Genetic variation of Avicennia marina in the costal area of Vietnam was examined using microsatel... more Genetic variation of Avicennia marina in the costal area of Vietnam was examined using microsatellite and AFLP markers. By using five microsatellite loci a total of 21 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus per population ranged from 1.667 to 3.000. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.180 to 0.263, with an average of 0.210 indicating relatively low level of genetic variation comparing to the previous studies on A. marina in the worldwide range. The expected heterozygosity was larger than the observed heterozygosity leading to positive inbreeding coefficients in all the six populations. Highly significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were detected in four populations. AFLP analysis revealed a total of 386 loci, of which 232 (60.1%) were polymorphic. In congruent with microsatellite markers relatively low levels of genetic variation were detected at both gene and nucleotide levels (H = 0.086; pi = 0.0054). Reduced level of genetic variation was found in the central population, and in the southern populations. Both microsatellite and AFLP markers revealed large genetic differentiation (F(ST) = 0.262 and 0.338, respectively) indicating strong genetic structure among regional populations. Pairwise genetic distance by AFLP showed two populations in the north and the other two in the south are closely related each other.
To assess the in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to mefloquine and artesunate in a hype... more To assess the in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to mefloquine and artesunate in a hyperendemic area of southern Viet Nam, we studied 41 children and 21 adults from a remote commune who had uncomplicated falciparum malaria without previous treatment. Patients were randomly allocated to artesunate (4 mg/kg on day 0 and 2 mg/kg on days 1-4) or mefloquine (10 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg at 6 h). Serial assessments were performed over 28 days. Of 31 patients allocated artesunate, nine (29%) redeveloped parasitaemia during follow-up compared with 23% (seven of 30) who received mefloquine. Of the 41 children, 15 (37%) had recrudescence/re-infection compared with only one of 20 adults (5%; p < 0.001). Significantly more children than adults failed on mefloquine treatment (37% vs 0%; p = 0.021) and one case showed RIII resistance. There was no significant difference in the case of artesunate. In regression analysis, parasitaemia was an independent predictor of recrudescence/re-infection after mefloquine (p = 0.02). These data support the use of combination therapy such as artesunate plus mefloquine for falciparum malaria in a hyperendemic area of Viet Nam. Primarily because of their greater parasite densities, children should be given higher doses of mefloquine (e.g. 25 mg/kg).
Mangroves are constituent plants of tropical and subtropical intertidal forest communities. In or... more Mangroves are constituent plants of tropical and subtropical intertidal forest communities. In order to assess their genetic variations and understand the contributing factors determining their genetic structures, we investigated sequence variation of the matK (maturase K) region of plastid ...
Genetic variation of Avicennia marina in the costal area of Vietnam was examined using microsatel... more Genetic variation of Avicennia marina in the costal area of Vietnam was examined using microsatellite and AFLP markers. By using five microsatellite loci a total of 21 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus per population ranged from 1.667 to 3.000. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.180 to 0.263, with an average of 0.210 indicating relatively low level of genetic variation comparing to the previous studies on A. marina in the worldwide range. The expected heterozygosity was larger than the observed heterozygosity leading to positive inbreeding coefficients in all the six populations. Highly significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were detected in four populations. AFLP analysis revealed a total of 386 loci, of which 232 (60.1%) were polymorphic. In congruent with microsatellite markers relatively low levels of genetic variation were detected at both gene and nucleotide levels (H = 0.086; pi = 0.0054). Reduced level of genetic variation was found in the central population, and in the southern populations. Both microsatellite and AFLP markers revealed large genetic differentiation (F(ST) = 0.262 and 0.338, respectively) indicating strong genetic structure among regional populations. Pairwise genetic distance by AFLP showed two populations in the north and the other two in the south are closely related each other.
To assess the in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to mefloquine and artesunate in a hype... more To assess the in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to mefloquine and artesunate in a hyperendemic area of southern Viet Nam, we studied 41 children and 21 adults from a remote commune who had uncomplicated falciparum malaria without previous treatment. Patients were randomly allocated to artesunate (4 mg/kg on day 0 and 2 mg/kg on days 1-4) or mefloquine (10 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg at 6 h). Serial assessments were performed over 28 days. Of 31 patients allocated artesunate, nine (29%) redeveloped parasitaemia during follow-up compared with 23% (seven of 30) who received mefloquine. Of the 41 children, 15 (37%) had recrudescence/re-infection compared with only one of 20 adults (5%; p < 0.001). Significantly more children than adults failed on mefloquine treatment (37% vs 0%; p = 0.021) and one case showed RIII resistance. There was no significant difference in the case of artesunate. In regression analysis, parasitaemia was an independent predictor of recrudescence/re-infection after mefloquine (p = 0.02). These data support the use of combination therapy such as artesunate plus mefloquine for falciparum malaria in a hyperendemic area of Viet Nam. Primarily because of their greater parasite densities, children should be given higher doses of mefloquine (e.g. 25 mg/kg).
Mangroves are constituent plants of tropical and subtropical intertidal forest communities. In or... more Mangroves are constituent plants of tropical and subtropical intertidal forest communities. In order to assess their genetic variations and understand the contributing factors determining their genetic structures, we investigated sequence variation of the matK (maturase K) region of plastid ...
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