempt in the field of feminist stylistics approach to explore the stylistic devices employed by Maya Angelou in (And Still I Rise, Phenomenal Woman and Woman Work). The purpose is to uncover how she used language to defy the problems that women face and how she presented her own identity. Angelou expressed herself in her poetry and the medium to convey that self-image is language. Thus, the analyses of the poems were conducted depending on the feminist stylistics approach proposed by Sara Mills (1995) and an eclectic approach which draws upon the previous works on stylistics and pragmatics. According to Mills (1995), the purpose of the feminist stylistic study is to display how gender is represented in a literary text, and to detect the reasons which push the author to express herself in a particular way. Scrutinizing the poems at the levels of words, sentences and discourse showed that Angelou employed linguistics devices to defend herself, to create her identity and to display who she is.
Abstract This paper is a critical study of “1984”, a novel by George Orwell. It specifically aims... more Abstract This paper is a critical study of “1984”, a novel by George Orwell. It specifically aims to study how language is used by the dominant authority in the fiction to oppress and to exert power over the population in the country. The analysis focuses on how the totalitarian system limits conversations and prevents freedom of speech through imposing on the characters to speak a language which is strange to them and very limited in terms of vocabulary. To achieve this objective, the study will focus on the sentences and paragraphs which show how language is used to frighten and oppress people. In certain cases, the dialogues which occur between the characters will be explored so as to clearly manifest the role of language in controlling the actions and the minds of the population. To manifest the relationship between language and power, the analysis is conducted within the framework of stylistics and critical discourse analysis. The researcher explores the linguistic features in some paragraphs and dialogues selected from the entire text so as to show how the government of Oceania controls the minds and actions of its inhabitants. Through such a framework of analysis, the thesis concludes that the totalitarian government manipulates language to dominate people, and language is not a social practice but it has political dimensions and regarded as a threat to the government if people can use it freely. Keywords: 1984, stylistics, critical discourse analysis, language, power
Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani Part (B- for Humanities), 2023
This study introduces a psychological analysis of the immigrants in Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners... more This study introduces a psychological analysis of the immigrants in Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners through the lens of Derek Parfit’s notion of identity. It examines the psychological predicaments of West Indian immigrants who migrated to London in the 1950s searching for a better life, but were subjected to racial discrimination, alienation, and sufferings, resulting in the loss of their own identities before gaining a new one. The immigrants find themselves confused and psychologically disturbed in the harsh and cold British society. Despite the racial abuse and discrimination metered against them, immigrants slowly coped with London life by adopting a new identity. The researcher has used Parfit’s perception of identity to examine the psychological sufferings that the immigrants faced in The Lonely Londoners. Through the characters, Selvon presents various colonial concepts, such as nostalgia, racism, and marginalization that impact immigrant’s mental states and identities. Keywords: Self-identity, Psychological connectedness, psychological continuity, Parfit’s theory
The History of humanity has widely witnessed violation of human rights during the wars and in the... more The History of humanity has widely witnessed violation of human rights during the wars and in the political, ethnic and religious disputes. Heartbreakingly, most of the victims are women and children. Females in general and underage girls are vulnerable to rape and sexual violence either to satisfy the lustful captors or to be used as ransom. Most awfully, in many cases, the fighting groups, terrorists and thugs target females as effective weapons against each other since in several societies women are regarded as the honor of the families, such as what happened to the Yazidi Kurds in Shangal, North of Iraq when ISIS terrorists attacked their city. The detainers think only of achieving their aims and never care about what will happen to the prey. This paper shows how the male captors rape and sexually abuse the female captives during their confinement, and more significantly to unveil how the trauma affects the victims after they get their freedom. What happens to a woman when she i...
The History of humanity has widely witnessed violation of human rights during the wars and in the... more The History of humanity has widely witnessed violation of human rights during the wars and in the political, ethnic and religious disputes. Heartbreakingly, most of the victims are women and children. Females in general and underage girls are vulnerable to rape and sexual violence either to satisfy the lustful captors or to be used as ransom. Most awfully, in many cases, the fighting groups, terrorists and thugs target females as effective weapons against each other since in several societies women are regarded as the honor of the families, such as what happened to the Yazidi Kurds in Shangal, North of Iraq when ISIS terrorists attacked their city. The detainers think only of achieving their aims and never care about what will happen to the prey. This paper shows how the male captors rape and sexually abuse the female captives during their confinement, and more significantly to unveil how the trauma affects the victims after they get their freedom. What happens to a woman when she is taken by a group of ruthless lustful men is expectable, but how she continues is incomprehensible. The study selects two novels An Untamed State by Roxane Gay (2014) and Parrot (Tutti) by Nabard Fouad (2015) which narrate the story of women abducted and raped by their abductors. The psychological battle the women suffer from does not end in the prison rooms, but it will continue and actually it will never end since the victims develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can never live a normal life thereafter. The sufferers are not criminals; they are mere victims of political and religious rage.
journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics, 2016
In natural conversation, people do not talk in sentences; fragmented speeches, slips of the tongu... more In natural conversation, people do not talk in sentences; fragmented speeches, slips of the tongue and repetition are common features of natural talk. In modern drama, the playwrights manipulate such techniques so that their texts will be close to audience or readers as much as possible. To understand this messy talk, people depend on personal context and cognitive context. Simpson (2004) clarifies that dialogue occurs in context and he divides context into three types: physical context, the actual setting in which interaction takes place; personal context, refers to the social and personal relationships of the interactants to one another, and cognitive context which refers to the shared and background knowledge held by participants in interaction. It is true that any interaction is affected by these three aspects of context at various rates, but the aim of this paper is to highlight the role of personal and cognitive contexts in making characters or members of a family understand e...
International journal of humanities and social sciences, 2016
This paper is a critical study of “1984”, a novel by George Orwell. It specifically aims to study... more This paper is a critical study of “1984”, a novel by George Orwell. It specifically aims to study how language is used by the dominant authority in the fiction to oppress and to exert power over the population in the country. The analysis focuses on how the totalitarian system limits conversations and prevents freedom of speech through imposing on the characters to speak a language which is strange to them and very limited in terms of vocabulary. To achieve this objective, the study will focus on the sentences and paragraphs which show how language is used to frighten and oppress people. In certain cases, the dialogues which occur between the characters will be explored so as to clearly manifest the role of language in controlling the actions and the minds of the population. To manifest the relationship between language and power, the analysis is conducted within the framework of stylistics and critical discourse analysis. The researcher explores the linguistic features in some para...
Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This paper explores imagism and studies the intrinsic literary features of some poems to show how... more This paper explores imagism and studies the intrinsic literary features of some poems to show how the authors combine all the elements such as style, sentence structure, figures of speech and poetic diction to paint concrete and abstract images in the mind of the readers. Imagism was an early 20th century literary movement and a reaction against the Romantic and Victorian mainstreams. Imagism is known as an Anglo-American literary movement since it borrows from the English and American verse style of modern poetry. The leaders of the movement set some rules for writing imagist poems. The authors of the group believed that poets are like painters; what the painters can do with brush and dye, poets can do it with language i.e. painting pictures with words. The poems are descriptive; the poets capture the images they experience with one or more of the five senses. They believed that readers could see the realities from their eyes because the texts are like a painting. In this paper, si...
The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia , 2018
Abstract
In Jungian Psychology, Ego death is known as psychic death. It simply means that the pe... more Abstract In Jungian Psychology, Ego death is known as psychic death. It simply means that the person improves his/her past life and makes radical changes in it as if he was born again; he goes from one stage to another to start life anew. This transformation of the psych is crucial for human beings to rebuild their lives if the ego death is positive. In this case, mind will become a tabula rasa and the persons can design a beautiful future on it. Unfortunately, the metamorphosis or the ego death in Ionesco’s Rhinoceros is mostly negative. The characters, except Berenger, become rhinoceroses; they lose their subjective identity one after another. Their change is not to return to their pure origin as human beings but to become a dangerous beast. The characters know the conversion is epidemic; yet they do not resist it. On the contrary, they go out and some of them happily receive it, like Daisy. They admire their new form and are happy with it as if being an animal was better than being a man in the current status. This study shows that humanity is in danger and also clarifies that human beings are fed up with being humans. They take new forms and risk man values and features hoping that they can find a meaning for their lives, but they fail. Almost all the characters, cattle-like, follow the bad norm, but Berenger refuses to surrender and embrace the transformation since he believes that it is better to change the essence not the form. He saves his self-identity while others are losing theirs, though it is very hard.
This paper is an attempt in the field of feminist stylistics approach to explore the stylistic de... more This paper is an attempt in the field of feminist stylistics approach to explore the stylistic devices employed by Maya Angelou in (And Still I Rise, Phenomenal Woman and Woman Work). The purpose is to uncover how she used language to defy the problems that women face and how she presented her own identity. Angelou expressed herself in her poetry and the medium to convey that self-image is language. Thus, the analyses of the poems were conducted depending on the feminist stylistics approach proposed by Sara Mills (1995) and an eclectic approach which draws upon the previous works on stylistics and pragmatics. According to Mills (1995), the purpose of the feminist stylistic study is to display how gender is represented in a literary text, and to detect the reasons which push the author to express herself in a particular way. Scrutinizing the poems at the levels of words, sentences and discourse showed that Angelou employed linguistics devices to defend herself, to create her identity and to display who she is.
Abstract This paper is a critical study of “1984”, a novel by George Orwell. It specifically aims... more Abstract This paper is a critical study of “1984”, a novel by George Orwell. It specifically aims to study how language is used by the dominant authority in the fiction to oppress and to exert power over the population in the country. The analysis focuses on how the totalitarian system limits conversations and prevents freedom of speech through imposing on the characters to speak a language which is strange to them and very limited in terms of vocabulary. To achieve this objective, the study will focus on the sentences and paragraphs which show how language is used to frighten and oppress people. In certain cases, the dialogues which occur between the characters will be explored so as to clearly manifest the role of language in controlling the actions and the minds of the population. To manifest the relationship between language and power, the analysis is conducted within the framework of stylistics and critical discourse analysis. The researcher explores the linguistic features in some paragraphs and dialogues selected from the entire text so as to show how the government of Oceania controls the minds and actions of its inhabitants. Through such a framework of analysis, the thesis concludes that the totalitarian government manipulates language to dominate people, and language is not a social practice but it has political dimensions and regarded as a threat to the government if people can use it freely. Keywords: 1984, stylistics, critical discourse analysis, language, power
Uploads
Papers by bakhtiar hama
psychological predicaments of West Indian immigrants who migrated to London in the 1950s
searching for a better life, but were subjected to racial discrimination, alienation, and
sufferings, resulting in the loss of their own identities before gaining a new one. The immigrants
find themselves confused and psychologically disturbed in the harsh and cold British society.
Despite the racial abuse and discrimination metered against them, immigrants slowly coped
with London life by adopting a new identity. The researcher has used Parfit’s perception of identity to examine the psychological sufferings that the immigrants faced in The Lonely Londoners. Through the characters, Selvon presents various colonial concepts, such as nostalgia, racism, and marginalization that impact immigrant’s mental states and identities.
Keywords: Self-identity, Psychological connectedness, psychological continuity, Parfit’s theory
Keywords: political rage, sexual abuse, ISIS, Yazidi, PTSD
http://164.92.235.147/index.php/ka/article/view/32
In Jungian Psychology, Ego death is known as psychic death. It simply means that the person improves his/her past life and makes radical changes in it as if he was born again; he goes from one stage to another to start life anew. This transformation of the psych is crucial for human beings to rebuild their lives if the ego death is positive. In this case, mind will become a tabula rasa and the persons can design a beautiful future on it. Unfortunately, the metamorphosis or the ego death in Ionesco’s Rhinoceros is mostly negative. The characters, except Berenger, become rhinoceroses; they lose their subjective identity one after another. Their change is not to return to their pure origin as human beings but to become a dangerous beast. The characters know the conversion is epidemic; yet they do not resist it. On the contrary, they go out and some of them happily receive it, like Daisy. They admire their new form and are happy with it as if being an animal was better than being a man
in the current status. This study shows that humanity is in danger and also clarifies that human beings are fed up with being humans. They take new forms and risk man values and features hoping that
they can find a meaning for their lives, but they fail. Almost all the characters, cattle-like, follow the bad norm, but Berenger refuses to surrender and embrace the transformation since he believes that it
is better to change the essence not the form. He saves his self-identity while others are losing theirs, though it is very hard.
psychological predicaments of West Indian immigrants who migrated to London in the 1950s
searching for a better life, but were subjected to racial discrimination, alienation, and
sufferings, resulting in the loss of their own identities before gaining a new one. The immigrants
find themselves confused and psychologically disturbed in the harsh and cold British society.
Despite the racial abuse and discrimination metered against them, immigrants slowly coped
with London life by adopting a new identity. The researcher has used Parfit’s perception of identity to examine the psychological sufferings that the immigrants faced in The Lonely Londoners. Through the characters, Selvon presents various colonial concepts, such as nostalgia, racism, and marginalization that impact immigrant’s mental states and identities.
Keywords: Self-identity, Psychological connectedness, psychological continuity, Parfit’s theory
Keywords: political rage, sexual abuse, ISIS, Yazidi, PTSD
http://164.92.235.147/index.php/ka/article/view/32
In Jungian Psychology, Ego death is known as psychic death. It simply means that the person improves his/her past life and makes radical changes in it as if he was born again; he goes from one stage to another to start life anew. This transformation of the psych is crucial for human beings to rebuild their lives if the ego death is positive. In this case, mind will become a tabula rasa and the persons can design a beautiful future on it. Unfortunately, the metamorphosis or the ego death in Ionesco’s Rhinoceros is mostly negative. The characters, except Berenger, become rhinoceroses; they lose their subjective identity one after another. Their change is not to return to their pure origin as human beings but to become a dangerous beast. The characters know the conversion is epidemic; yet they do not resist it. On the contrary, they go out and some of them happily receive it, like Daisy. They admire their new form and are happy with it as if being an animal was better than being a man
in the current status. This study shows that humanity is in danger and also clarifies that human beings are fed up with being humans. They take new forms and risk man values and features hoping that
they can find a meaning for their lives, but they fail. Almost all the characters, cattle-like, follow the bad norm, but Berenger refuses to surrender and embrace the transformation since he believes that it
is better to change the essence not the form. He saves his self-identity while others are losing theirs, though it is very hard.