This present study deals with the quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening, the antim... more This present study deals with the quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening, the antimicrobial properties and thin layer chromatography of Lavandula angustifolia leaves extracts. These were achieved using the cold maceration method of extraction involving hexane, water (aqueous) and ethanol, to ensure that a wide polarity range of components are extracted. Alkaloid, phenol, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, glycosides and steroids were observed present in the leaves extract of this plant. Quantitative analysis was also conducted to determine the percentage composition of some of the secondary metabolites, and the antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out using the well diffusion method to determine the susceptibility of the plant. It was interesting to note that the hexane extract of L. angustifolia have great potential of been used as a phytomedicine especially against the deadly salmonella typhi associated diseases e.g fever, malaria and typhoid at a better extent tha...
Background World Health Organization (WHO) reports that people who indulge in risky behaviours su... more Background World Health Organization (WHO) reports that people who indulge in risky behaviours such as penile-anal sex, unprotected intercourse, multiple sex partners, and alcohol and illicit drugs are at risk of HIV/AIDS and classified as Key Populations (KPs). Since the introduction of PrEP and HIVST for the key population groups in Nigeria, government entities and implementing partners have used a range of channels in messaging these essential services across to the target groups—ranging from in-person, social media, television, and radio adverts. Yet, few successes have been documented, thereby necessitating the need to understand the enabling facilitators, barriers to, and communication needs of the KP groups in messaging PrEP and HIVST services in Nigeria. Communicating PrEP and HIVST services will empower the key populations to seek available HIV prevention services and help to increase access to HIV testing services in Nigeria. Methods This study was a mixed-method cross-sec...
Water quality index was applied to assessment water quality of six different types of bottled wat... more Water quality index was applied to assessment water quality of six different types of bottled water that's available in Erbil city (Life, Shireen, Kani, Al-Hayat, Rawan, and Massafi) for drinking purposes, depending on the physicochemical parameters of water (Turbidity, EC, TDS, pH, Alkalinity, Hardness, Ca+2, Mg+2, and No3 -2). The water quality index showed that the Life, Rawan, and Massafi are excellent; also Shireen, Kani, and Al-Hayat are good for drinking purposes depending on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The results indicate the bottled water quality generally changed from years 2009 to 2012, some of the bottles have changed to the better and improved their quality, and another's changed to the worse side and declined their quality. WQI is also suggested as a very helpful tool that enable the public and decision makers to evaluate water quality of different bottle waters.
Abstract Previously developed methods for determining the wave functions and energy levels of sha... more Abstract Previously developed methods for determining the wave functions and energy levels of shallow donor impurities on the surface or in the bulk of a semiconductor have been extended to the case of impurities at a finite depth from the surface. Calculations were performed for impurities near either a (100) or (111) surface in Sci and for a (111) surface in Ge. The ground state and the excited state having the largest electric dipole coupling to the ground state wete determined. In addition, the optical absorption cross section for transitions from the ground state to this excited state were calculated for surface and near surface states. These results were used to calculate a theoretical absorption spectrum for Si doped uniformly to a depth of 10 atomic layers.
Background: The Nigerian 4.1% HIV-1 prevalence rate masks concentrated epidemics in most-at-risk ... more Background: The Nigerian 4.1% HIV-1 prevalence rate masks concentrated epidemics in most-at-risk populations (MARPs). Many MARPs are unable to access HIV services due to stigma and discrimination encountered in facilities. We report HIV and STI characteristics of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) enrolled in a community-based HIV/AIDS clinic in Abuja, Nigeria. Method: The Institute of Human Virology-Nigeria, a PEPFAR implementing partner, in partnership with ICARH, provides comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment in a safe community-based environment for MSM. HIV counseling and testing (HCT), prevention and support services are provided by the community-based organization staff and peer volunteers supplemented by a mobile physician-led multidisciplinary team from a linked tertiary center and mobile laboratory services. All MSM clients are enrolled in the clinic irrespective of HIV status. Results: In 4 months, 122 MSM (13 reporting being married or divorced), with a mean...
A variational approach has been used to solve the effective-mass equation, when the impurity ion ... more A variational approach has been used to solve the effective-mass equation, when the impurity ion is located at a depth d from the surface of a semiconductor, where O<d<db and db represents the case when the impurity lon lS in the bulk of the semiconductor. The ground state and the excited state having the largest electric dipole coupling to the ground state have been determined. We have plotted the energy dependence on the depth of the impurity lon from the surface of the semiconductor. The energy has also been calculated as a function of the orientation of the c-axis of the mass-ellipsoid to the surface of the semiconductor. Finally, the optical absorption coefficient for transitions from the ground state to the excited state has been calculated for the surface, bulk and the near surface states. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to my advisor, Dr. Wayne E. Tefft for suggesting the problem and for his valuable advice. Thanks are also due to Dean H. Q Fuller for granting to me the opportunity to complete my degree and for his generous support with computer time; Dr. Robert J. Bell who supplied useful experimental information, and to Hugh D. Holt, Jr. who helped with the original computer program and Victor Pol who did the diagrams. lll Last, but certainly not least, I express my appreciation to my parents who have patiently borne my long absence. I also express thanks to Drs. William James and Wayne E. Tefft for financial support.
This present study deals with the quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening, the antim... more This present study deals with the quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening, the antimicrobial properties and thin layer chromatography of Lavandula angustifolia leaves extracts. These were achieved using the cold maceration method of extraction involving hexane, water (aqueous) and ethanol, to ensure that a wide polarity range of components are extracted. Alkaloid, phenol, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, glycosides and steroids were observed present in the leaves extract of this plant. Quantitative analysis was also conducted to determine the percentage composition of some of the secondary metabolites, and the antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out using the well diffusion method to determine the susceptibility of the plant. It was interesting to note that the hexane extract of L. angustifolia have great potential of been used as a phytomedicine especially against the deadly salmonella typhi associated diseases e.g fever, malaria and typhoid at a better extent tha...
Background World Health Organization (WHO) reports that people who indulge in risky behaviours su... more Background World Health Organization (WHO) reports that people who indulge in risky behaviours such as penile-anal sex, unprotected intercourse, multiple sex partners, and alcohol and illicit drugs are at risk of HIV/AIDS and classified as Key Populations (KPs). Since the introduction of PrEP and HIVST for the key population groups in Nigeria, government entities and implementing partners have used a range of channels in messaging these essential services across to the target groups—ranging from in-person, social media, television, and radio adverts. Yet, few successes have been documented, thereby necessitating the need to understand the enabling facilitators, barriers to, and communication needs of the KP groups in messaging PrEP and HIVST services in Nigeria. Communicating PrEP and HIVST services will empower the key populations to seek available HIV prevention services and help to increase access to HIV testing services in Nigeria. Methods This study was a mixed-method cross-sec...
Water quality index was applied to assessment water quality of six different types of bottled wat... more Water quality index was applied to assessment water quality of six different types of bottled water that's available in Erbil city (Life, Shireen, Kani, Al-Hayat, Rawan, and Massafi) for drinking purposes, depending on the physicochemical parameters of water (Turbidity, EC, TDS, pH, Alkalinity, Hardness, Ca+2, Mg+2, and No3 -2). The water quality index showed that the Life, Rawan, and Massafi are excellent; also Shireen, Kani, and Al-Hayat are good for drinking purposes depending on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The results indicate the bottled water quality generally changed from years 2009 to 2012, some of the bottles have changed to the better and improved their quality, and another's changed to the worse side and declined their quality. WQI is also suggested as a very helpful tool that enable the public and decision makers to evaluate water quality of different bottle waters.
Abstract Previously developed methods for determining the wave functions and energy levels of sha... more Abstract Previously developed methods for determining the wave functions and energy levels of shallow donor impurities on the surface or in the bulk of a semiconductor have been extended to the case of impurities at a finite depth from the surface. Calculations were performed for impurities near either a (100) or (111) surface in Sci and for a (111) surface in Ge. The ground state and the excited state having the largest electric dipole coupling to the ground state wete determined. In addition, the optical absorption cross section for transitions from the ground state to this excited state were calculated for surface and near surface states. These results were used to calculate a theoretical absorption spectrum for Si doped uniformly to a depth of 10 atomic layers.
Background: The Nigerian 4.1% HIV-1 prevalence rate masks concentrated epidemics in most-at-risk ... more Background: The Nigerian 4.1% HIV-1 prevalence rate masks concentrated epidemics in most-at-risk populations (MARPs). Many MARPs are unable to access HIV services due to stigma and discrimination encountered in facilities. We report HIV and STI characteristics of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) enrolled in a community-based HIV/AIDS clinic in Abuja, Nigeria. Method: The Institute of Human Virology-Nigeria, a PEPFAR implementing partner, in partnership with ICARH, provides comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment in a safe community-based environment for MSM. HIV counseling and testing (HCT), prevention and support services are provided by the community-based organization staff and peer volunteers supplemented by a mobile physician-led multidisciplinary team from a linked tertiary center and mobile laboratory services. All MSM clients are enrolled in the clinic irrespective of HIV status. Results: In 4 months, 122 MSM (13 reporting being married or divorced), with a mean...
A variational approach has been used to solve the effective-mass equation, when the impurity ion ... more A variational approach has been used to solve the effective-mass equation, when the impurity ion is located at a depth d from the surface of a semiconductor, where O<d<db and db represents the case when the impurity lon lS in the bulk of the semiconductor. The ground state and the excited state having the largest electric dipole coupling to the ground state have been determined. We have plotted the energy dependence on the depth of the impurity lon from the surface of the semiconductor. The energy has also been calculated as a function of the orientation of the c-axis of the mass-ellipsoid to the surface of the semiconductor. Finally, the optical absorption coefficient for transitions from the ground state to the excited state has been calculated for the surface, bulk and the near surface states. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to my advisor, Dr. Wayne E. Tefft for suggesting the problem and for his valuable advice. Thanks are also due to Dean H. Q Fuller for granting to me the opportunity to complete my degree and for his generous support with computer time; Dr. Robert J. Bell who supplied useful experimental information, and to Hugh D. Holt, Jr. who helped with the original computer program and Victor Pol who did the diagrams. lll Last, but certainly not least, I express my appreciation to my parents who have patiently borne my long absence. I also express thanks to Drs. William James and Wayne E. Tefft for financial support.
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