I am founder of Academy of New Revolution with positive attitude and want to give our user more to more facility regards Professional Education and make their life easy going once more. I am very happy to help other who need ... without losing patience. http://twitter.com/drthomas1985 Address: 24, meadow town, Florida, Florida, US
Australia ranks top on the list of immigration aspirants today. If you are an immigration aspiran... more Australia ranks top on the list of immigration aspirants today. If you are an immigration aspirant, you have enough reasons to move to Australia, i.e. plenty of job opportunities, world-class education system with top universities, low crime rate, multicultural society, high wages, world-class cities, incredible infrastructure and high human development index, etc. However, how to move to Australia is a key question for every Australian immigration aspirant. Hence, let’s discuss the process of Australia Immigration.
... Although the usual rendering into English is by 'bow down', it appe... more ... Although the usual rendering into English is by 'bow down', it appears that the verb really means 'put the shank or lower leg down' (BDB sv ... not imply in fact any doctrine of greater sins entailing propitiation for lesser ones -the sort of argu-ment mentioned elsewhere by Paul (Ro. ...
The response of patients with major depressive illness to citalopram of amitriptyline was compare... more The response of patients with major depressive illness to citalopram of amitriptyline was compared in a double-blind multi-centre trial. No differences in efficacy were observed, but citalopram had less hypnotic effect and a remarkably lower profile of side-effects.
Studies of testosterone levels in patients with major depressive illness have produced varying re... more Studies of testosterone levels in patients with major depressive illness have produced varying results, plasma levels usually being reported. Saliva levels reflect ‘free’ plasma testosterone, and a pilot study of 11 men with major depression with melancholia, who underwent a standard dexamethasone suppression test, is described. There were no significant differences in testosterone levels compared with an age-matched control group. In the patient group, pre-dexamethasone levels correlated significantly and negatively with depression ratings on the 21–item Hamilton and the Montgomery and åsberg depression scales, and also with state anxiety measured on the Spielberger scale.
Thyroid function was investigated in a group of 21 patients with severe senile dementia of the Al... more Thyroid function was investigated in a group of 21 patients with severe senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and in a group of 17 age and sex matched normal controls. Free thyroid hormone levels (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured, as were also the thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)). When compared to controls, patients demonstrated a significantly lower free T3 value (but not free T4), a blunted TSH response to TRH, slightly elevated basal PRL and GH values and a small GH response to TRH. However, all differences were small in biological terms and were within the laboratory's normal range. This emphasizes the relative normality of neuroendocrine function, particularly thyroid status, in SDAT.
Topical medications are the most commonly prescribed treatments for acne patients. However, adher... more Topical medications are the most commonly prescribed treatments for acne patients. However, adherence to these treatments and possible associations with clinical severity and quality of life (QoL) impact are unclear. We evaluated the association between sociodemographic factors, clinical severity, and QoL impact and adherence to topical acne treatments. This was an observational study of acne patients referred for usual care to community-based dermatologists. Adherence was assessed with questionnaires after 2 months of acne therapy. The associations of adherence with factors of interest were evaluated by chi-square analysis and Spearman rank correlation. In 152 acne patients treated with topical medications, low adherence was observed in 26%, medium in 49%, and high in 24%. Age, gender, duration of acne, education level, third-party drug plan coverage, smoking history, recreational drug use, ingestion of alcohol, and number of prescribed topical agents were not significantly associated with adherence. Adherence was significantly positively correlated with QoL impact (r = .24, p = .003), with the role-emotional and self-perception domains having the highest correlations. In contrast, adherence was weakly negatively correlated with facial acne severity (r = -.16, p = .047). This study focused on facial acne, and adherence was based on patient reporting. Adherence to topical acne therapy increases with impact on QoL but decreases with increasing acne severity.
To recruit a representative sample of farmworkers, accurately quantify the range and extent of th... more To recruit a representative sample of farmworkers, accurately quantify the range and extent of their animal exposures, and measure the associated risks of illness. Inception cohort. The study was undertaken among farmworkers living in five local authority areas in the catchment of Hereford and Preston Public Health Laboratories, England. A quota sample of 404 people on 255 agricultural holdings took part. The holdings were selected at random from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food register. Altogether 58% of eligible subjects approached agreed to participate. The sample had the same sex distribution as the 1991 census for those giving their occupation as agriculture. The mean age was significantly (p < 0.01) higher (44.6 years v 42.2 years) than that of those giving their occupation as agriculture, forestry or fishing in the census, although the modal range (45-59 years) was the same. At enrollment interviews, subjects individually reported contact with up to nine animal species (mode 4) out of 26 reported in all. Based on the numbers contacted and the frequency and intimacy of contact, scores on a ranked ordinal scale from 0-5 were constructed for each species and frequencies for each score were plotted. Subjects also reported past operations and serious illness. A history of pneumonia was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a pigeon loft on the farm (relative risk (RR) 7.3) and attending farrowing pigs (RR 6.6), and one of leptospirosis with a rat problem on the farm (RR 28.1). Cattle contact was associated with a significantly lower likelihood (protective) of glandular fever (RR 0.19) and rheumatic or scarlet fever (RR 0.12). These effects were significantly related to rankings of the extent of exposure. It is possible to recruit a representative sample of farmworkers and measure their animal exposures in great detail. Among these exposures, associations with plausible risk factors for pneumonia and leptospirosis and apparently protective factors for glandular fever, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever have been demonstrated, which further show a relationship between the extent of exposure and response. These findings can be tested further by examining the relationship of exposures to serological evidence of illness or by further prospective follow up of this and similarly well characterised cohorts, or both.
The work presented in this paper aims to predict the effectiveness of using secondary forces on t... more The work presented in this paper aims to predict the effectiveness of using secondary forces on the fuselage of a turbo-prop aircraft to control the transmission of tonal propeller noise into the passenger cabin. The fuselage is modeled by a thin cylindrical shell. Goldenveizer-Novozilov theory is used to predict the structural response of the shell to a distributed primary force,
The novel 5-HT3 antagonist, BRL 46470A (endo-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1]oct-3-yl)2,3-dihydro... more The novel 5-HT3 antagonist, BRL 46470A (endo-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1]oct-3-yl)2,3-dihydro-3,3 dimethyl-indole-1-carboxamide, hydrochloride), has been investigated in a series of in vitro and in vivo tests, including the effect of the drug in models of anxiolysis. In classical tests for 5-HT3 receptor antagonism, BRL 46470A was shown to antagonise 5-HT3 mediated responses in the guinea-pig ileum [pA2 8.3 +/- 0.5, slope 0.98 +/- 0.20, mean +/- SEM (5)], the rabbit isolated heart (pA2 10.1 +/- 0.1, slope 1.2 +/- 0.2, n = 5) and the rat Bezold-Jarisch model (ID50 0.7 microgram/kg IV +/- 0.1, n = 8), with a long duration of action (> 3 h). BRL 46470A selectively displaced [3H]-BRL 43694 from 5-HT3 binding sites in rat brain membranes (Ki 0.32 nM +/- 0.04, n = 4) without displacing (at concentrations greater than 1 microM) a wide variety of ligands binding to other neurotransmitter receptors, opioid receptors and to neurotransmitter gated ion channel complexes. In vivo, BRL 46470A showed anxiolytic-like activity in two animal models predictive of antianxiety effects-elevated X-maze and social interaction in rats. In both models, BRL 46470A showed significant activity over a wide dose-range following both oral (0.0001-0.1 mg/kg PO) and systemic administration. The unique level of potency of BRL 46470A was apparent in the rat social interaction test and was shown to be 100 fold more potent than the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron, with no evidence of a bell-shaped dose response curve over 4 orders of magnitude.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Purified pea cotyledon mitochondria did not oxidise acetyl-CoA in the presence of carnitine. Howe... more Purified pea cotyledon mitochondria did not oxidise acetyl-CoA in the presence of carnitine. However, acetylcarnitine was oxidised. It was concluded that acetylcarnitine passed through the mitochondrial membrane barrier but acetyl-CoA did not. Only a sensitive radioactive assay detected carnitine acetyltransferase in intact mitochondrion or intact mitoplast preparations. When the mitochondria or mitoplasts were burst, acetyl-CoA substrate was available to the matrix carnitine acetyltransferase and a high activity of the enzyme was measured. The inner mitochondrial membrane is there-fore the membrane barrier to acetyl-CoA but acetylcarnitine is suggested to be transported through this membrane via an integral carnitine: acylcarnitine translocator. Evidence is presented to indicate that when the cotyledons from 48-h-grown peas are oxidising pyruvate, acetylcarnitine formed in the mitochondrial matrix by the action of matrix carnitine acetyltransferase may be transported to extra-mitochondrial sites via the membrane translocator.
β-Oxidation enzymes were detected both in the mitochondria and microbodies of pea cotyledons. Int... more β-Oxidation enzymes were detected both in the mitochondria and microbodies of pea cotyledons. Intact mitochondria did not show β-oxidation enzyme activity but in ruptured mitochondria this activity was high. It is apparent that the mitochondrial membrane barrier prevents rapid access of acyl-CoA substrates to matrix β-oxidation sites. Removal of the membrane barrier permits rapid access of acyl-CoAs and these enzyme activities may then be measured.
ABSTRACT H14CO3 was not incorporated into fatty acids by isolated pea leaf chloroplasts, which, t... more ABSTRACT H14CO3 was not incorporated into fatty acids by isolated pea leaf chloroplasts, which, therefore, do not possess a self-contained pathway for the synthesis of fatty acids from early intermediates of the Calvin cycle. Citrate, pyruvate, acetate and L-acetylcarnitine were all shown to act as sources of acetyl groups for fatty acid synthesis by pea leaf chloroplasts. L-acetylcarnitine was the best substrate, being incorporated into fatty acids at rates that were at least five-fold higher than those achieved with the other substrates. Citrate was incorporated into fatty acids at the lowest rate, followed by pyruvate, with acetate being incorporated at the second highest rate of all. When the isolated chloroplasts were ruptured, an inhibition of L-acetylcarnitine incorporation into fatty acids was noted, whilst acetate incorporation remained unaffected. L-acetylcarnitine also increased the ratio of monoenoic: saturated fatty acids synthesized, compared with a 1:1 ratio observed when citrate, pyruvate and acetate were supplied as substrates. It is suggested that L-carnitine and carnitine acyltransferases play a central role in plant acyl CoA metabolism by facilitating the transfer of activated acyl groups across membranes (acyl CoA barriers).
ABSTRACT Two sites for the β-oxidation of fatty acids in avocado (Persea americana L.) mesocarp e... more ABSTRACT Two sites for the β-oxidation of fatty acids in avocado (Persea americana L.) mesocarp exist. One site is the microbody, the other the mitochondrion. It is apparent that the mitochondrial membrane barrier, which remains intact after sucrose density gradient centrifugation, prevents rapid access of acyl CoA substrates to matrix β-oxidation sites. Thus, intact mitochondria showed little β-oxidation enzyme activity. Rupturing of the mitochondrial membrane allowed rapid access of the acyl CoA substrates to matrix sites. Consequently, in ruptured mitochondria, high O2-oxidation enzyme activities were measured. O2 uptake studies further distinguished the two organellar sites of β-oxidation. During palmitoyl CoA oxidation, O2 uptake was reduced by catalase and increased by KCN in the microbodies, whilst mitochondrial O2 uptake was unaffected by catalase and reduced by KCN. This reflected the differing fates of FADH2, produced during the first β-oxidation step, in the two organelles. In addition, only the mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids was carnitine-dependent.
Australia ranks top on the list of immigration aspirants today. If you are an immigration aspiran... more Australia ranks top on the list of immigration aspirants today. If you are an immigration aspirant, you have enough reasons to move to Australia, i.e. plenty of job opportunities, world-class education system with top universities, low crime rate, multicultural society, high wages, world-class cities, incredible infrastructure and high human development index, etc. However, how to move to Australia is a key question for every Australian immigration aspirant. Hence, let’s discuss the process of Australia Immigration.
... Although the usual rendering into English is by 'bow down', it appe... more ... Although the usual rendering into English is by 'bow down', it appears that the verb really means 'put the shank or lower leg down' (BDB sv ... not imply in fact any doctrine of greater sins entailing propitiation for lesser ones -the sort of argu-ment mentioned elsewhere by Paul (Ro. ...
The response of patients with major depressive illness to citalopram of amitriptyline was compare... more The response of patients with major depressive illness to citalopram of amitriptyline was compared in a double-blind multi-centre trial. No differences in efficacy were observed, but citalopram had less hypnotic effect and a remarkably lower profile of side-effects.
Studies of testosterone levels in patients with major depressive illness have produced varying re... more Studies of testosterone levels in patients with major depressive illness have produced varying results, plasma levels usually being reported. Saliva levels reflect ‘free’ plasma testosterone, and a pilot study of 11 men with major depression with melancholia, who underwent a standard dexamethasone suppression test, is described. There were no significant differences in testosterone levels compared with an age-matched control group. In the patient group, pre-dexamethasone levels correlated significantly and negatively with depression ratings on the 21–item Hamilton and the Montgomery and åsberg depression scales, and also with state anxiety measured on the Spielberger scale.
Thyroid function was investigated in a group of 21 patients with severe senile dementia of the Al... more Thyroid function was investigated in a group of 21 patients with severe senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and in a group of 17 age and sex matched normal controls. Free thyroid hormone levels (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured, as were also the thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)). When compared to controls, patients demonstrated a significantly lower free T3 value (but not free T4), a blunted TSH response to TRH, slightly elevated basal PRL and GH values and a small GH response to TRH. However, all differences were small in biological terms and were within the laboratory's normal range. This emphasizes the relative normality of neuroendocrine function, particularly thyroid status, in SDAT.
Topical medications are the most commonly prescribed treatments for acne patients. However, adher... more Topical medications are the most commonly prescribed treatments for acne patients. However, adherence to these treatments and possible associations with clinical severity and quality of life (QoL) impact are unclear. We evaluated the association between sociodemographic factors, clinical severity, and QoL impact and adherence to topical acne treatments. This was an observational study of acne patients referred for usual care to community-based dermatologists. Adherence was assessed with questionnaires after 2 months of acne therapy. The associations of adherence with factors of interest were evaluated by chi-square analysis and Spearman rank correlation. In 152 acne patients treated with topical medications, low adherence was observed in 26%, medium in 49%, and high in 24%. Age, gender, duration of acne, education level, third-party drug plan coverage, smoking history, recreational drug use, ingestion of alcohol, and number of prescribed topical agents were not significantly associated with adherence. Adherence was significantly positively correlated with QoL impact (r = .24, p = .003), with the role-emotional and self-perception domains having the highest correlations. In contrast, adherence was weakly negatively correlated with facial acne severity (r = -.16, p = .047). This study focused on facial acne, and adherence was based on patient reporting. Adherence to topical acne therapy increases with impact on QoL but decreases with increasing acne severity.
To recruit a representative sample of farmworkers, accurately quantify the range and extent of th... more To recruit a representative sample of farmworkers, accurately quantify the range and extent of their animal exposures, and measure the associated risks of illness. Inception cohort. The study was undertaken among farmworkers living in five local authority areas in the catchment of Hereford and Preston Public Health Laboratories, England. A quota sample of 404 people on 255 agricultural holdings took part. The holdings were selected at random from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food register. Altogether 58% of eligible subjects approached agreed to participate. The sample had the same sex distribution as the 1991 census for those giving their occupation as agriculture. The mean age was significantly (p < 0.01) higher (44.6 years v 42.2 years) than that of those giving their occupation as agriculture, forestry or fishing in the census, although the modal range (45-59 years) was the same. At enrollment interviews, subjects individually reported contact with up to nine animal species (mode 4) out of 26 reported in all. Based on the numbers contacted and the frequency and intimacy of contact, scores on a ranked ordinal scale from 0-5 were constructed for each species and frequencies for each score were plotted. Subjects also reported past operations and serious illness. A history of pneumonia was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a pigeon loft on the farm (relative risk (RR) 7.3) and attending farrowing pigs (RR 6.6), and one of leptospirosis with a rat problem on the farm (RR 28.1). Cattle contact was associated with a significantly lower likelihood (protective) of glandular fever (RR 0.19) and rheumatic or scarlet fever (RR 0.12). These effects were significantly related to rankings of the extent of exposure. It is possible to recruit a representative sample of farmworkers and measure their animal exposures in great detail. Among these exposures, associations with plausible risk factors for pneumonia and leptospirosis and apparently protective factors for glandular fever, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever have been demonstrated, which further show a relationship between the extent of exposure and response. These findings can be tested further by examining the relationship of exposures to serological evidence of illness or by further prospective follow up of this and similarly well characterised cohorts, or both.
The work presented in this paper aims to predict the effectiveness of using secondary forces on t... more The work presented in this paper aims to predict the effectiveness of using secondary forces on the fuselage of a turbo-prop aircraft to control the transmission of tonal propeller noise into the passenger cabin. The fuselage is modeled by a thin cylindrical shell. Goldenveizer-Novozilov theory is used to predict the structural response of the shell to a distributed primary force,
The novel 5-HT3 antagonist, BRL 46470A (endo-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1]oct-3-yl)2,3-dihydro... more The novel 5-HT3 antagonist, BRL 46470A (endo-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1]oct-3-yl)2,3-dihydro-3,3 dimethyl-indole-1-carboxamide, hydrochloride), has been investigated in a series of in vitro and in vivo tests, including the effect of the drug in models of anxiolysis. In classical tests for 5-HT3 receptor antagonism, BRL 46470A was shown to antagonise 5-HT3 mediated responses in the guinea-pig ileum [pA2 8.3 +/- 0.5, slope 0.98 +/- 0.20, mean +/- SEM (5)], the rabbit isolated heart (pA2 10.1 +/- 0.1, slope 1.2 +/- 0.2, n = 5) and the rat Bezold-Jarisch model (ID50 0.7 microgram/kg IV +/- 0.1, n = 8), with a long duration of action (> 3 h). BRL 46470A selectively displaced [3H]-BRL 43694 from 5-HT3 binding sites in rat brain membranes (Ki 0.32 nM +/- 0.04, n = 4) without displacing (at concentrations greater than 1 microM) a wide variety of ligands binding to other neurotransmitter receptors, opioid receptors and to neurotransmitter gated ion channel complexes. In vivo, BRL 46470A showed anxiolytic-like activity in two animal models predictive of antianxiety effects-elevated X-maze and social interaction in rats. In both models, BRL 46470A showed significant activity over a wide dose-range following both oral (0.0001-0.1 mg/kg PO) and systemic administration. The unique level of potency of BRL 46470A was apparent in the rat social interaction test and was shown to be 100 fold more potent than the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron, with no evidence of a bell-shaped dose response curve over 4 orders of magnitude.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Purified pea cotyledon mitochondria did not oxidise acetyl-CoA in the presence of carnitine. Howe... more Purified pea cotyledon mitochondria did not oxidise acetyl-CoA in the presence of carnitine. However, acetylcarnitine was oxidised. It was concluded that acetylcarnitine passed through the mitochondrial membrane barrier but acetyl-CoA did not. Only a sensitive radioactive assay detected carnitine acetyltransferase in intact mitochondrion or intact mitoplast preparations. When the mitochondria or mitoplasts were burst, acetyl-CoA substrate was available to the matrix carnitine acetyltransferase and a high activity of the enzyme was measured. The inner mitochondrial membrane is there-fore the membrane barrier to acetyl-CoA but acetylcarnitine is suggested to be transported through this membrane via an integral carnitine: acylcarnitine translocator. Evidence is presented to indicate that when the cotyledons from 48-h-grown peas are oxidising pyruvate, acetylcarnitine formed in the mitochondrial matrix by the action of matrix carnitine acetyltransferase may be transported to extra-mitochondrial sites via the membrane translocator.
β-Oxidation enzymes were detected both in the mitochondria and microbodies of pea cotyledons. Int... more β-Oxidation enzymes were detected both in the mitochondria and microbodies of pea cotyledons. Intact mitochondria did not show β-oxidation enzyme activity but in ruptured mitochondria this activity was high. It is apparent that the mitochondrial membrane barrier prevents rapid access of acyl-CoA substrates to matrix β-oxidation sites. Removal of the membrane barrier permits rapid access of acyl-CoAs and these enzyme activities may then be measured.
ABSTRACT H14CO3 was not incorporated into fatty acids by isolated pea leaf chloroplasts, which, t... more ABSTRACT H14CO3 was not incorporated into fatty acids by isolated pea leaf chloroplasts, which, therefore, do not possess a self-contained pathway for the synthesis of fatty acids from early intermediates of the Calvin cycle. Citrate, pyruvate, acetate and L-acetylcarnitine were all shown to act as sources of acetyl groups for fatty acid synthesis by pea leaf chloroplasts. L-acetylcarnitine was the best substrate, being incorporated into fatty acids at rates that were at least five-fold higher than those achieved with the other substrates. Citrate was incorporated into fatty acids at the lowest rate, followed by pyruvate, with acetate being incorporated at the second highest rate of all. When the isolated chloroplasts were ruptured, an inhibition of L-acetylcarnitine incorporation into fatty acids was noted, whilst acetate incorporation remained unaffected. L-acetylcarnitine also increased the ratio of monoenoic: saturated fatty acids synthesized, compared with a 1:1 ratio observed when citrate, pyruvate and acetate were supplied as substrates. It is suggested that L-carnitine and carnitine acyltransferases play a central role in plant acyl CoA metabolism by facilitating the transfer of activated acyl groups across membranes (acyl CoA barriers).
ABSTRACT Two sites for the β-oxidation of fatty acids in avocado (Persea americana L.) mesocarp e... more ABSTRACT Two sites for the β-oxidation of fatty acids in avocado (Persea americana L.) mesocarp exist. One site is the microbody, the other the mitochondrion. It is apparent that the mitochondrial membrane barrier, which remains intact after sucrose density gradient centrifugation, prevents rapid access of acyl CoA substrates to matrix β-oxidation sites. Thus, intact mitochondria showed little β-oxidation enzyme activity. Rupturing of the mitochondrial membrane allowed rapid access of the acyl CoA substrates to matrix sites. Consequently, in ruptured mitochondria, high O2-oxidation enzyme activities were measured. O2 uptake studies further distinguished the two organellar sites of β-oxidation. During palmitoyl CoA oxidation, O2 uptake was reduced by catalase and increased by KCN in the microbodies, whilst mitochondrial O2 uptake was unaffected by catalase and reduced by KCN. This reflected the differing fates of FADH2, produced during the first β-oxidation step, in the two organelles. In addition, only the mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids was carnitine-dependent.
Abstract. Whilst L-acetylcarnitine acted as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis by isolated pea ... more Abstract. Whilst L-acetylcarnitine acted as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis by isolated pea leaf chloroplasts, D-acetylcarnitine did not. This result, together with those obtained using the inhibitors D-carnitine and deoxycarnitine, indicated that L-acetylcarnitine was not being hydrolysed to free acetate prior to incorporation into chloroplast fatty acids. Seventy-five per cent and 66% inhibitions of L-acetylcarnitine incorporation into fatty acids, brought about by adding equimolar quantities of D-carnitine and deoxycarnitine, respectively, were suggestive of competitive inhibition at two points: an integral membrane translocator in the chloroplast envelope: and the carnitine acetyltransferase enzyme of the chloroplast stroma, which converts L-acetylcarnitine to acetyl CoA. Isotope competition experiments between acetate and L-acetylcarnitine confirmed that L-acetylcarnitine was the preferred substrate for pea chloroplast fatty acid synthesis.
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