International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2021
Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), brown planthopper (BPH) is as a major pest of rice crop. Developing ri... more Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), brown planthopper (BPH) is as a major pest of rice crop. Developing rice resistant to BPH is an economically and environmentally friendly approach. A transgenic rice line with DB1 (Dioscorea batatas tuber lectin 1) transgene has been engineered to overcome the problem. The objective of the experiment was to obtain the level of resistance of a DB1 rice line (DB1-inserted cv. Taichung 65) and some rice genotypes against two colonies of BPH. Resistance study was performed in BPH’s preference, honeydew excretion, crop damage, and population development. The resistant test was carried out using two biotypes BPH i.e., biotype 2 (Sukamandi) and biotype 3 (North Sumatera). The result showed that DB1 transgenic rice was moderately resistant to biotype 2, while to be susceptible when invested to biotype 3, indicating that the DB1 gene increases the resistance level, from susceptible to moderately resistant. All tested genotypes were chosen by biotype 2 for laying eg...
Spodoptera litura Fabricus. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan salah satu hama yang penting dan b... more Spodoptera litura Fabricus. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan salah satu hama yang penting dan bersifat polifag. Pengendalian S. litura masih mengandalkan insektisida sintetis. Akibat yang timbul dari penggunaan insektisida s i nt e t i s diantaranya menimbulkan resistensi, resurgensi, dan munculnya hama sekunder. Akibat dari dampak negatif insektisida sintetis, maka diperlukan suatu insektisida alternatif yang relatif aman bagi lingkungan, salah satunya adalah Barringtonia asiatica L. (KURZ.) (Lecythidaceae). Untuk meningkatkan efektifitas senyawa tumbuhan adalah dengan melakukan pemisahan senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan proses fraksinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas fraksi ekstrak metanol biji B. Asiatica terhadap S. litura. Percobaan menggunakan metode pelapisan pakan daun yang terdiri dari 12 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah ekstrak metanol biji B. asiatica Fraksi 16, 17, 18, 19 dan 20 masing masing dengan konsentrasi 0,3% dan 0,1%...
Penetitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh ekstrak metanol biji Barringtonia asiatica terhadap... more Penetitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh ekstrak metanol biji Barringtonia asiatica terhadap mortalitas, oviposisi, reproduksi, dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan Crocidolomia pavonana. Toksisitas ekstrak diuji menggunakan metode residu daun sawi pakan pada konsentrasi 0,02%, 0,05%, 0,1%, 0,2%, 0,3% dan kontrol untuk memperoleh nilai LC50. Pengaruh ekstrak terhadap oviposisi dilakukan penyemprotan ekstrak pada daun tanaman sawi pada konsentrasi 0,66%, 0,73 0,96%. Pengaruh ekstrak terhadap fekunditas dilakukan dengan metode residu pada daun pakan larva pada konsentrasi 0,09%, 0,15%, dan 0,22%. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap fekunditas imago C. pavonana yang berkembang dari larva yang makan dan perlakuan. Pengaruh ekstrak terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan makanan larva dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri dengan konsentrasi uji 0,08%, 0,14%, dan 0,21% penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol biji B. asiatica memperlihatkan aktivitas insektisida yang kuat dengan LC50, sebesar 0,15% ter...
Ekstrak aktif tumbuhan Aglaia odorata efektif terhadap larva beberapa spesies serangga hama. Namu... more Ekstrak aktif tumbuhan Aglaia odorata efektif terhadap larva beberapa spesies serangga hama. Namun, perancangan dan potensi formulasinya belum pernah diteiiti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mempelajari aktivitas insektisida ekstrak A. Odorata yang telah dicampur senyawa/ekstrak ekstrak biji wijen yang diharapkan memiliki pengaruh sinergis, 2) mengevaluasi toksisitas formulasi insektisida ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata terhadap parasitoid serangga hama, 3) sifat fitotoksik formulasi ekstrak A. odorata yang telah dicampur senyawa/ekstrak tumbuhan lain pada tujuh bibit tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi EC dan WP fraksi etil asetat ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata mempunyai stabilitas formulasi yang cukup balk. Formulasi EC dan WP fraksi etil asetat ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata efektif terhadap larva C. pavonana tetapi relatif aman terhadap parasitoid telur Trichogramma spp. dibanding insektisida sintetik berbahan aktif profenofos. Kemunculan imago...
International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science, 2012
Plants are known to have various chemical compounds that have potential to be developed as insect... more Plants are known to have various chemical compounds that have potential to be developed as insecticides. One of the potential plants to be developed as a source of insecticides is Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae). This research was conducted to determine toxicity of methanolic seed extract of Barringtonia asiatica to mortality and biological character of Spodoptera litura. The evaluation of toxicity was carried out using feeding method. Result of this research indicated that methanolic seed extract of B. asiatica had insecticidal activity with LC50 at concentration of 0.30% and LC90 at concentration of 0.80% in 13 days after treatment with LT50 at 4.8 days. In addition, methanolic seed extract of B. asiatica caused decrease of larval weight, tend to increase duration time of development, reduced leaf consumption and decrease of egg amount oviposited by female of S. litura.
Azadirachta indica diketahui memiliki berbagai senyawa kimia yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi... more Azadirachta indica diketahui memiliki berbagai senyawa kimia yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi pestisida nabati dan Pinus merkusii memungkinkan memiliki manfaatkan sebagai pestisida nabati. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari toksisitas getah A. indica dan getah merkusii serta campuran keduanya telah diuji di Laboratorium Pestisida dan Teknik Aplikasi, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian berlangsung dari bula n Januari 2013 sampai April 2013. Penelitian mencakup uji toksisitas getah . indica dan getah P. rnerkusii secara tunggal, dan pengujian campuran getah A. indica dan getah P. merkusii berdasarkan pada perbandingan LC95. Pengujian menggunakan metode celup pakan yang diberikan pada larva instar I Spodopt era litura. Penganntan yang dilakukan adalah kematian, bobot serangga dan ken sumsi pakan serangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa getah A. indica menunjukan potensinya sebagai pestisida nabati yang toksik terh...
Cabbage-heart caterpillar ,Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the impor... more Cabbage-heart caterpillar ,Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the important pests in Brassicaceae family. Alternative control for cabbage-heart caterpillar that can be used is plant extracts. Neem, cirtonella and jatropha are reported to have an insecticidal effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of combination of neem, citronella, and jatropha oil to against C. pavonana larvae and to obtain the most effective ratio and concentration of oil combinations. The experimental method used in this research was Randomized Block Design with 41 treatments, i.e. control, single neem, citronella, jatropha oil and its combination each tested at 1%; 0,5%; 0,25%; and 0,1% concentration. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. The results of this experiment showed that single oil or combination of neem, citronella and jatropha oil at 1% and 0,5% consentration caused 100% larvae mortality, 1:3:2 ratio at 1% concentration was able to reduce food consumption, 3:2:1 ...
Crocidolomia pavonana F. merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman kubis. Kehilangan hasil pa... more Crocidolomia pavonana F. merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman kubis. Kehilangan hasil panen kubis akibat serangan hama ini dapat mencapai 100%. Oleh karena itu diperlukan salah satu cara pengendalian yang efektif untuk mengurangi populasi hama tersebut tanpa menyebabkan pencemaran pada lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur telur C. pavonana terhadap kemampuan parasitisasi T. australicum dan kemampuan generasi T australicum selanjutnya yang muncul dari telur C. pavonana untuk memarasit kembali telur C. pavonana. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dengan lima ulangan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa parasitisasi T. australicum tertinggi terjadi pada generasi FO pada telur C. pavonana umur satu hari yakni 3,49%. Namun, terjadi penurunan parasitisasi pada telur C. pavonana um...
Botanical insecticide can reduce the negative impacts of using synthetic insecticide to the envir... more Botanical insecticide can reduce the negative impacts of using synthetic insecticide to the environment and human health. One of the potential plants to be developed as a source of ecologically friendly of insecticides is Melia azedarach (Meliaceae). Stem Borer is the major pest of rice crop in Indonesia and its control depend on synthetic insecticide. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of M. azedarach methanol seed extract on mortality and food consumption of Scirpophaga incertulas. The toxicity test in order to know its LC50 and LC95 value was conducted with experimental method by using Completely Randomized Design which consisted of six treatments and each treatment was replicated three times_ This research was evaluated against the third-instar larvae S. incertulas by dipping method on the pieces of paddy stem at concentration of 0.05%; 0.12%; 0.28%; 0.68%; 1.63% and control. Result of this research indicated that methanolic seed extract of M. azedarach had insecti...
Satu buah glikosida oleanan berhasil diisolasi dari biji Barringtonia asiatica . Struktur senyaw... more Satu buah glikosida oleanan berhasil diisolasi dari biji Barringtonia asiatica . Struktur senyawa ini ditentukan oleh 1H- dan 13C-NMR satu dan dua dimensi serta oleh perbandingan langsung dengan standar. Senyawa ini menunjukkan aktivitas insektisida yang paling tinggi terhadap Crocidolomia pavonana. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa biji B. asiatica mengandung senyawa insektisida yang paling aktif dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 290 ppm yang potensial untuk aplikasi insektisida. Kata Kunci: Barringtonia asiatica , glikosida oleanan, aktivitas insektisida, Crocidolomia pavonana
Introductions In many areas, particularly in Asia, the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (He... more Introductions In many areas, particularly in Asia, the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) causes considerable fruit damage on various plants. The fruit fly causes significant economic losses every year due to reduced fruit quantity and quality as well as export restrictions. This study aimed to examine the potency of minerals in controlling the oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits. Methods Experiments were conducted under laboratory and semi-field conditions using randomized block design. Ten minerals (i.e. kaolin, talc, zinc oxide, bentonite, sulfur, dolomite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and zeolite) and an untreated control were tested under laboratory conditions. Twenty chili fruits at a green stage were soaked in each mineral suspension (2%, w/v), air-dried, and placed in a trial cage (23-L plastic container) containing 20 female oriental fruit flies. In a semi-field bioassay using a screen cage (100 cm × 70 cm × 120 cm), 20 female...
Three analogues of TMOF, [PP (H-Pro-Pro-OH), PPPPPP (H-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-OH), and APPPPPP (... more Three analogues of TMOF, [PP (H-Pro-Pro-OH), PPPPPP (H-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-OH), and APPPPPP (H-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-ProOH)], were successfully synthesised and screened for their insecticidal properties against cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana). All compounds were prepared through Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) method. The synthesis employed chlorotrityl resin as solid support. A combination of N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) and ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate (oxyma) was chosen as coupling reagent in the synthesis. The peptide was cleaved by using TFA cocktail. All peptide crudes were purified by using reversed-phase flash chromatography with octadecyl silane (ODS) as stationary phase. All purified peptides were characterized by using TOF-ESMS and their purity was analysed using thin layer chromatography and analytical RP-HPLC. The synthesised TMOF analogues, together with TMOF, were biologically tested towards the (C. pavonana) at 1000...
One oleanane glycoside was successfully isolated from the seeds of Barringronia asiatica. The str... more One oleanane glycoside was successfully isolated from the seeds of Barringronia asiatica. The structure of this compound was determined by one- and two- dimensional 'H-NMR and C-NMR and by direct comparison with standard compound. This compound showed the highest insecticidal activity against Crocidolonsia pavonana. We also examine the inhibitory activity of the active compound against some digestive enzymes, namely a-amylase, invertase and protease. The isolated compound did not show any inhibitory activity against any of the enzymes tested, on contrary, it increase the activity of protease. In conclusions, B. asiatica seeds have a very high insecticidal activity compound that is potential for natural insecticide application.
The uncontrolled and excessive use of insecticides on Spodoptera exigua can cause resistance. The... more The uncontrolled and excessive use of insecticides on Spodoptera exigua can cause resistance. The aim of this study is to test resistance of S. exigua to chlorpyrifos and determine the possible mechanism of resistance to S. exigua. The resistance assay was carried out on chlorpyrifos by determining the level of resistance by the comparison of LC50 between the field samples and the standard samples. The resistivity of S. exigua was correlated with the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), esterase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. The samples of S. exigua were also tested for their sensitivity to neem oil insecticides. The results showed that S. exigua samples from Brebes and Cipanas had a resistance ratio (RR) of 5.50 and 3.26, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that the insensitivity of the AChE and the high activity of the GST play a significant role in the mechanism of S. exigua resistance to chlorpyrifos. However, the esterase has fewer roles ...
Araecerus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Anthribidae. They are very important econ... more Araecerus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Anthribidae. They are very important economic pests of coffee, cocoa and other agricultural crops. The species that commonly attack coffee (Rubiaceae) beans is Araecerus fasciculatus (Degeer) commonly known as coffee bean weevil. However, five (5) undescribed species of genus Araecerus were reared predominantly from the seeds of Mastixiodendron pachyclados (Rubiceae) commonly known as Garo garo and it is a native tree of Papua New Guinea. Fruits of M. pachyclados were regularly sampled and insects attacking them were reared, preserved and identified. Fruits were hand collected, photographed, weighed and reared. Insects emerging from the fruits were captured and preserved in 99% ethanol. All the specimens were identified into morphospecies at the laboratory. The five new species of genus Araecerus (Anthribidae) were designated as Araecerus sp.1, Araecerus sp.2, Araecerus sp.3, Araecerus sp.4 and Araecerus sp.5 according to their...
Crocidolomia pavonana is the main pest of Brassicaceae family. Barringtonia asiatica, Mel... more Crocidolomia pavonana is the main pest of Brassicaceae family. Barringtonia asiatica, Melia azedarach and Annona muricata are plants that have a potency for insect pest control. Their insecticidal activities include poisoning, antifeeding and inhibiting the growth of larvae. This study aimed to determine insecticidal activities of seed extracts of B. asiatica, M. azedarach and A. muricata and their mixtures against C. pavonana F.. Experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Pesticide and Application Techniques, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from August to November 2014. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized desain (CRD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were the seed extract of B. asiatica, M. azedarach, A. muricata and their mixtures (1:1) at the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and a control treatment. The results showed that the mixture of B. asiatica and A. muricata extract ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2021
Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), brown planthopper (BPH) is as a major pest of rice crop. Developing ri... more Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), brown planthopper (BPH) is as a major pest of rice crop. Developing rice resistant to BPH is an economically and environmentally friendly approach. A transgenic rice line with DB1 (Dioscorea batatas tuber lectin 1) transgene has been engineered to overcome the problem. The objective of the experiment was to obtain the level of resistance of a DB1 rice line (DB1-inserted cv. Taichung 65) and some rice genotypes against two colonies of BPH. Resistance study was performed in BPH’s preference, honeydew excretion, crop damage, and population development. The resistant test was carried out using two biotypes BPH i.e., biotype 2 (Sukamandi) and biotype 3 (North Sumatera). The result showed that DB1 transgenic rice was moderately resistant to biotype 2, while to be susceptible when invested to biotype 3, indicating that the DB1 gene increases the resistance level, from susceptible to moderately resistant. All tested genotypes were chosen by biotype 2 for laying eg...
Spodoptera litura Fabricus. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan salah satu hama yang penting dan b... more Spodoptera litura Fabricus. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan salah satu hama yang penting dan bersifat polifag. Pengendalian S. litura masih mengandalkan insektisida sintetis. Akibat yang timbul dari penggunaan insektisida s i nt e t i s diantaranya menimbulkan resistensi, resurgensi, dan munculnya hama sekunder. Akibat dari dampak negatif insektisida sintetis, maka diperlukan suatu insektisida alternatif yang relatif aman bagi lingkungan, salah satunya adalah Barringtonia asiatica L. (KURZ.) (Lecythidaceae). Untuk meningkatkan efektifitas senyawa tumbuhan adalah dengan melakukan pemisahan senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan proses fraksinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas fraksi ekstrak metanol biji B. Asiatica terhadap S. litura. Percobaan menggunakan metode pelapisan pakan daun yang terdiri dari 12 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah ekstrak metanol biji B. asiatica Fraksi 16, 17, 18, 19 dan 20 masing masing dengan konsentrasi 0,3% dan 0,1%...
Penetitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh ekstrak metanol biji Barringtonia asiatica terhadap... more Penetitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh ekstrak metanol biji Barringtonia asiatica terhadap mortalitas, oviposisi, reproduksi, dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan Crocidolomia pavonana. Toksisitas ekstrak diuji menggunakan metode residu daun sawi pakan pada konsentrasi 0,02%, 0,05%, 0,1%, 0,2%, 0,3% dan kontrol untuk memperoleh nilai LC50. Pengaruh ekstrak terhadap oviposisi dilakukan penyemprotan ekstrak pada daun tanaman sawi pada konsentrasi 0,66%, 0,73 0,96%. Pengaruh ekstrak terhadap fekunditas dilakukan dengan metode residu pada daun pakan larva pada konsentrasi 0,09%, 0,15%, dan 0,22%. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap fekunditas imago C. pavonana yang berkembang dari larva yang makan dan perlakuan. Pengaruh ekstrak terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan makanan larva dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri dengan konsentrasi uji 0,08%, 0,14%, dan 0,21% penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol biji B. asiatica memperlihatkan aktivitas insektisida yang kuat dengan LC50, sebesar 0,15% ter...
Ekstrak aktif tumbuhan Aglaia odorata efektif terhadap larva beberapa spesies serangga hama. Namu... more Ekstrak aktif tumbuhan Aglaia odorata efektif terhadap larva beberapa spesies serangga hama. Namun, perancangan dan potensi formulasinya belum pernah diteiiti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mempelajari aktivitas insektisida ekstrak A. Odorata yang telah dicampur senyawa/ekstrak ekstrak biji wijen yang diharapkan memiliki pengaruh sinergis, 2) mengevaluasi toksisitas formulasi insektisida ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata terhadap parasitoid serangga hama, 3) sifat fitotoksik formulasi ekstrak A. odorata yang telah dicampur senyawa/ekstrak tumbuhan lain pada tujuh bibit tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi EC dan WP fraksi etil asetat ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata mempunyai stabilitas formulasi yang cukup balk. Formulasi EC dan WP fraksi etil asetat ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata efektif terhadap larva C. pavonana tetapi relatif aman terhadap parasitoid telur Trichogramma spp. dibanding insektisida sintetik berbahan aktif profenofos. Kemunculan imago...
International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and soil Science, 2012
Plants are known to have various chemical compounds that have potential to be developed as insect... more Plants are known to have various chemical compounds that have potential to be developed as insecticides. One of the potential plants to be developed as a source of insecticides is Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae). This research was conducted to determine toxicity of methanolic seed extract of Barringtonia asiatica to mortality and biological character of Spodoptera litura. The evaluation of toxicity was carried out using feeding method. Result of this research indicated that methanolic seed extract of B. asiatica had insecticidal activity with LC50 at concentration of 0.30% and LC90 at concentration of 0.80% in 13 days after treatment with LT50 at 4.8 days. In addition, methanolic seed extract of B. asiatica caused decrease of larval weight, tend to increase duration time of development, reduced leaf consumption and decrease of egg amount oviposited by female of S. litura.
Azadirachta indica diketahui memiliki berbagai senyawa kimia yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi... more Azadirachta indica diketahui memiliki berbagai senyawa kimia yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi pestisida nabati dan Pinus merkusii memungkinkan memiliki manfaatkan sebagai pestisida nabati. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari toksisitas getah A. indica dan getah merkusii serta campuran keduanya telah diuji di Laboratorium Pestisida dan Teknik Aplikasi, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian berlangsung dari bula n Januari 2013 sampai April 2013. Penelitian mencakup uji toksisitas getah . indica dan getah P. rnerkusii secara tunggal, dan pengujian campuran getah A. indica dan getah P. merkusii berdasarkan pada perbandingan LC95. Pengujian menggunakan metode celup pakan yang diberikan pada larva instar I Spodopt era litura. Penganntan yang dilakukan adalah kematian, bobot serangga dan ken sumsi pakan serangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa getah A. indica menunjukan potensinya sebagai pestisida nabati yang toksik terh...
Cabbage-heart caterpillar ,Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the impor... more Cabbage-heart caterpillar ,Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the important pests in Brassicaceae family. Alternative control for cabbage-heart caterpillar that can be used is plant extracts. Neem, cirtonella and jatropha are reported to have an insecticidal effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of combination of neem, citronella, and jatropha oil to against C. pavonana larvae and to obtain the most effective ratio and concentration of oil combinations. The experimental method used in this research was Randomized Block Design with 41 treatments, i.e. control, single neem, citronella, jatropha oil and its combination each tested at 1%; 0,5%; 0,25%; and 0,1% concentration. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. The results of this experiment showed that single oil or combination of neem, citronella and jatropha oil at 1% and 0,5% consentration caused 100% larvae mortality, 1:3:2 ratio at 1% concentration was able to reduce food consumption, 3:2:1 ...
Crocidolomia pavonana F. merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman kubis. Kehilangan hasil pa... more Crocidolomia pavonana F. merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman kubis. Kehilangan hasil panen kubis akibat serangan hama ini dapat mencapai 100%. Oleh karena itu diperlukan salah satu cara pengendalian yang efektif untuk mengurangi populasi hama tersebut tanpa menyebabkan pencemaran pada lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur telur C. pavonana terhadap kemampuan parasitisasi T. australicum dan kemampuan generasi T australicum selanjutnya yang muncul dari telur C. pavonana untuk memarasit kembali telur C. pavonana. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Entomologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dengan lima ulangan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa parasitisasi T. australicum tertinggi terjadi pada generasi FO pada telur C. pavonana umur satu hari yakni 3,49%. Namun, terjadi penurunan parasitisasi pada telur C. pavonana um...
Botanical insecticide can reduce the negative impacts of using synthetic insecticide to the envir... more Botanical insecticide can reduce the negative impacts of using synthetic insecticide to the environment and human health. One of the potential plants to be developed as a source of ecologically friendly of insecticides is Melia azedarach (Meliaceae). Stem Borer is the major pest of rice crop in Indonesia and its control depend on synthetic insecticide. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of M. azedarach methanol seed extract on mortality and food consumption of Scirpophaga incertulas. The toxicity test in order to know its LC50 and LC95 value was conducted with experimental method by using Completely Randomized Design which consisted of six treatments and each treatment was replicated three times_ This research was evaluated against the third-instar larvae S. incertulas by dipping method on the pieces of paddy stem at concentration of 0.05%; 0.12%; 0.28%; 0.68%; 1.63% and control. Result of this research indicated that methanolic seed extract of M. azedarach had insecti...
Satu buah glikosida oleanan berhasil diisolasi dari biji Barringtonia asiatica . Struktur senyaw... more Satu buah glikosida oleanan berhasil diisolasi dari biji Barringtonia asiatica . Struktur senyawa ini ditentukan oleh 1H- dan 13C-NMR satu dan dua dimensi serta oleh perbandingan langsung dengan standar. Senyawa ini menunjukkan aktivitas insektisida yang paling tinggi terhadap Crocidolomia pavonana. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa biji B. asiatica mengandung senyawa insektisida yang paling aktif dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 290 ppm yang potensial untuk aplikasi insektisida. Kata Kunci: Barringtonia asiatica , glikosida oleanan, aktivitas insektisida, Crocidolomia pavonana
Introductions In many areas, particularly in Asia, the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (He... more Introductions In many areas, particularly in Asia, the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) causes considerable fruit damage on various plants. The fruit fly causes significant economic losses every year due to reduced fruit quantity and quality as well as export restrictions. This study aimed to examine the potency of minerals in controlling the oriental fruit fly infestation in chili fruits. Methods Experiments were conducted under laboratory and semi-field conditions using randomized block design. Ten minerals (i.e. kaolin, talc, zinc oxide, bentonite, sulfur, dolomite, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and zeolite) and an untreated control were tested under laboratory conditions. Twenty chili fruits at a green stage were soaked in each mineral suspension (2%, w/v), air-dried, and placed in a trial cage (23-L plastic container) containing 20 female oriental fruit flies. In a semi-field bioassay using a screen cage (100 cm × 70 cm × 120 cm), 20 female...
Three analogues of TMOF, [PP (H-Pro-Pro-OH), PPPPPP (H-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-OH), and APPPPPP (... more Three analogues of TMOF, [PP (H-Pro-Pro-OH), PPPPPP (H-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-OH), and APPPPPP (H-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-ProOH)], were successfully synthesised and screened for their insecticidal properties against cabbage cluster caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana). All compounds were prepared through Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) method. The synthesis employed chlorotrityl resin as solid support. A combination of N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) and ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate (oxyma) was chosen as coupling reagent in the synthesis. The peptide was cleaved by using TFA cocktail. All peptide crudes were purified by using reversed-phase flash chromatography with octadecyl silane (ODS) as stationary phase. All purified peptides were characterized by using TOF-ESMS and their purity was analysed using thin layer chromatography and analytical RP-HPLC. The synthesised TMOF analogues, together with TMOF, were biologically tested towards the (C. pavonana) at 1000...
One oleanane glycoside was successfully isolated from the seeds of Barringronia asiatica. The str... more One oleanane glycoside was successfully isolated from the seeds of Barringronia asiatica. The structure of this compound was determined by one- and two- dimensional 'H-NMR and C-NMR and by direct comparison with standard compound. This compound showed the highest insecticidal activity against Crocidolonsia pavonana. We also examine the inhibitory activity of the active compound against some digestive enzymes, namely a-amylase, invertase and protease. The isolated compound did not show any inhibitory activity against any of the enzymes tested, on contrary, it increase the activity of protease. In conclusions, B. asiatica seeds have a very high insecticidal activity compound that is potential for natural insecticide application.
The uncontrolled and excessive use of insecticides on Spodoptera exigua can cause resistance. The... more The uncontrolled and excessive use of insecticides on Spodoptera exigua can cause resistance. The aim of this study is to test resistance of S. exigua to chlorpyrifos and determine the possible mechanism of resistance to S. exigua. The resistance assay was carried out on chlorpyrifos by determining the level of resistance by the comparison of LC50 between the field samples and the standard samples. The resistivity of S. exigua was correlated with the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), esterase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. The samples of S. exigua were also tested for their sensitivity to neem oil insecticides. The results showed that S. exigua samples from Brebes and Cipanas had a resistance ratio (RR) of 5.50 and 3.26, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that the insensitivity of the AChE and the high activity of the GST play a significant role in the mechanism of S. exigua resistance to chlorpyrifos. However, the esterase has fewer roles ...
Araecerus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Anthribidae. They are very important econ... more Araecerus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Anthribidae. They are very important economic pests of coffee, cocoa and other agricultural crops. The species that commonly attack coffee (Rubiaceae) beans is Araecerus fasciculatus (Degeer) commonly known as coffee bean weevil. However, five (5) undescribed species of genus Araecerus were reared predominantly from the seeds of Mastixiodendron pachyclados (Rubiceae) commonly known as Garo garo and it is a native tree of Papua New Guinea. Fruits of M. pachyclados were regularly sampled and insects attacking them were reared, preserved and identified. Fruits were hand collected, photographed, weighed and reared. Insects emerging from the fruits were captured and preserved in 99% ethanol. All the specimens were identified into morphospecies at the laboratory. The five new species of genus Araecerus (Anthribidae) were designated as Araecerus sp.1, Araecerus sp.2, Araecerus sp.3, Araecerus sp.4 and Araecerus sp.5 according to their...
Crocidolomia pavonana is the main pest of Brassicaceae family. Barringtonia asiatica, Mel... more Crocidolomia pavonana is the main pest of Brassicaceae family. Barringtonia asiatica, Melia azedarach and Annona muricata are plants that have a potency for insect pest control. Their insecticidal activities include poisoning, antifeeding and inhibiting the growth of larvae. This study aimed to determine insecticidal activities of seed extracts of B. asiatica, M. azedarach and A. muricata and their mixtures against C. pavonana F.. Experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Pesticide and Application Techniques, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from August to November 2014. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized desain (CRD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were the seed extract of B. asiatica, M. azedarach, A. muricata and their mixtures (1:1) at the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and a control treatment. The results showed that the mixture of B. asiatica and A. muricata extract ...
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