Thirteen satellite precipitation products (SPPs), re-gridded to 1 km resolution, were evaluated i... more Thirteen satellite precipitation products (SPPs), re-gridded to 1 km resolution, were evaluated in terms of the structural similarity index (SSI) over the Pra catchment in Ghana. Three SPP scenarios were considered: Scenario one (S1) was the original SPPs; Scenario two (S2) was bias-corrected SPPs; and Scenario three (S3) was the better of S1 and S2 for each wet day. For each scenario, the best SPP was selected to constitute the 14th SPP referred to as the BEST SPP. Each SPP was evaluated in terms of SSI against the rain gauge rainfield for each wet day. For S1, the top three SPPs were TMPA, GSMAP and CMORPH; for S2, CMORPH, PERCCS and MSWEP were the top three; and for S3, CMORPH, PERCCS and TMPA came out on top in order of decreasing performance. Bias correction led to improvement in the overall SSI measure (SSIM) for 73% of wet days. The BEST SPP increased the SSIM of the best individual SPP by over 50% for S1, and over 30% for both S2 and S3. Comparing the BEST SPP of the three s...
The design of water and electric power systems has traditionally been done independently or consi... more The design of water and electric power systems has traditionally been done independently or considering simplified interdependencies between the two systems. This potentially misses valuable synergies between them and does not consider in detail the distribution of benefits between different sectors or regions. This paper presents a framework to couple integrated water-power network simulators with multi-objective optimisation under uncertainty to explore the implications of explicitly including spatial topology and interdependencies in the design of multi-sector integrated systems. A synthetic case study that incorporates sectoral dependencies in resource allocation, operation of multi-purpose reservoirs and spatially distributed infrastructure selection in both systems is used. The importance of explicitly modelling the distribution of benefits across different sectors and regions is explored by comparing different spatially aggregated and disaggregated multi-objective optimisation formulations. The results show the disaggregated formulation identifies a diverse set of non-dominated portfolios that enables addressing the spatial and sectoral distribution of benefits, whilst the aggregated formulations arbitrarily induce unintended biases. The proposed disaggregated approach allows for detailed spatial design of interlinked water and power systems considering their complex regional and sectoral trade-offs. The framework is intended to assist planners in real resource systems where diverse stakeholder groups are mindful of receiving their fair share of development benefits.
<p>New dams can alter river flow regimes impacting downstream benefits and ... more <p>New dams can alter river flow regimes impacting downstream benefits and multi-sector services from water infrastructure and ecosystems. Impacts can be unpredictable in complex transboundary river basins that do not follow standardised operating rules nor have extensive historical data. In this case it is more difficult to assess the consequences of new infrastructure and provide a structured approach to achieve cooperative operating strategies to avoid transboundary water conflicts. This study presents a framework to evaluate the benefits of cooperation on managing new dams in transboundary multi-sector river basins that do not have formal cooperating strategies. A case study of the new Pwalugu Multipurpose Dam (PMD) located in Ghana’s Volta river basin is provided. The PMD could impact downstream riverine livelihood, ecosystem services, and water infrastructure like the downstream Aksomobo hydropower plant, the country's largest installed generation plant (1,020 MW). Also, the PDM could be impacted by future irritation developments of the Bagre Dam, an existing upstream dam managed in Burkina Faso. We show that a non-cooperative operation between the PMD and the Bagre dam in Burkina Faso could reduce inflows into the Akosombo dam, negatively impacting national hydropower generation. Also, a non-cooperative operation could decrease floods in Northern Ghana, impacting environmental services and local communities that depend on flood recession activities. We show that cooperative infrastructure management achieved by the proposed approach could offset possible negative impacts produced by the new PMD.</p>
women traditionally cultivated local vegetables around the house. In the French-speaking countrie... more women traditionally cultivated local vegetables around the house. In the French-speaking countries of West Africa, temperate vegetable farming was introduced in the colonial time. Prisoners and local soldiers (men) were obliged to produce temperate vegetables for them. Later, these vegetables were also grown in school gardens. Gender of farmers in various towns of West Africa
Thirteen satellite precipitation products (SPPs), re-gridded to 1 km resolution, were evaluated i... more Thirteen satellite precipitation products (SPPs), re-gridded to 1 km resolution, were evaluated in terms of the structural similarity index (SSI) over the Pra catchment in Ghana. Three SPP scenarios were considered: Scenario one (S1) was the original SPPs; Scenario two (S2) was bias-corrected SPPs; and Scenario three (S3) was the better of S1 and S2 for each wet day. For each scenario, the best SPP was selected to constitute the 14th SPP referred to as the BEST SPP. Each SPP was evaluated in terms of SSI against the rain gauge rainfield for each wet day. For S1, the top three SPPs were TMPA, GSMAP and CMORPH; for S2, CMORPH, PERCCS and MSWEP were the top three; and for S3, CMORPH, PERCCS and TMPA came out on top in order of decreasing performance. Bias correction led to improvement in the overall SSI measure (SSIM) for 73% of wet days. The BEST SPP increased the SSIM of the best individual SPP by over 50% for S1, and over 30% for both S2 and S3. Comparing the BEST SPP of the three s...
The design of water and electric power systems has traditionally been done independently or consi... more The design of water and electric power systems has traditionally been done independently or considering simplified interdependencies between the two systems. This potentially misses valuable synergies between them and does not consider in detail the distribution of benefits between different sectors or regions. This paper presents a framework to couple integrated water-power network simulators with multi-objective optimisation under uncertainty to explore the implications of explicitly including spatial topology and interdependencies in the design of multi-sector integrated systems. A synthetic case study that incorporates sectoral dependencies in resource allocation, operation of multi-purpose reservoirs and spatially distributed infrastructure selection in both systems is used. The importance of explicitly modelling the distribution of benefits across different sectors and regions is explored by comparing different spatially aggregated and disaggregated multi-objective optimisation formulations. The results show the disaggregated formulation identifies a diverse set of non-dominated portfolios that enables addressing the spatial and sectoral distribution of benefits, whilst the aggregated formulations arbitrarily induce unintended biases. The proposed disaggregated approach allows for detailed spatial design of interlinked water and power systems considering their complex regional and sectoral trade-offs. The framework is intended to assist planners in real resource systems where diverse stakeholder groups are mindful of receiving their fair share of development benefits.
<p>New dams can alter river flow regimes impacting downstream benefits and ... more <p>New dams can alter river flow regimes impacting downstream benefits and multi-sector services from water infrastructure and ecosystems. Impacts can be unpredictable in complex transboundary river basins that do not follow standardised operating rules nor have extensive historical data. In this case it is more difficult to assess the consequences of new infrastructure and provide a structured approach to achieve cooperative operating strategies to avoid transboundary water conflicts. This study presents a framework to evaluate the benefits of cooperation on managing new dams in transboundary multi-sector river basins that do not have formal cooperating strategies. A case study of the new Pwalugu Multipurpose Dam (PMD) located in Ghana’s Volta river basin is provided. The PMD could impact downstream riverine livelihood, ecosystem services, and water infrastructure like the downstream Aksomobo hydropower plant, the country's largest installed generation plant (1,020 MW). Also, the PDM could be impacted by future irritation developments of the Bagre Dam, an existing upstream dam managed in Burkina Faso. We show that a non-cooperative operation between the PMD and the Bagre dam in Burkina Faso could reduce inflows into the Akosombo dam, negatively impacting national hydropower generation. Also, a non-cooperative operation could decrease floods in Northern Ghana, impacting environmental services and local communities that depend on flood recession activities. We show that cooperative infrastructure management achieved by the proposed approach could offset possible negative impacts produced by the new PMD.</p>
women traditionally cultivated local vegetables around the house. In the French-speaking countrie... more women traditionally cultivated local vegetables around the house. In the French-speaking countries of West Africa, temperate vegetable farming was introduced in the colonial time. Prisoners and local soldiers (men) were obliged to produce temperate vegetables for them. Later, these vegetables were also grown in school gardens. Gender of farmers in various towns of West Africa
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