Australian journal of mechanical engineering, Dec 15, 2017
Abstract In order to balance a rotor, the standard rotor balancing methods involve measurement of... more Abstract In order to balance a rotor, the standard rotor balancing methods involve measurement of vibration amplitude and vibration phase angle. But accurate phase angle measurement is generally difficult because vibration phase is sensitive to speed variations and it is difficult to maintain a constant speed in operating condition. Also, phase angle measurement requires very high end instrumentation for accurate phase angle measurement. Number of trial runs during balancing process also plays an important criterion in deciding the effectiveness of that method. A Method is considered to be more effective if it balances a rotor in less number of trial runs. This paper presents a novel rotor balancing method called amplitude subtraction method in which vibration amplitudes are measured only. Performance of this method is analysed by a comparative study with phase angle based rotor balancing method (trim balancing method). Trim balancing and amplitude subtraction method are compared on the basis of its accuracy and number of trial runs during balancing process. The results of experimentation demonstrate successful implementation of proposed method.
Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Mar 17, 2017
Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turb... more Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turbo-machinery. Vibrations generated due to unbalance rotor is considered as one of the major factors that can lead to accelerating degradation of machine components or even catastrophic failure, especially at high speed where reliability is important consideration. Rotor unbalance may result due to error in manufacturing process, wear and tear of rotating component, thermal deformations, deposition of material on rotor surface etc. There are various static and dynamic balancing methods depending upon type of rotor. Different methods of rotor balancing require different trial runs (number of times the machine has to stop) so as to place trial weights and measure vibration amplitude. Any method which balances the rotor in less number of trials is considered to be the efficient one, because stopping machine results in more energy consumption and reduction in machine life. This paper reviews the various methods of static and dynamic balancing of rotor and effect of rotor speed on its balancing. Cite this Article Singh Konal I, Saket Kolhe, Bhende Amit R. Static and Dynamic Balancing of Rotating Machineries in the Field: A Review. Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(1): 40–46p.
Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, Jun 30, 2020
Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and powertrain. It... more Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and powertrain. It is a challenge to design a good suspension system and vibration absorber which isolates the driver/rider from the induced vibrations. The principle aim of a vehicle’s suspension system/vibration absorber is to isolate the occupant from the induced disturbances, while still allowing the average driver to maintain control over the vehicle and drive it safely. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the vibrations in motorcycle handlebar and modify handlebar to reduce the vibration for good ride comfort without affecting its handling. Motorcycle with an under square engine is selected for the experimentation. The under square engine has more stoke length than bore diameter, and hence, it is more susceptible to generate vibrations. A tuned mass damper system is designed and developed to attenuate handlebar vibrations. The results of investigation show vibration attenuation from 23 to 66% at various cases. The effect of tuned mass damper is substantially visible at higher engine RPM, and hence, proper modification of handlebar becomes essential in case of high revving application.
Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring
Vehicle comfort has become a buzzword in the automobile sector and continuous research is going o... more Vehicle comfort has become a buzzword in the automobile sector and continuous research is going on in this domain. Every automobile manufacturer would like to take the lead in vehicle comfort so as to attract more customers. Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) testing is very important for improving the driving comfort of a vehicle. Driving comfort is directly related to the driving ability and health of the driver. Many international organisations have laid down guidelines for measuring driving comfort and categorise it in a range from comfortable to extremely uncomfortable. The present study adopts an experimental approach to determine the driving comfort in all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) by measuring frequency-weighted root-mean-square (RMS) accelerations at all the driver contact points in three mutually perpendicular directions as per the guidelines laid down in ISO 2631-1:1997 and ISO 5349-1:2001. The low-amplitude high-frequency engine vibrations are attenuated by performing tr...
Dynamic properties of engine isolators are of significant importance in determining the performan... more Dynamic properties of engine isolators are of significant importance in determining the performance of the isolator and precise prediction of the dynamic behavior at the design stage. Unfortunately, the damping property can not be deduced deterministically from other structural properties because it is highly dependent on dynamic shear properties such as frequency and temperature of material under application. Generally damping properties are determined from experiments conducted on the desired setup. Many times, designers use the damping property data available in literature. Such data may not be recommended for development of predictive models for dynamic behavior. This paper presents a novel method of determination of damping property of the engine isolator. The method is called two-way isolator excitation method (TWIEM). The damping property is determined by excitation of the isolator for active and passive transmissibility. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the vibration ...
Two-plane balancing is required for a rotor whose length is greater than its diameter. Balancing ... more Two-plane balancing is required for a rotor whose length is greater than its diameter. Balancing such a rotor is tricky, since the effects of unbalanced forces on both the planes need to be considered in determining the corrective action. This article presents a method of dynamic balancing of a two-plane rotor without the need to measure the phase angle. The rotor is balanced by measuring vibration amplitudes at the support bearing of the rotor shaft. A new rotor balancing method of amplitude subtraction is used to calculate the balancing weights and their positions on the rotor. The advantages of this method over the phase angle measurement method are also discussed in the article.
Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017
Abstract In order to balance a rotor, the standard rotor balancing methods involve measurement of... more Abstract In order to balance a rotor, the standard rotor balancing methods involve measurement of vibration amplitude and vibration phase angle. But accurate phase angle measurement is generally difficult because vibration phase is sensitive to speed variations and it is difficult to maintain a constant speed in operating condition. Also, phase angle measurement requires very high end instrumentation for accurate phase angle measurement. Number of trial runs during balancing process also plays an important criterion in deciding the effectiveness of that method. A Method is considered to be more effective if it balances a rotor in less number of trial runs. This paper presents a novel rotor balancing method called amplitude subtraction method in which vibration amplitudes are measured only. Performance of this method is analysed by a comparative study with phase angle based rotor balancing method (trim balancing method). Trim balancing and amplitude subtraction method are compared on the basis of its accuracy and number of trial runs during balancing process. The results of experimentation demonstrate successful implementation of proposed method.
In case of fire hazards, it is observed that a large amount of time is required to extinguish fir... more In case of fire hazards, it is observed that a large amount of time is required to extinguish fire due to long distance between the place of the fire point and water monitor. This leads to wastage of huge amount of water. It is impossible to take water monitor closer to fire point because of high temperature. Hence, the fire fighting efficiency is very less, as it requires delivery of water at right time, right place and in adequate quantity. To reduce the distance between water monitor and place of the fire, a new fire fighting water trailer is developed by the authors. The trailer uses pressurized water to move forward taking into account the property like straitening, elongation and buckling of hose. When the water is pumped, then the pushing force is developed due to straightening property of the fire hose. This helps in taking the trailer closer to the fire point. This paper presents the study of behavior of the trailer material subjected to high temperature. The response of th...
Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turb... more Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turbo-machinery. Vibrations generated due to unbalance rotor is considered as one of the major factors that can lead to accelerating degradation of machine components or even catastrophic failure, especially at high speed where reliability is important consideration. Rotor unbalance may result due to error in manufacturing process, wear and tear of rotating component, thermal deformations, deposition of material on rotor surface etc. There are various static and dynamic balancing methods depending upon type of rotor. Different methods of rotor balancing require different trial runs (number of times the machine has to stop) so as to place trial weights and measure vibration amplitude. Any method which balances the rotor in less number of trials is considered to be the efficient one, because stopping machine results in more energy consumption and reduction in machine life. This paper re...
It is a critical process to determine the response of rolling element bearing vibration using dyn... more It is a critical process to determine the response of rolling element bearing vibration using dynamic behavior analysis. Rolling element bearing works on the principal of transmission of load from moving race to stationary race. Generally outer race is fixed and load transmission takes place from inner race to outer race. In rolling bearing analytical formulation, the contact between rolling element and raceways is considered as nonlinear springs and their stiffness are obtained by using Hertzian elastic contact deformation theory. The implicit type numerical integration technique is used to solve the nonlinear differential equations iteratively. This paper presents the effect of internal radial clearance on rolling element bearing vibrations. Out of four fundamental bearing frequencies, ball passage frequency is predominant to show the effect of vibration. Ball passage frequencies are found to be reduced considerably, if the bearing internal radial clearance is selected as per the ...
Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and powertrain. It... more Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and powertrain. It is a challenge to design a good suspension system and vibration absorber which isolates the driver/rider from the induced vibrations. The principle aim of a vehicle’s suspension system/vibration absorber is to isolate the occupant from the induced disturbances, while still allowing the average driver to maintain control over the vehicle and drive it safely. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the vibrations in motorcycle handlebar and modify handlebar to reduce the vibration for good ride comfort without affecting its handling. Motorcycle with an under square engine is selected for the experimentation. The under square engine has more stoke length than bore diameter, and hence, it is more susceptible to generate vibrations. A tuned mass damper system is designed and developed to attenuate handlebar vibrations. The results of investigation show vibration attenuation from 2...
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2017
Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turbo... more Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turbo-machinery. Vibrations generated due to unbalance rotor is considered as one of the major factors that can lead to accelerating degradation of machine components or even catastrophic failure especially at high speed where reliability is important consideration. Rotor unbalance may result due to error in manufacturing process, wear and tear of rotating component, thermal deformations, deposition of material on rotor surface etc. There are various static and dynamic balancing methods depending upon type of rotor. Different methods of rotor balancing requires different trial runs (number of times the machine has to stop) so as to place trial weights and measure vibration amplitude. This paper studies the number of trial runs required in various rotor balancing methods in static and dynamic condition. Any method which balances the rotor in less number of trials is considered to be the effici...
The bearing reliability plays major role in obtaining the desired performance of any machine. A c... more The bearing reliability plays major role in obtaining the desired performance of any machine. A continuous condition monitoring of machine is required in certain applications where failure of machine leads to loss of production, human safety and precision. Machine faults are often linked to the bearing faults. Condition monitoring of machine involves continuous watch on the performance of bearings and predicting the faults of bearing before it cause any adversity. This paper investigates an experimental study to diagnose the fault while bearing is in operation. An acoustic emission technique is used in the experimentation. An algorithm is developed to process various types of signals generated from different bearing defects. The algorithm uses time domain analysis along with combination low frequency analysis technique such as fast Fourier transform and high frequency envelope detection. Two methods have adopted for envelope detection which are Hilbert transform and order analysis. ...
Australian journal of mechanical engineering, Dec 15, 2017
Abstract In order to balance a rotor, the standard rotor balancing methods involve measurement of... more Abstract In order to balance a rotor, the standard rotor balancing methods involve measurement of vibration amplitude and vibration phase angle. But accurate phase angle measurement is generally difficult because vibration phase is sensitive to speed variations and it is difficult to maintain a constant speed in operating condition. Also, phase angle measurement requires very high end instrumentation for accurate phase angle measurement. Number of trial runs during balancing process also plays an important criterion in deciding the effectiveness of that method. A Method is considered to be more effective if it balances a rotor in less number of trial runs. This paper presents a novel rotor balancing method called amplitude subtraction method in which vibration amplitudes are measured only. Performance of this method is analysed by a comparative study with phase angle based rotor balancing method (trim balancing method). Trim balancing and amplitude subtraction method are compared on the basis of its accuracy and number of trial runs during balancing process. The results of experimentation demonstrate successful implementation of proposed method.
Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Mar 17, 2017
Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turb... more Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turbo-machinery. Vibrations generated due to unbalance rotor is considered as one of the major factors that can lead to accelerating degradation of machine components or even catastrophic failure, especially at high speed where reliability is important consideration. Rotor unbalance may result due to error in manufacturing process, wear and tear of rotating component, thermal deformations, deposition of material on rotor surface etc. There are various static and dynamic balancing methods depending upon type of rotor. Different methods of rotor balancing require different trial runs (number of times the machine has to stop) so as to place trial weights and measure vibration amplitude. Any method which balances the rotor in less number of trials is considered to be the efficient one, because stopping machine results in more energy consumption and reduction in machine life. This paper reviews the various methods of static and dynamic balancing of rotor and effect of rotor speed on its balancing. Cite this Article Singh Konal I, Saket Kolhe, Bhende Amit R. Static and Dynamic Balancing of Rotating Machineries in the Field: A Review. Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology. 2017; 7(1): 40–46p.
Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, Jun 30, 2020
Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and powertrain. It... more Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and powertrain. It is a challenge to design a good suspension system and vibration absorber which isolates the driver/rider from the induced vibrations. The principle aim of a vehicle’s suspension system/vibration absorber is to isolate the occupant from the induced disturbances, while still allowing the average driver to maintain control over the vehicle and drive it safely. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the vibrations in motorcycle handlebar and modify handlebar to reduce the vibration for good ride comfort without affecting its handling. Motorcycle with an under square engine is selected for the experimentation. The under square engine has more stoke length than bore diameter, and hence, it is more susceptible to generate vibrations. A tuned mass damper system is designed and developed to attenuate handlebar vibrations. The results of investigation show vibration attenuation from 23 to 66% at various cases. The effect of tuned mass damper is substantially visible at higher engine RPM, and hence, proper modification of handlebar becomes essential in case of high revving application.
Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring
Vehicle comfort has become a buzzword in the automobile sector and continuous research is going o... more Vehicle comfort has become a buzzword in the automobile sector and continuous research is going on in this domain. Every automobile manufacturer would like to take the lead in vehicle comfort so as to attract more customers. Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) testing is very important for improving the driving comfort of a vehicle. Driving comfort is directly related to the driving ability and health of the driver. Many international organisations have laid down guidelines for measuring driving comfort and categorise it in a range from comfortable to extremely uncomfortable. The present study adopts an experimental approach to determine the driving comfort in all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) by measuring frequency-weighted root-mean-square (RMS) accelerations at all the driver contact points in three mutually perpendicular directions as per the guidelines laid down in ISO 2631-1:1997 and ISO 5349-1:2001. The low-amplitude high-frequency engine vibrations are attenuated by performing tr...
Dynamic properties of engine isolators are of significant importance in determining the performan... more Dynamic properties of engine isolators are of significant importance in determining the performance of the isolator and precise prediction of the dynamic behavior at the design stage. Unfortunately, the damping property can not be deduced deterministically from other structural properties because it is highly dependent on dynamic shear properties such as frequency and temperature of material under application. Generally damping properties are determined from experiments conducted on the desired setup. Many times, designers use the damping property data available in literature. Such data may not be recommended for development of predictive models for dynamic behavior. This paper presents a novel method of determination of damping property of the engine isolator. The method is called two-way isolator excitation method (TWIEM). The damping property is determined by excitation of the isolator for active and passive transmissibility. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the vibration ...
Two-plane balancing is required for a rotor whose length is greater than its diameter. Balancing ... more Two-plane balancing is required for a rotor whose length is greater than its diameter. Balancing such a rotor is tricky, since the effects of unbalanced forces on both the planes need to be considered in determining the corrective action. This article presents a method of dynamic balancing of a two-plane rotor without the need to measure the phase angle. The rotor is balanced by measuring vibration amplitudes at the support bearing of the rotor shaft. A new rotor balancing method of amplitude subtraction is used to calculate the balancing weights and their positions on the rotor. The advantages of this method over the phase angle measurement method are also discussed in the article.
Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017
Abstract In order to balance a rotor, the standard rotor balancing methods involve measurement of... more Abstract In order to balance a rotor, the standard rotor balancing methods involve measurement of vibration amplitude and vibration phase angle. But accurate phase angle measurement is generally difficult because vibration phase is sensitive to speed variations and it is difficult to maintain a constant speed in operating condition. Also, phase angle measurement requires very high end instrumentation for accurate phase angle measurement. Number of trial runs during balancing process also plays an important criterion in deciding the effectiveness of that method. A Method is considered to be more effective if it balances a rotor in less number of trial runs. This paper presents a novel rotor balancing method called amplitude subtraction method in which vibration amplitudes are measured only. Performance of this method is analysed by a comparative study with phase angle based rotor balancing method (trim balancing method). Trim balancing and amplitude subtraction method are compared on the basis of its accuracy and number of trial runs during balancing process. The results of experimentation demonstrate successful implementation of proposed method.
In case of fire hazards, it is observed that a large amount of time is required to extinguish fir... more In case of fire hazards, it is observed that a large amount of time is required to extinguish fire due to long distance between the place of the fire point and water monitor. This leads to wastage of huge amount of water. It is impossible to take water monitor closer to fire point because of high temperature. Hence, the fire fighting efficiency is very less, as it requires delivery of water at right time, right place and in adequate quantity. To reduce the distance between water monitor and place of the fire, a new fire fighting water trailer is developed by the authors. The trailer uses pressurized water to move forward taking into account the property like straitening, elongation and buckling of hose. When the water is pumped, then the pushing force is developed due to straightening property of the fire hose. This helps in taking the trailer closer to the fire point. This paper presents the study of behavior of the trailer material subjected to high temperature. The response of th...
Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turb... more Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turbo-machinery. Vibrations generated due to unbalance rotor is considered as one of the major factors that can lead to accelerating degradation of machine components or even catastrophic failure, especially at high speed where reliability is important consideration. Rotor unbalance may result due to error in manufacturing process, wear and tear of rotating component, thermal deformations, deposition of material on rotor surface etc. There are various static and dynamic balancing methods depending upon type of rotor. Different methods of rotor balancing require different trial runs (number of times the machine has to stop) so as to place trial weights and measure vibration amplitude. Any method which balances the rotor in less number of trials is considered to be the efficient one, because stopping machine results in more energy consumption and reduction in machine life. This paper re...
It is a critical process to determine the response of rolling element bearing vibration using dyn... more It is a critical process to determine the response of rolling element bearing vibration using dynamic behavior analysis. Rolling element bearing works on the principal of transmission of load from moving race to stationary race. Generally outer race is fixed and load transmission takes place from inner race to outer race. In rolling bearing analytical formulation, the contact between rolling element and raceways is considered as nonlinear springs and their stiffness are obtained by using Hertzian elastic contact deformation theory. The implicit type numerical integration technique is used to solve the nonlinear differential equations iteratively. This paper presents the effect of internal radial clearance on rolling element bearing vibrations. Out of four fundamental bearing frequencies, ball passage frequency is predominant to show the effect of vibration. Ball passage frequencies are found to be reduced considerably, if the bearing internal radial clearance is selected as per the ...
Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and powertrain. It... more Vehicle comfort is related to vibrations induced due to surface irregularities and powertrain. It is a challenge to design a good suspension system and vibration absorber which isolates the driver/rider from the induced vibrations. The principle aim of a vehicle’s suspension system/vibration absorber is to isolate the occupant from the induced disturbances, while still allowing the average driver to maintain control over the vehicle and drive it safely. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the vibrations in motorcycle handlebar and modify handlebar to reduce the vibration for good ride comfort without affecting its handling. Motorcycle with an under square engine is selected for the experimentation. The under square engine has more stoke length than bore diameter, and hence, it is more susceptible to generate vibrations. A tuned mass damper system is designed and developed to attenuate handlebar vibrations. The results of investigation show vibration attenuation from 2...
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2017
Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turbo... more Static and dynamic balancing of a rotor plays an important role in deciding the life of any turbo-machinery. Vibrations generated due to unbalance rotor is considered as one of the major factors that can lead to accelerating degradation of machine components or even catastrophic failure especially at high speed where reliability is important consideration. Rotor unbalance may result due to error in manufacturing process, wear and tear of rotating component, thermal deformations, deposition of material on rotor surface etc. There are various static and dynamic balancing methods depending upon type of rotor. Different methods of rotor balancing requires different trial runs (number of times the machine has to stop) so as to place trial weights and measure vibration amplitude. This paper studies the number of trial runs required in various rotor balancing methods in static and dynamic condition. Any method which balances the rotor in less number of trials is considered to be the effici...
The bearing reliability plays major role in obtaining the desired performance of any machine. A c... more The bearing reliability plays major role in obtaining the desired performance of any machine. A continuous condition monitoring of machine is required in certain applications where failure of machine leads to loss of production, human safety and precision. Machine faults are often linked to the bearing faults. Condition monitoring of machine involves continuous watch on the performance of bearings and predicting the faults of bearing before it cause any adversity. This paper investigates an experimental study to diagnose the fault while bearing is in operation. An acoustic emission technique is used in the experimentation. An algorithm is developed to process various types of signals generated from different bearing defects. The algorithm uses time domain analysis along with combination low frequency analysis technique such as fast Fourier transform and high frequency envelope detection. Two methods have adopted for envelope detection which are Hilbert transform and order analysis. ...
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