Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is an important cucurbit plant, commonly distributed in the san... more Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is an important cucurbit plant, commonly distributed in the sandy areas of the world. In the Indian continent it is mainly found in the North West, the Punjab and in Central and southern India. The Citrullus colocynthis plant is usually known for its traditional uses as a remedy in the treatment of asthma, diabetes, common cold, leprosy, cough, bronchitis, joint pain, jaundice, cancer, toothache, mastitis, and in gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroenteritis, indigestion, dysentery, constipation, colic pain and other microbial infections. Phytochemicaly the compounds like glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids fatty acids, carbohydrates and essential oils were reported from the plant and the main components isolated from the Citrullus colocynthis plant are Cucurbitacins. The plant has been studied extensively for its wide range of pharmacological activities, which include anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobia...
: A number of complexities in compliance to long- term diabetes have been elicited. It has become... more : A number of complexities in compliance to long- term diabetes have been elicited. It has become a global concern withoutany convincing medicinal, therapeutical methodology.Both hyperglycaemia and oxidative pressure are major notable parts that playsignificant role in the initialization of diabetic inconvenience. Natural medications have gained a lot of attention in recent years as expected restorative specialists in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications due to their many objectives and less poisonous outcomes. This survey means to evaluate theaccessible information on therapeutic spices for constrictionand the executives of diabetic complications.This study showed that: a an optimistic approach for new medication terminology to treat diabetic confusion is screening compound competitors from homegrown medication; and investigation of activity of different plant extracts as well as their potency profile and to determine their job in the treatment of diabetic inconveniences must be there; and in addition, an ideal rat model which imitates human diabetic complications ought to be created. Material and techniques: Bibliographic investigation was accomplished by checking old-style course books and papers, directing overall bases of logical information (SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, Google Scholar, NISCAIR,) to recapture accessible distributed writing. For the assessment of plants with potential in calming diabetic complications, several inclusion models rely on the numerous medicinal spices as well as their crucial mixes.Furthermore, several models, including plants, have been considered, each of which has a suitable impact on increasing oxidative pressure in diabetes. Results: Different therapeutic plants/plant withdrawals containing alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and phytosterol type synthetic constituents were uncovered that areprofitable in the administration of diabetic complexities. Results may be attributed to the improvement of oxidative pressure, constant hyperglycemia, and twitch of different metabolic pathways related to the pathogenesis of diabetic confusions. Conclusion: An optimistic approach for new medication terminology to treat diabetic confusion is screening compound competitors from homegrown medication. Investigation of activity of different plant extracts as well as their potency profile and to determine their job in the treatment of diabetic inconveniences must be there. In addition, an ideal rat model which imitates human diabetic complications ought to be created.
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2016
The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate microparticles of Acyclovir and p... more The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate microparticles of Acyclovir and produced sustained drug delivery for ocular delivery. In this 9 batches(A1-C3) of acyclovir microparticle was prepared with ethyl cellulose, PVA and other ingredients by solvent evaporation technique. The prepared microparticles were evaluated for different parameters i.e % Drug yield, % Drug entrapment, Surface morphology, Zeta potential and in-vitro drug release for 24hrs in phosphate buffer 7.4 and simulated tear fluid. The best batch was performed stability studies for 6 months. The research concluded that Acyclovir microparticles could be a alternative for conventional dosage formand other phytochemical in herbs.
Lipoic acid (α-LA) (1,2-dithiolane3-pentanoic acid (C8H14O2S2) is also called thioctic acid with ... more Lipoic acid (α-LA) (1,2-dithiolane3-pentanoic acid (C8H14O2S2) is also called thioctic acid with an oxidized (disulfide, LA) and a reduced (di-thiol: dihydro-lipoic acid, DHLA) form of LA. α-LA is a potent anti-oxidative agent that has a significant potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders. α-LA is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature. It is widely distributed in plants and animals in cellular membranes and in the cytosol, which is responsible for LA's action in both the cytosol and plasma membrane. A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the Nature and mechanistic interventions of the α-Lipoic acid for central nervous system diseases. Moreover, α-LA readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, which is a significant factor for CNS activities. The mechanisms of α-LA reduction are highly tissue-specific. α-LA produces its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and neuronal damage, modulating protein levels, and promoting neurotransmitters and anti-oxidant levels. Hence, the execution of α-LA as a therapeutic ingredient in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders is promising. Finally, based on evidence, it can be concluded that α-LA can prevent diseases related to the nervous system.
Objective: Ribes glaciale Wall. is used in folk medicine by the locals of North West Himalayas, U... more Objective: Ribes glaciale Wall. is used in folk medicine by the locals of North West Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India, but its pharmacological potentials are not well studied. This work evaluates antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the extract of Ribes glaciale Wall. Methods: Antioxidant activity was assessed by studying free radical scavenging ability, total antioxidant capacity, ferrous ion chelation and reducing power of the extracts. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity was assessed by carrageenan induced rat paw edema and acetic acid induced writhing model respectively. Results: The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Ribes glaciale Wall. Consists considerable amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The ethyl acetate extract was potent in scavenging DPPH free radical (IC 50 55.7 μg/ml) while methanolic extract demonstrated higher ability to scavenge ABTS free radical (TEAC 11802.2). Methanolic extract exhibited higher ferrous ion chelatio...
Modern Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences explores advanced technique... more Modern Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences explores advanced techniques in plant biotechnology, their applications to pharmaceutical sciences, and how these methods can lead to more effective, safe, and affordable drugs. The book covers modern approaches in a practical, step-by-step manner, and includes illustrations, examples, and case studies to enhance understanding. Key topics include plant-made pharmaceuticals, classical and non-classical techniques for secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture and their relevance to pharmaceutical science, edible vaccines, novel delivery systems for plant-based products, international industry regulatory guidelines, and more. Readers will find the book to be a comprehensive and valuable resource for the study of modern plant biotechnology approaches and their pharmaceutical applications.Builds upon the basic concepts of cell and plant tissue culture and recombinant DNA technology to better illustrate the ...
Oxidative stress is defined as an excessive bioavailability of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) due ... more Oxidative stress is defined as an excessive bioavailability of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) due to imbalance of generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems. ROS produced by vascular cells (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts) are implicated as possible underlying pathogenic mechanism in a progression of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease (angina pectoris), atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension. Lipid peroxidation is a major oxidative effect in which lipids after combination with oxygen through peroxyl radical formation, leads to lipid hydroperoxidation with membrane disruption and form highly cytotoxic products, leading to cardiovascular diseases mainly ischemic heart diseases like angina pectoris. Another oxidative process is an imbalance of reduced production of NO (Nitric Oxide) or increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly by superoxides (O2∙) in vascular cells t...
: Liver disease is one of the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and mortality wor... more : Liver disease is one of the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Presently, limited therapeutic options are available to treat liver diseases. Moreover, allopathic medications are a double-edged sword due to their unfavorable side effects and exaggerated cost of therapy associated with the treatment. Transplantation of the liver is still in infancy state and is associated with staggering cost as well as non-accessibility of donors. Moreover, the cost of treatment is also a very significant hindrance in the treatment of liver disorders. Therefore, the focus is shifting to evaluate the potential of herbal drugs for the management of liver disorders. Although the course of treatment with the herbals is slow yet, the effects are more promising due to lesser side effects and reduced cost of therapy. Numerous plants have been reported to possess hepatoprotective activity due to the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, etc. Among these phytoconstituents, saponins are considered more promising candidates in the management of hepatic disorders. The present review is focused on the plants containing saponins used in the management of hepatic disorders with their underlying mechanisms.
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
Background: Type 1-diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of β-cells and loss ... more Background: Type 1-diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of β-cells and loss of endogenous insulin. Lifelong dependency on exogenous supply of insulin presents a great challenge in pharmacotherapy of T1D that elicits quest for alternative therapies, which can protect β-cells and revive their insulinogenic functions. GABA (γaminobutyric acid) has immuno-protective and β-cell regenerative capabilities. Co-administration of an insulin secretagogue such as glibenclamide (Glib) along with GABA may enhance the pancreatic insulin output in T1D. Objective: The present study evaluated the possible mechanism of GABA in improvement of glucose tolerance and its effects in streptozotocin (STZ) induced T1D along with Glib. Methods: Wistar rats (180-220 g) were administered a single dose of STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.). GABA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and Glib (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or in combination were administered for 28 days. Body weight (b.w.), water consumption, fasting blood glucos...
&... more <p class="">The present study assesses the protective effect of <em>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</em> (<em>Nyctaginaceae</em>) extracts and in combination with fluoxetine on stress-induced depression in mice. Leaves were extracted using different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform and hydroethanol) and administered orally for 14 days. These extracts showed significant improvement in the mobility percentage but among these, hydroethanol extract showed better protective effect from day 1 to 14 in both forced swimming and tail suspension test model. Hydroethanol (100 mg/kg) and chloroform (100 mg/kg) extracts with fluoxetine showed synergistic effect when compared with fluoxetine treated group (10 mg/kg) alone at day 7 and 14. Among monoamine levels only hydroethanol extract (400 mg/kg) restored the 5-HT level near to level of fluoxetine-treated group. Hydroethanol extracts with two higher doses showed significant decrease in glucose and triglycerides levels. Clinically, it may useful as anti-depressant drug. </p><p><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/EYRuTWpPDqk">Tail suspension…
Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is an important cucurbit plant, commonly distributed in the san... more Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is an important cucurbit plant, commonly distributed in the sandy areas of the world. In the Indian continent it is mainly found in the North West, the Punjab and in Central and southern India. The Citrullus colocynthis plant is usually known for its traditional uses as a remedy in the treatment of asthma, diabetes, common cold, leprosy, cough, bronchitis, joint pain, jaundice, cancer, toothache, mastitis, and in gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroenteritis, indigestion, dysentery, constipation, colic pain and other microbial infections. Phytochemicaly the compounds like glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids fatty acids, carbohydrates and essential oils were reported from the plant and the main components isolated from the Citrullus colocynthis plant are Cucurbitacins. The plant has been studied extensively for its wide range of pharmacological activities, which include anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobia...
: A number of complexities in compliance to long- term diabetes have been elicited. It has become... more : A number of complexities in compliance to long- term diabetes have been elicited. It has become a global concern withoutany convincing medicinal, therapeutical methodology.Both hyperglycaemia and oxidative pressure are major notable parts that playsignificant role in the initialization of diabetic inconvenience. Natural medications have gained a lot of attention in recent years as expected restorative specialists in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications due to their many objectives and less poisonous outcomes. This survey means to evaluate theaccessible information on therapeutic spices for constrictionand the executives of diabetic complications.This study showed that: a an optimistic approach for new medication terminology to treat diabetic confusion is screening compound competitors from homegrown medication; and investigation of activity of different plant extracts as well as their potency profile and to determine their job in the treatment of diabetic inconveniences must be there; and in addition, an ideal rat model which imitates human diabetic complications ought to be created. Material and techniques: Bibliographic investigation was accomplished by checking old-style course books and papers, directing overall bases of logical information (SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, Google Scholar, NISCAIR,) to recapture accessible distributed writing. For the assessment of plants with potential in calming diabetic complications, several inclusion models rely on the numerous medicinal spices as well as their crucial mixes.Furthermore, several models, including plants, have been considered, each of which has a suitable impact on increasing oxidative pressure in diabetes. Results: Different therapeutic plants/plant withdrawals containing alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and phytosterol type synthetic constituents were uncovered that areprofitable in the administration of diabetic complexities. Results may be attributed to the improvement of oxidative pressure, constant hyperglycemia, and twitch of different metabolic pathways related to the pathogenesis of diabetic confusions. Conclusion: An optimistic approach for new medication terminology to treat diabetic confusion is screening compound competitors from homegrown medication. Investigation of activity of different plant extracts as well as their potency profile and to determine their job in the treatment of diabetic inconveniences must be there. In addition, an ideal rat model which imitates human diabetic complications ought to be created.
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2016
The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate microparticles of Acyclovir and p... more The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate microparticles of Acyclovir and produced sustained drug delivery for ocular delivery. In this 9 batches(A1-C3) of acyclovir microparticle was prepared with ethyl cellulose, PVA and other ingredients by solvent evaporation technique. The prepared microparticles were evaluated for different parameters i.e % Drug yield, % Drug entrapment, Surface morphology, Zeta potential and in-vitro drug release for 24hrs in phosphate buffer 7.4 and simulated tear fluid. The best batch was performed stability studies for 6 months. The research concluded that Acyclovir microparticles could be a alternative for conventional dosage formand other phytochemical in herbs.
Lipoic acid (α-LA) (1,2-dithiolane3-pentanoic acid (C8H14O2S2) is also called thioctic acid with ... more Lipoic acid (α-LA) (1,2-dithiolane3-pentanoic acid (C8H14O2S2) is also called thioctic acid with an oxidized (disulfide, LA) and a reduced (di-thiol: dihydro-lipoic acid, DHLA) form of LA. α-LA is a potent anti-oxidative agent that has a significant potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders. α-LA is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature. It is widely distributed in plants and animals in cellular membranes and in the cytosol, which is responsible for LA's action in both the cytosol and plasma membrane. A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the Nature and mechanistic interventions of the α-Lipoic acid for central nervous system diseases. Moreover, α-LA readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, which is a significant factor for CNS activities. The mechanisms of α-LA reduction are highly tissue-specific. α-LA produces its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and neuronal damage, modulating protein levels, and promoting neurotransmitters and anti-oxidant levels. Hence, the execution of α-LA as a therapeutic ingredient in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders is promising. Finally, based on evidence, it can be concluded that α-LA can prevent diseases related to the nervous system.
Objective: Ribes glaciale Wall. is used in folk medicine by the locals of North West Himalayas, U... more Objective: Ribes glaciale Wall. is used in folk medicine by the locals of North West Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India, but its pharmacological potentials are not well studied. This work evaluates antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the extract of Ribes glaciale Wall. Methods: Antioxidant activity was assessed by studying free radical scavenging ability, total antioxidant capacity, ferrous ion chelation and reducing power of the extracts. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity was assessed by carrageenan induced rat paw edema and acetic acid induced writhing model respectively. Results: The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Ribes glaciale Wall. Consists considerable amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The ethyl acetate extract was potent in scavenging DPPH free radical (IC 50 55.7 μg/ml) while methanolic extract demonstrated higher ability to scavenge ABTS free radical (TEAC 11802.2). Methanolic extract exhibited higher ferrous ion chelatio...
Modern Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences explores advanced technique... more Modern Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences explores advanced techniques in plant biotechnology, their applications to pharmaceutical sciences, and how these methods can lead to more effective, safe, and affordable drugs. The book covers modern approaches in a practical, step-by-step manner, and includes illustrations, examples, and case studies to enhance understanding. Key topics include plant-made pharmaceuticals, classical and non-classical techniques for secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture and their relevance to pharmaceutical science, edible vaccines, novel delivery systems for plant-based products, international industry regulatory guidelines, and more. Readers will find the book to be a comprehensive and valuable resource for the study of modern plant biotechnology approaches and their pharmaceutical applications.Builds upon the basic concepts of cell and plant tissue culture and recombinant DNA technology to better illustrate the ...
Oxidative stress is defined as an excessive bioavailability of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) due ... more Oxidative stress is defined as an excessive bioavailability of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) due to imbalance of generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems. ROS produced by vascular cells (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts) are implicated as possible underlying pathogenic mechanism in a progression of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease (angina pectoris), atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension. Lipid peroxidation is a major oxidative effect in which lipids after combination with oxygen through peroxyl radical formation, leads to lipid hydroperoxidation with membrane disruption and form highly cytotoxic products, leading to cardiovascular diseases mainly ischemic heart diseases like angina pectoris. Another oxidative process is an imbalance of reduced production of NO (Nitric Oxide) or increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly by superoxides (O2∙) in vascular cells t...
: Liver disease is one of the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and mortality wor... more : Liver disease is one of the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Presently, limited therapeutic options are available to treat liver diseases. Moreover, allopathic medications are a double-edged sword due to their unfavorable side effects and exaggerated cost of therapy associated with the treatment. Transplantation of the liver is still in infancy state and is associated with staggering cost as well as non-accessibility of donors. Moreover, the cost of treatment is also a very significant hindrance in the treatment of liver disorders. Therefore, the focus is shifting to evaluate the potential of herbal drugs for the management of liver disorders. Although the course of treatment with the herbals is slow yet, the effects are more promising due to lesser side effects and reduced cost of therapy. Numerous plants have been reported to possess hepatoprotective activity due to the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, etc. Among these phytoconstituents, saponins are considered more promising candidates in the management of hepatic disorders. The present review is focused on the plants containing saponins used in the management of hepatic disorders with their underlying mechanisms.
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
Background: Type 1-diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of β-cells and loss ... more Background: Type 1-diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of β-cells and loss of endogenous insulin. Lifelong dependency on exogenous supply of insulin presents a great challenge in pharmacotherapy of T1D that elicits quest for alternative therapies, which can protect β-cells and revive their insulinogenic functions. GABA (γaminobutyric acid) has immuno-protective and β-cell regenerative capabilities. Co-administration of an insulin secretagogue such as glibenclamide (Glib) along with GABA may enhance the pancreatic insulin output in T1D. Objective: The present study evaluated the possible mechanism of GABA in improvement of glucose tolerance and its effects in streptozotocin (STZ) induced T1D along with Glib. Methods: Wistar rats (180-220 g) were administered a single dose of STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.). GABA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and Glib (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or in combination were administered for 28 days. Body weight (b.w.), water consumption, fasting blood glucos...
&... more <p class="">The present study assesses the protective effect of <em>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</em> (<em>Nyctaginaceae</em>) extracts and in combination with fluoxetine on stress-induced depression in mice. Leaves were extracted using different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform and hydroethanol) and administered orally for 14 days. These extracts showed significant improvement in the mobility percentage but among these, hydroethanol extract showed better protective effect from day 1 to 14 in both forced swimming and tail suspension test model. Hydroethanol (100 mg/kg) and chloroform (100 mg/kg) extracts with fluoxetine showed synergistic effect when compared with fluoxetine treated group (10 mg/kg) alone at day 7 and 14. Among monoamine levels only hydroethanol extract (400 mg/kg) restored the 5-HT level near to level of fluoxetine-treated group. Hydroethanol extracts with two higher doses showed significant decrease in glucose and triglycerides levels. Clinically, it may useful as anti-depressant drug. </p><p><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/EYRuTWpPDqk">Tail suspension…
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