Background: Suicide is a global preventable public health problem. About a quarter of all suicide... more Background: Suicide is a global preventable public health problem. About a quarter of all suicides in the world occur in South Asia. As means restriction is an important suicide prevention strategy, gaining knowledge of the common suicide methods and their changing trends in each country and region is crucial. Aims: We aimed to assess the suicide methods in South Asian countries over the last two decades. Methods: A search was performed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the search terms. Original articles of quantitative studies, published in the English language, from 2001 to 2020, with full-accessible text, that rank different methods of suicide in eight South Asian countries, were included. Results: A total of 68 studies were found eligible for review. The Maximum number of studies were found from India ( n = 38), followed by Bangladesh ( n = 12), Pakistan ( n = 9), Sri Lanka ( n = 6), and Nepal ( n = 3). Hanging ( n = 40, 55.8%) and poisoning ( n = 24, 3...
An influenza-like virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is res... more An influenza-like virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 disease and spread worldwide within a short time. COVID-19 has now become a significant concern for public health. Obesity is highly prevalent worldwide and is considered a risk factor for impairing the adaptive immune system. Although diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and renal failure are considered the risk factors for COVID-19, obesity is not yet well-considered. The present study approaches establishing a systemic association between the prevalence of obesity and its impact on immunity concerning the severe outcomes of COVID-19 utilizing existing knowledge. Overall study outcomes documented the worldwide prevalence of obesity, its effects on immunity, and a possible underlying mechanism covering obesity-related risk pathways for the severe outcomes of COVID-19. Overall understanding from the present study is that being an immune system impai...
The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project passes through the Karakoram Highway in north... more The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project passes through the Karakoram Highway in northern Pakistan, which is one of the most hazardous regions of the world. The most common hazards in this region are landslides and debris flows, which result in loss of life and severe infrastructure damage every year. This study assessed geohazards (landslides and debris flows) and developed susceptibility maps by considering four standalone machine-learning and statistical approaches, namely, Logistic Regression (LR), Shannon Entropy (SE), Weights-of-Evidence (WoE), and Frequency Ratio (FR) models. To this end, geohazard inventories were prepared using remote sensing techniques with field observations and historical hazard datasets. The spatial relationship of thirteen conditioning factors, namely, slope (degree), distance to faults, geology, elevation, distance to rivers, slope aspect, distance to road, annual mean rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index, profile curvature, str...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
When any loss of the tooth structure happens, it’s restoration using different filling materials ... more When any loss of the tooth structure happens, it’s restoration using different filling materials is essential to compensate for the defective parts. Among the most commonly used dental restorative materials, dental amalgam & composite resins prevail. We have searched the relevant studies that compared composite resins and amalgam restorations to review them in different aspects including the clinical, economic, biocompatibility and patients’ perspectives. Regarding the clinical perspective, most of the reviewed investigations showed that composite resin restorations were associated with higher failure rates and developed dental caries more than restorations made by the amalgam alloys. There were no significant differences noticed between the two materials regarding the side effects as both caused nearly similar neurological and renal affection. Based on the findings from previous studies, we could only notice that some studies reported that microalbuminuria may be associated with co...
Aim: The study explores the material properties of two different grades of prefabricated polyviny... more Aim: The study explores the material properties of two different grades of prefabricated polyvinyl alcohol filaments in terms of drug-loading capacity and printability. Materials & methods: Loratadine was loaded into these filaments or their scaffolds by impregnation and they were evaluated for physical and mechanical properties, drug content and printability. Results: The Type I (Pc) filament, being more flexible, showed approximately 100-times higher drug loading compared with the Type II (Pm) filament. However, the diameter of the Pc filament increased by 35% with decreased mechanical strength on soaking in drug solution, which made it unsuitable for 3D printing. On the other hand, the Pm filament was tougher and showed a meager amount of drug loading (<1 mg per 0.5 g) but remained mechanically stronger with good printability. Conclusion: Therapeutic doses of low-dose drug can be loaded efficiently in printed scaffolds of Pc filament.
Background and objectives: The 57 countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) are ... more Background and objectives: The 57 countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) are experiencing rapid increases in their burden of cancer. The First Ladies Against Cancer meeting at the 2016 OIC meeting in Istanbul committed to the importance of cancer control and the need for more evidence to support national cancer control planning (NCCP). Strong research systems are a crucial aspect of NCCP, but few data exist to support policy-makers across this political grouping Methodology: We identified all cancer research papers from OIC countries in the Web of Science from 2008 to 2017 with a filter based on journal names and title words, with high precision and recall. We analysed the country outputs, the cancer sites investigated, the types of research, sources of funding and the citations to the papers. Results: There were 49,712 cancer research papers over this period. The leading countries in terms of output were Turkey, Iran, Egypt and Malaysia, but the most cited papers were from Qatar, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. International collaboration was low, except in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The site-specific cancers accounting for most research were breast and blood, correlating with their disease burden in the OIC countries , but lung, cervical and oesophageal cancers were relatively under-researched. Most funding from within the OIC countries was from their own university sector. Conclusion: Cancer is seriously under-researched in most of the OIC countries. This will undermine the ability of these countries and OIC as a whole to deliver on better cancer control for their populations. New policies, OIC leadership and funding are urgently needed to address this situation.
Background: Surgical departments across the UK are having to mitigate increasing service demands,... more Background: Surgical departments across the UK are having to mitigate increasing service demands, budget constraints and changes to work patterns, with their statutory duty to provide high-quality training and education. In an overstretched NHS, securing consultant-led teaching for junior doctors has become increasingly difficult leading to the rise of near-peer teaching. We evaluate the long-term effectiveness of a near-peer surgical teaching programme for junior doctors. Methods: We developed a rolling 12-week trainee-led, didactic surgical education programme for junior doctors and incorporated a three-tiered leadership and handover mechanism involving lead junior doctors, registrars and a lead consultant to ensure consistency and programme continuity. Junior doctors delivered presentations to their peers with close supervision and input from registrars. Participants provided session and supervision feedback using 5-point scales and free-text responses. Data was collected using G...
Background: Suicide is a global preventable public health problem. About a quarter of all suicide... more Background: Suicide is a global preventable public health problem. About a quarter of all suicides in the world occur in South Asia. As means restriction is an important suicide prevention strategy, gaining knowledge of the common suicide methods and their changing trends in each country and region is crucial. Aims: We aimed to assess the suicide methods in South Asian countries over the last two decades. Methods: A search was performed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the search terms. Original articles of quantitative studies, published in the English language, from 2001 to 2020, with full-accessible text, that rank different methods of suicide in eight South Asian countries, were included. Results: A total of 68 studies were found eligible for review. The Maximum number of studies were found from India ( n = 38), followed by Bangladesh ( n = 12), Pakistan ( n = 9), Sri Lanka ( n = 6), and Nepal ( n = 3). Hanging ( n = 40, 55.8%) and poisoning ( n = 24, 3...
An influenza-like virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is res... more An influenza-like virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 disease and spread worldwide within a short time. COVID-19 has now become a significant concern for public health. Obesity is highly prevalent worldwide and is considered a risk factor for impairing the adaptive immune system. Although diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and renal failure are considered the risk factors for COVID-19, obesity is not yet well-considered. The present study approaches establishing a systemic association between the prevalence of obesity and its impact on immunity concerning the severe outcomes of COVID-19 utilizing existing knowledge. Overall study outcomes documented the worldwide prevalence of obesity, its effects on immunity, and a possible underlying mechanism covering obesity-related risk pathways for the severe outcomes of COVID-19. Overall understanding from the present study is that being an immune system impai...
The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project passes through the Karakoram Highway in north... more The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project passes through the Karakoram Highway in northern Pakistan, which is one of the most hazardous regions of the world. The most common hazards in this region are landslides and debris flows, which result in loss of life and severe infrastructure damage every year. This study assessed geohazards (landslides and debris flows) and developed susceptibility maps by considering four standalone machine-learning and statistical approaches, namely, Logistic Regression (LR), Shannon Entropy (SE), Weights-of-Evidence (WoE), and Frequency Ratio (FR) models. To this end, geohazard inventories were prepared using remote sensing techniques with field observations and historical hazard datasets. The spatial relationship of thirteen conditioning factors, namely, slope (degree), distance to faults, geology, elevation, distance to rivers, slope aspect, distance to road, annual mean rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index, profile curvature, str...
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
When any loss of the tooth structure happens, it’s restoration using different filling materials ... more When any loss of the tooth structure happens, it’s restoration using different filling materials is essential to compensate for the defective parts. Among the most commonly used dental restorative materials, dental amalgam & composite resins prevail. We have searched the relevant studies that compared composite resins and amalgam restorations to review them in different aspects including the clinical, economic, biocompatibility and patients’ perspectives. Regarding the clinical perspective, most of the reviewed investigations showed that composite resin restorations were associated with higher failure rates and developed dental caries more than restorations made by the amalgam alloys. There were no significant differences noticed between the two materials regarding the side effects as both caused nearly similar neurological and renal affection. Based on the findings from previous studies, we could only notice that some studies reported that microalbuminuria may be associated with co...
Aim: The study explores the material properties of two different grades of prefabricated polyviny... more Aim: The study explores the material properties of two different grades of prefabricated polyvinyl alcohol filaments in terms of drug-loading capacity and printability. Materials & methods: Loratadine was loaded into these filaments or their scaffolds by impregnation and they were evaluated for physical and mechanical properties, drug content and printability. Results: The Type I (Pc) filament, being more flexible, showed approximately 100-times higher drug loading compared with the Type II (Pm) filament. However, the diameter of the Pc filament increased by 35% with decreased mechanical strength on soaking in drug solution, which made it unsuitable for 3D printing. On the other hand, the Pm filament was tougher and showed a meager amount of drug loading (<1 mg per 0.5 g) but remained mechanically stronger with good printability. Conclusion: Therapeutic doses of low-dose drug can be loaded efficiently in printed scaffolds of Pc filament.
Background and objectives: The 57 countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) are ... more Background and objectives: The 57 countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) are experiencing rapid increases in their burden of cancer. The First Ladies Against Cancer meeting at the 2016 OIC meeting in Istanbul committed to the importance of cancer control and the need for more evidence to support national cancer control planning (NCCP). Strong research systems are a crucial aspect of NCCP, but few data exist to support policy-makers across this political grouping Methodology: We identified all cancer research papers from OIC countries in the Web of Science from 2008 to 2017 with a filter based on journal names and title words, with high precision and recall. We analysed the country outputs, the cancer sites investigated, the types of research, sources of funding and the citations to the papers. Results: There were 49,712 cancer research papers over this period. The leading countries in terms of output were Turkey, Iran, Egypt and Malaysia, but the most cited papers were from Qatar, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. International collaboration was low, except in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The site-specific cancers accounting for most research were breast and blood, correlating with their disease burden in the OIC countries , but lung, cervical and oesophageal cancers were relatively under-researched. Most funding from within the OIC countries was from their own university sector. Conclusion: Cancer is seriously under-researched in most of the OIC countries. This will undermine the ability of these countries and OIC as a whole to deliver on better cancer control for their populations. New policies, OIC leadership and funding are urgently needed to address this situation.
Background: Surgical departments across the UK are having to mitigate increasing service demands,... more Background: Surgical departments across the UK are having to mitigate increasing service demands, budget constraints and changes to work patterns, with their statutory duty to provide high-quality training and education. In an overstretched NHS, securing consultant-led teaching for junior doctors has become increasingly difficult leading to the rise of near-peer teaching. We evaluate the long-term effectiveness of a near-peer surgical teaching programme for junior doctors. Methods: We developed a rolling 12-week trainee-led, didactic surgical education programme for junior doctors and incorporated a three-tiered leadership and handover mechanism involving lead junior doctors, registrars and a lead consultant to ensure consistency and programme continuity. Junior doctors delivered presentations to their peers with close supervision and input from registrars. Participants provided session and supervision feedback using 5-point scales and free-text responses. Data was collected using G...
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Papers by fahad hussain