Computer-aided discovery, validation and mechanistic characterisation of novel neolignan activato... more Computer-aided discovery, validation and mechanistic characterisation of novel neolignan activators of PPAR
The extraction of kratom (M. speciosa) leaf powder was optimized with preliminary extraction to b... more The extraction of kratom (M. speciosa) leaf powder was optimized with preliminary extraction to be further optimized with the Box-Behnken experimental design. The individual and interactive effects of process variables (sample-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, solvent concentration) were assessed. The preliminary extraction results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and methanol were chosen for further optimization. The experimental data were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second-order polynomial models were developed using multiple regression analysis. The model developed showed a good fit with the experimental data with a high coefficient of correlation (R2) and predictive ability (predicted R2). An optimization study was performed and the optimal extraction conditions were sample-to-solvent ratio value 1.5:10; extraction time of 10 minutes, and methanol concentration of 100%.
Inflammation is a local response of living tissue to an injury. Prostaglandin that formation cata... more Inflammation is a local response of living tissue to an injury. Prostaglandin that formation catabolized by the cyclooxygenase enzyme is one of the mediators released on inflammation. It is necessary to look for an agent that can affect the regulation of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. From previous studies it is known that the dichloromethane extract of Plantago lanceolata leaves inhibits NF-kB inflammatory mediators and activate PPARs in vitro in HEK293 cells (Human Embryonic Kidney) and inhibits leukocyte migration. Therefore, in this study, we assessed whether the insoluble fraction of n-hexane from dichloromethane extract Plantago lanceolata (FTLH) leaves antiinflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro. Research on anti-inflammatory activity of standarized FTLH has done by looking at the volume of edema, expression of COX-2 and inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 to assess selectivity. Mice were divided into 6 groups. Negative group control induced carrageenan on the left hind paw and solvent oils given orally, positive group induced carrageenan and given indomethacin 37.5 mg /kgBW and Na diclofenac at dose of 19.5 mg /kgBW, test group were treated FTLH at doses 39 mg /kgBW, 78 mg/kgBW and 156 mg/kgBW. The paw volume was measured with plethysmometer at 0 hr and for 6 hours after treatment. The removal of tissue on the foot for further immunohistochemical staining to determine COX-2. Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 was conducted by Colorimetric COX (ovine) Inhibitor Screening Assay kit (Cayman). The results showed FTLH provide anti-inflammatory activity with power value respectively by (22.84± 6,52)%
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Curcuma sp. is generally used for medicine, starch sources, preservatives, dyes and cosmetics. Th... more Curcuma sp. is generally used for medicine, starch sources, preservatives, dyes and cosmetics. The use of Curcuma spp. for medical has increased because there have been many studies related to its active ingredients, such as flavonoids, essential oils, tannins, quinones, and terpenoids, as well as pharmacological activities, including wound healing, antioxidants, antifungal, anticancer, gastroprotective, and hepatoprotective. Curcuma purpurascens Blume is a species of Curcuma from family Zingiberaceae and used for traditional medicine. This article focuses on reviewing the literatures on C. purpurascens and discussing its morphology, phytochemical content, and pharmacological aspects. The method used to review this article was by exploring several databases such as Scopus, Pub Med, and Google Scholar to identify and download original articles and research journals related to the morphology, phytochemical content, and biological activity of Curcuma purpurascens Blume. The result of t...
Introduction: Memory dysfunction has remained a challenging issue globally. Nootropics have prove... more Introduction: Memory dysfunction has remained a challenging issue globally. Nootropics have proven fruitful in managing cognitive dysfunction but because of their side effects, opportunities exist to explore alternatives. White cabbage is a cost-effective natural source of phytochemicals without side effects and has remained uninvestigated as a nootropic agent. This study sought to identify secondary metabolites in white cabbage extract (WCE) and to predict the molecular interaction between the phytochemical constituents of cabbage and phosphodiesterase-1B (PDE1B) using in silico studies. Methods: The WCE was prepared by macerating crushed fresh white cabbage with ethanol for 24 h with continuous stirring. The phytochemical profile of WCE was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry, and molecular docking studies were performed to predict the underlying mechanism action of the phytochemicals with PDE1B. Results: The TLC-densitometry analysis showed that WCE was a ...
Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan salah satu penyebab paling tinggi kematian di dunia. Salah satu... more Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan salah satu penyebab paling tinggi kematian di dunia. Salah satu penyebab penyakit kardiovaskular yaitu terjadinya agregasi platelet yang abnormal. Terapi yang digunakan untuk penyakit kardiovaskular salah satunya menggunakan agen antiplatelet. Aspirin merupakan agen antiplatelet yang sudah lama digunakan. Akan tetapi penggunaan aspirin dapat menyebabkan resistensi dan memiliki efek samping yang dapat mengiritasi lambung bahkan sampai kematian. Untuk mengurangi efek samping tersebut salah satu alternatif terapinya menggunakan bahan alam. Penelitian pendahuluan mengenai uji aktivitas antiplatelet dari beberapa tanaman asal Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik buah P. cubeba memiliki aktivitas antiplatelet yang baik. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antiplatelet ekstrak etanolik buah P. cubeba pada platelet terinduksi ADP. Pengujian aktivitas antiplatelet ekstrak etanolik buah P. cubeba pada Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) yang di induksi ADP menggunakan metode agregometri. Data yang diperoleh merupakan persentase agregasi berdasarkan perubahan kerapatan optik yang direkam pada agregometer. Persentase inhibisi dihitung relatif terhadap pelarut (DMSO) dan dibandingkan dengan aspirin. Dari hasil uji aktivitas antiplatelet menggunakan metode agregometri pada platelet terinduksi ADP menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik buah P. cubeba memiliki aktivitas antiplatelet dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 813 Aƒi?½A‚µg/ml, yang lebih lemah dari nilai IC50 aspirin sebesar 2 Aƒi?½A‚µg/ml atau 11Aƒi?½A‚µM. Cardiovascular disease is one of the highest causes of death in the world. One cause of cardiovascular disease is the occurrence of abnormal platelet aggregation. One of the therapies used for cardiovascular disease is by using antiplatelet agents. Aspirin is an antiplatelet agent that has long been used. However, the use of aspirin can cause resistance and has side effects that can irritate the stomach or even death. To reduce the side effects, one of the alternative therapies is by using natural materials. The preliminary study on antiplatelet activity test of several plants from Indonesia showed that the ethanolic extract of P. cubeba has a good antiplatelet activity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antiplatelet activity of ethanolic extract of P. cubeba on ADP-induced platelet. The test of the antiplatelet activity of ethanolic extract of P. cubeba in Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) induced by ADP is by using aggregometry method. The data obtained is the aggregation percentage by optical density changes recorded on agregometer. Inhibition percentage is calculated relatively to the solvent (DMSO) and compared to aspirin. Based on the test results using aggregometry method, antiplatelet activity on ADP-induced platelet showed that ethanolic extract of P. cubeba has antiplatelet activity with IC50 values of 813 pg / ml, which is weaker than the IC50 value of aspirin of 2 ug / ml or 11Aƒi?½A‚¼M.
Berbagai tumbuhan di kawasan pantai memiliki banyak potensi yang dapat bermanfaat dalam bidang fa... more Berbagai tumbuhan di kawasan pantai memiliki banyak potensi yang dapat bermanfaat dalam bidang farmasi, tetapi sampai saat ini penelitian untuk pengembangan dan penemuan obat baru masih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi aktivitas antibakteri, antijamur dan penangkapan radikal alami berbagai tumbuhan koleksi dari kawasan Pantai Baru Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur dilakukan dengan metode dilusi padat, uji aktivitas penangkapan radikal dilakukan dengan metode DPPH dan penentuan kadar flavonoid total dianalisis dengan metode spektrofotometri. Data uji aktivitas penangkapan radikal berupa absorbansi yang dianalisis untuk mendapat % aktivitas penangkapan radikal pada masing-masing sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 50 I¼g/mL ekstrak diklorometan Cissus adnata Roxb. memiliki aktivitas penangkapan radikal sebesar 15,62 %, Cassytha filiformis L. 37,87 %, Jussiaea peruviana L. 6,07 % dan Phyllanthus niruri L. 18,10 %. Pada konsentrasi 50 I¼g/mL ekstrak metanol Cissus adnata Roxb. memiliki aktivitas penangkapan radikal sebesar 90,61 %, Cassytha filiformis L. 93,62 %, Jussiaea peruviana L. 90,99 % dan Phyllanthus niruri L. 93,48 %. Sebagai pembanding digunakan vitamin C. Penentuan kandungan flavonoid total dilakukan pada sampel dengan aktivitas penangkapan radikal tertinggi yaitu ekstrak metanol Cassytha filiformis L. yang diperoleh dari persamaan regresi linear kuersetin sebagai pembanding y = 1,817x + 0,287 dengan nilai r2 = 0,983. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak diklorometan Cissus adnata Roxb., Cassytha filiformis L., Jussiaea peruviana L. dan Phyllanthus niruri L. tidak mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur. -
Computer-aided discovery, validation and mechanistic characterisation of novel neolignan activato... more Computer-aided discovery, validation and mechanistic characterisation of novel neolignan activators of PPAR
The extraction of kratom (M. speciosa) leaf powder was optimized with preliminary extraction to b... more The extraction of kratom (M. speciosa) leaf powder was optimized with preliminary extraction to be further optimized with the Box-Behnken experimental design. The individual and interactive effects of process variables (sample-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, solvent concentration) were assessed. The preliminary extraction results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and methanol were chosen for further optimization. The experimental data were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second-order polynomial models were developed using multiple regression analysis. The model developed showed a good fit with the experimental data with a high coefficient of correlation (R2) and predictive ability (predicted R2). An optimization study was performed and the optimal extraction conditions were sample-to-solvent ratio value 1.5:10; extraction time of 10 minutes, and methanol concentration of 100%.
Inflammation is a local response of living tissue to an injury. Prostaglandin that formation cata... more Inflammation is a local response of living tissue to an injury. Prostaglandin that formation catabolized by the cyclooxygenase enzyme is one of the mediators released on inflammation. It is necessary to look for an agent that can affect the regulation of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. From previous studies it is known that the dichloromethane extract of Plantago lanceolata leaves inhibits NF-kB inflammatory mediators and activate PPARs in vitro in HEK293 cells (Human Embryonic Kidney) and inhibits leukocyte migration. Therefore, in this study, we assessed whether the insoluble fraction of n-hexane from dichloromethane extract Plantago lanceolata (FTLH) leaves antiinflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro. Research on anti-inflammatory activity of standarized FTLH has done by looking at the volume of edema, expression of COX-2 and inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 to assess selectivity. Mice were divided into 6 groups. Negative group control induced carrageenan on the left hind paw and solvent oils given orally, positive group induced carrageenan and given indomethacin 37.5 mg /kgBW and Na diclofenac at dose of 19.5 mg /kgBW, test group were treated FTLH at doses 39 mg /kgBW, 78 mg/kgBW and 156 mg/kgBW. The paw volume was measured with plethysmometer at 0 hr and for 6 hours after treatment. The removal of tissue on the foot for further immunohistochemical staining to determine COX-2. Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 was conducted by Colorimetric COX (ovine) Inhibitor Screening Assay kit (Cayman). The results showed FTLH provide anti-inflammatory activity with power value respectively by (22.84± 6,52)%
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Curcuma sp. is generally used for medicine, starch sources, preservatives, dyes and cosmetics. Th... more Curcuma sp. is generally used for medicine, starch sources, preservatives, dyes and cosmetics. The use of Curcuma spp. for medical has increased because there have been many studies related to its active ingredients, such as flavonoids, essential oils, tannins, quinones, and terpenoids, as well as pharmacological activities, including wound healing, antioxidants, antifungal, anticancer, gastroprotective, and hepatoprotective. Curcuma purpurascens Blume is a species of Curcuma from family Zingiberaceae and used for traditional medicine. This article focuses on reviewing the literatures on C. purpurascens and discussing its morphology, phytochemical content, and pharmacological aspects. The method used to review this article was by exploring several databases such as Scopus, Pub Med, and Google Scholar to identify and download original articles and research journals related to the morphology, phytochemical content, and biological activity of Curcuma purpurascens Blume. The result of t...
Introduction: Memory dysfunction has remained a challenging issue globally. Nootropics have prove... more Introduction: Memory dysfunction has remained a challenging issue globally. Nootropics have proven fruitful in managing cognitive dysfunction but because of their side effects, opportunities exist to explore alternatives. White cabbage is a cost-effective natural source of phytochemicals without side effects and has remained uninvestigated as a nootropic agent. This study sought to identify secondary metabolites in white cabbage extract (WCE) and to predict the molecular interaction between the phytochemical constituents of cabbage and phosphodiesterase-1B (PDE1B) using in silico studies. Methods: The WCE was prepared by macerating crushed fresh white cabbage with ethanol for 24 h with continuous stirring. The phytochemical profile of WCE was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry, and molecular docking studies were performed to predict the underlying mechanism action of the phytochemicals with PDE1B. Results: The TLC-densitometry analysis showed that WCE was a ...
Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan salah satu penyebab paling tinggi kematian di dunia. Salah satu... more Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan salah satu penyebab paling tinggi kematian di dunia. Salah satu penyebab penyakit kardiovaskular yaitu terjadinya agregasi platelet yang abnormal. Terapi yang digunakan untuk penyakit kardiovaskular salah satunya menggunakan agen antiplatelet. Aspirin merupakan agen antiplatelet yang sudah lama digunakan. Akan tetapi penggunaan aspirin dapat menyebabkan resistensi dan memiliki efek samping yang dapat mengiritasi lambung bahkan sampai kematian. Untuk mengurangi efek samping tersebut salah satu alternatif terapinya menggunakan bahan alam. Penelitian pendahuluan mengenai uji aktivitas antiplatelet dari beberapa tanaman asal Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik buah P. cubeba memiliki aktivitas antiplatelet yang baik. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antiplatelet ekstrak etanolik buah P. cubeba pada platelet terinduksi ADP. Pengujian aktivitas antiplatelet ekstrak etanolik buah P. cubeba pada Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) yang di induksi ADP menggunakan metode agregometri. Data yang diperoleh merupakan persentase agregasi berdasarkan perubahan kerapatan optik yang direkam pada agregometer. Persentase inhibisi dihitung relatif terhadap pelarut (DMSO) dan dibandingkan dengan aspirin. Dari hasil uji aktivitas antiplatelet menggunakan metode agregometri pada platelet terinduksi ADP menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik buah P. cubeba memiliki aktivitas antiplatelet dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 813 Aƒi?½A‚µg/ml, yang lebih lemah dari nilai IC50 aspirin sebesar 2 Aƒi?½A‚µg/ml atau 11Aƒi?½A‚µM. Cardiovascular disease is one of the highest causes of death in the world. One cause of cardiovascular disease is the occurrence of abnormal platelet aggregation. One of the therapies used for cardiovascular disease is by using antiplatelet agents. Aspirin is an antiplatelet agent that has long been used. However, the use of aspirin can cause resistance and has side effects that can irritate the stomach or even death. To reduce the side effects, one of the alternative therapies is by using natural materials. The preliminary study on antiplatelet activity test of several plants from Indonesia showed that the ethanolic extract of P. cubeba has a good antiplatelet activity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antiplatelet activity of ethanolic extract of P. cubeba on ADP-induced platelet. The test of the antiplatelet activity of ethanolic extract of P. cubeba in Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) induced by ADP is by using aggregometry method. The data obtained is the aggregation percentage by optical density changes recorded on agregometer. Inhibition percentage is calculated relatively to the solvent (DMSO) and compared to aspirin. Based on the test results using aggregometry method, antiplatelet activity on ADP-induced platelet showed that ethanolic extract of P. cubeba has antiplatelet activity with IC50 values of 813 pg / ml, which is weaker than the IC50 value of aspirin of 2 ug / ml or 11Aƒi?½A‚¼M.
Berbagai tumbuhan di kawasan pantai memiliki banyak potensi yang dapat bermanfaat dalam bidang fa... more Berbagai tumbuhan di kawasan pantai memiliki banyak potensi yang dapat bermanfaat dalam bidang farmasi, tetapi sampai saat ini penelitian untuk pengembangan dan penemuan obat baru masih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi aktivitas antibakteri, antijamur dan penangkapan radikal alami berbagai tumbuhan koleksi dari kawasan Pantai Baru Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur dilakukan dengan metode dilusi padat, uji aktivitas penangkapan radikal dilakukan dengan metode DPPH dan penentuan kadar flavonoid total dianalisis dengan metode spektrofotometri. Data uji aktivitas penangkapan radikal berupa absorbansi yang dianalisis untuk mendapat % aktivitas penangkapan radikal pada masing-masing sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 50 I¼g/mL ekstrak diklorometan Cissus adnata Roxb. memiliki aktivitas penangkapan radikal sebesar 15,62 %, Cassytha filiformis L. 37,87 %, Jussiaea peruviana L. 6,07 % dan Phyllanthus niruri L. 18,10 %. Pada konsentrasi 50 I¼g/mL ekstrak metanol Cissus adnata Roxb. memiliki aktivitas penangkapan radikal sebesar 90,61 %, Cassytha filiformis L. 93,62 %, Jussiaea peruviana L. 90,99 % dan Phyllanthus niruri L. 93,48 %. Sebagai pembanding digunakan vitamin C. Penentuan kandungan flavonoid total dilakukan pada sampel dengan aktivitas penangkapan radikal tertinggi yaitu ekstrak metanol Cassytha filiformis L. yang diperoleh dari persamaan regresi linear kuersetin sebagai pembanding y = 1,817x + 0,287 dengan nilai r2 = 0,983. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak diklorometan Cissus adnata Roxb., Cassytha filiformis L., Jussiaea peruviana L. dan Phyllanthus niruri L. tidak mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur. -
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