In deze bijdrage worden Poolse en Nederlandse nominale samenstellingen vergeleken en worden, met ... more In deze bijdrage worden Poolse en Nederlandse nominale samenstellingen vergeleken en worden, met het oog op het leren van Nederlands door Poolstalige studenten, de overeenkomsten tussen beide verschijnselen globaal in kaart gebracht. Dit, omdat het didactisch gezien een beter uitgangspunt biedt om uit te gaan van overeenkomsten. Voor het Nederlands wordt aan de hand van de literatuur eerst nagegaan wat het verschil is tussen een woordgroep en een samenstelling. Vervolgens worden de kenmerkende eigenschappen van nominale samenstellingen beschreven. Hierbij ligt de nadruk op de semantische en formele rechtshoofdigheid, op het klemtoonpatroon en op mogelijke verbindingsklanken. Vervolgens worden, wederom op basis van de bestaande literatuur, vergelijkbare Poolse samenstellingen geanalyseerd en beschreven. Tenslotte wordt vastgesteld dat de kenmerkende eigenschappen van Nederlandse en Poolse nominale samenstellingen, hoezeer ze ook verschillen in frequentie, vrijwel volledig samenvallen...
This paper discusses the failures of the European security agenda against Putin’s Russia. It desc... more This paper discusses the failures of the European security agenda against Putin’s Russia. It describes how after WWII the world believed in and worked on multilateral cooperation and consultation and how Europe in particular was therefore convinced that peace and security policies should be conducted with soft powers. The remainder of the article then proposes the two pillars on which a new security agenda should be based: multilateralism combined with a deterrent defense. The contribution ends with an epilogue explaining how Russian restitution payments to Ukraine can be made possible.
The Interaction of Borrowing and Word Formation, 2020
In modern West-Germanic and Scandinavian languages one comes across words such as German Nudo(‘nu... more In modern West-Germanic and Scandinavian languages one comes across words such as German Nudo(‘nudist’), Swedish fyllo (‘alcoholic’) and Dutch lullo (‘asshole’). All these words are recently coined under the influence of American English words such as psycho, from psychopath, lesbo, from lesbian, and kiddo from kid. This chapter describes how this new pattern of shortened and monosyllabic -o words has spread across the word and how it was able to compete with other shortened, ‘clipped’ words such as English sex from sexual activity, plane from aeroplane, flu from influenza and clipped and monosyllabic forms with a suffix -y/-ie, so called hypocoristics, such as telly from television set, Andy from Andrew and hottie from hot. It also explains how this new Italian-style American English suffix managed to put aside its own Swedish, German and Dutch patterns and how this new -opattern was borrowed and became productive via a process of reinterpretation in these languages.
In this paper clipping in Dutch, English and German is discussed. In English there exist three di... more In this paper clipping in Dutch, English and German is discussed. In English there exist three different processes of clipping. The first results in monosyllabic CVC-forms, the two others in disyllabic trochaic forms, the first of this pair with final -o , the last one ending in -i. In Dutch there are mainly two processes of clipping. The first one resulting in monosyllabic CVC-forms, the second in trochaic forms ending in -o. German also has disyllabic clipped forms but mainly ending in -i. This paper shows how the co-occurrence of a diminutive or hypocoristic suffix -i in German and the absence of a similar suffix in Dutch can explain the non-occurrence of -i clipped forms in Dutch and at the same time of -o clipped forms in German.
This paper discusses the language policy of the EU and especially of the Council of Europe. Speci... more This paper discusses the language policy of the EU and especially of the Council of Europe. Special attention is given to the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages, which has been introduced by the Council of Europe in 1992. Finally the way Ukrainian authorities deal with regional and minority languages in Ukraine is discussed. The special position of Russian alongside Ukrainian is considered.
This paper discusses clipping in a few Germanic languages, English, Dutch, Swedish and German. It... more This paper discusses clipping in a few Germanic languages, English, Dutch, Swedish and German. It deals with older monosyllabic clipped forms as well as with recently borrowed disyllabic clipping patterns with final -o. Attention is also given to a more traditional pattern in which clipping goes hand in hand with diminutive or hypocoristic suffixation. The data discussed in this paper show on the one hand how output resemblances influence possible innovations and on the other hand how prosodic preferences may reinforce such innovations. It is also shown how crucial the role of the naive language user is when it comes to innovation. This language user borrows a coherent set of lexemes from a foreign language, subsequently finds out what possible system governs this set and introduces this pattern into his own language, where it becomes productive.
About the first days of generative grammar in France, East-Germany, Hungary and especially the Ne... more About the first days of generative grammar in France, East-Germany, Hungary and especially the Netherlands (Amsterdam), where already in 1958 a group of young linguistis started to study generative grammar.
This study starts with a description of the first years of Dutch broadcasting and focusses on the... more This study starts with a description of the first years of Dutch broadcasting and focusses on the role religion played in this period. This role appears so important that the Dutch broadcasting system became prototypical for the Dutch 'verzuiling', 'pillarization'. In the second part of the article it is sketched how the impact of religion in the radio and television programs decreased in the 1960's and '70's, which led to a certain 'de-pillarization'. The last part of this paper shows how evangelical Chrisians reacted on this development and why they established a new religiously inspired station.
In this paper clipping in Dutch, English and German is discussed. In English there exist three di... more In this paper clipping in Dutch, English and German is discussed. In English there exist three different processes of clipping. The first results in monosyllabic CVC-forms, the two others in disyllabic trochaic forms, the first of this pair with final -o , the last one ending in -i. In Dutch there are mainly two processes of clipping. The first one resulting in monosyllabic CVC-forms, the second in trochaic forms ending in -o. German also has disyllabic clipped forms but mainly ending in -i. This paper shows how the co-occurrence of a diminutive or hypocoristic suffix -i in German and the absence of a similar suffix in Dutch can explain the non-occurrence of -i clipped forms in Dutch and at the same time of -o clipped forms in German.
This paper summarizes the discussion about the origin and the status of Afrikaans. Two schools ap... more This paper summarizes the discussion about the origin and the status of Afrikaans. Two schools appear to be opposed to each other: the philological school and a creolistic view. The philological school tried to demonstrate with meticulous research of sources that Afrikaans is a full daughter of 17th century Dutch, which set foot ashore with van Riebeeck in 1652 at the Cape of Good Hope. Linguists who thought of a pattern of creolization in the formation of Afrikaans point to the influence of the languages of slaves brought to South Africa and to the influence of the original inhabitants, the Khoi and the San. This contribution mainly outlines the ideological background of these two schools of thought. For the philological school this is the system of Apartheid, while for the Creolist view the emphasis is more on decolonization.
Against linguistic prudishness. About -gate and other libfixes This study aims to discuss libfixi... more Against linguistic prudishness. About -gate and other libfixes This study aims to discuss libfixing as a non-morphemic process of word formation. Libfixes are ‘liberated’ elements that originate from the reanalysis of existing words, usually opaque forms or blends. A well-known example of a libfix is -gate from Watergate, whose borrowing and spreading in Dutch has been discussed by . Among the other examples that are discussed are English -cation as in mancation, Franken- as in Frankenfood and Dutch -naise as in yogonaise and -talië as in Kapitalië. This contribution shows how widespread the process of libfixing is. Moreover, it is claimed that libfixing operates systematically and can therefore be a subject of morphological analysis and theory. In addition, it is shown in this analysis that it is irrelevant whether a new formation is consciously formed or that it is the result of an unconscious productive process. What counts is whether the neologism is acceptable as a word in the language in question. Examples that are discussed in this article come from English and Dutch.
In deze bijdrage worden Poolse en Nederlandse nominale samenstellingen vergeleken en worden, met ... more In deze bijdrage worden Poolse en Nederlandse nominale samenstellingen vergeleken en worden, met het oog op het leren van Nederlands door Poolstalige studenten, de overeenkomsten tussen beide verschijnselen globaal in kaart gebracht. Dit, omdat het didactisch gezien een beter uitgangspunt biedt om uit te gaan van overeenkomsten. Voor het Nederlands wordt aan de hand van de literatuur eerst nagegaan wat het verschil is tussen een woordgroep en een samenstelling. Vervolgens worden de kenmerkende eigenschappen van nominale samenstellingen beschreven. Hierbij ligt de nadruk op de semantische en formele rechtshoofdigheid, op het klemtoonpatroon en op mogelijke verbindingsklanken. Vervolgens worden, wederom op basis van de bestaande literatuur, vergelijkbare Poolse samenstellingen geanalyseerd en beschreven. Tenslotte wordt vastgesteld dat de kenmerkende eigenschappen van Nederlandse en Poolse nominale samenstellingen, hoezeer ze ook verschillen in frequentie, vrijwel volledig samenvallen...
This paper discusses the failures of the European security agenda against Putin’s Russia. It desc... more This paper discusses the failures of the European security agenda against Putin’s Russia. It describes how after WWII the world believed in and worked on multilateral cooperation and consultation and how Europe in particular was therefore convinced that peace and security policies should be conducted with soft powers. The remainder of the article then proposes the two pillars on which a new security agenda should be based: multilateralism combined with a deterrent defense. The contribution ends with an epilogue explaining how Russian restitution payments to Ukraine can be made possible.
The Interaction of Borrowing and Word Formation, 2020
In modern West-Germanic and Scandinavian languages one comes across words such as German Nudo(‘nu... more In modern West-Germanic and Scandinavian languages one comes across words such as German Nudo(‘nudist’), Swedish fyllo (‘alcoholic’) and Dutch lullo (‘asshole’). All these words are recently coined under the influence of American English words such as psycho, from psychopath, lesbo, from lesbian, and kiddo from kid. This chapter describes how this new pattern of shortened and monosyllabic -o words has spread across the word and how it was able to compete with other shortened, ‘clipped’ words such as English sex from sexual activity, plane from aeroplane, flu from influenza and clipped and monosyllabic forms with a suffix -y/-ie, so called hypocoristics, such as telly from television set, Andy from Andrew and hottie from hot. It also explains how this new Italian-style American English suffix managed to put aside its own Swedish, German and Dutch patterns and how this new -opattern was borrowed and became productive via a process of reinterpretation in these languages.
In this paper clipping in Dutch, English and German is discussed. In English there exist three di... more In this paper clipping in Dutch, English and German is discussed. In English there exist three different processes of clipping. The first results in monosyllabic CVC-forms, the two others in disyllabic trochaic forms, the first of this pair with final -o , the last one ending in -i. In Dutch there are mainly two processes of clipping. The first one resulting in monosyllabic CVC-forms, the second in trochaic forms ending in -o. German also has disyllabic clipped forms but mainly ending in -i. This paper shows how the co-occurrence of a diminutive or hypocoristic suffix -i in German and the absence of a similar suffix in Dutch can explain the non-occurrence of -i clipped forms in Dutch and at the same time of -o clipped forms in German.
This paper discusses the language policy of the EU and especially of the Council of Europe. Speci... more This paper discusses the language policy of the EU and especially of the Council of Europe. Special attention is given to the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages, which has been introduced by the Council of Europe in 1992. Finally the way Ukrainian authorities deal with regional and minority languages in Ukraine is discussed. The special position of Russian alongside Ukrainian is considered.
This paper discusses clipping in a few Germanic languages, English, Dutch, Swedish and German. It... more This paper discusses clipping in a few Germanic languages, English, Dutch, Swedish and German. It deals with older monosyllabic clipped forms as well as with recently borrowed disyllabic clipping patterns with final -o. Attention is also given to a more traditional pattern in which clipping goes hand in hand with diminutive or hypocoristic suffixation. The data discussed in this paper show on the one hand how output resemblances influence possible innovations and on the other hand how prosodic preferences may reinforce such innovations. It is also shown how crucial the role of the naive language user is when it comes to innovation. This language user borrows a coherent set of lexemes from a foreign language, subsequently finds out what possible system governs this set and introduces this pattern into his own language, where it becomes productive.
About the first days of generative grammar in France, East-Germany, Hungary and especially the Ne... more About the first days of generative grammar in France, East-Germany, Hungary and especially the Netherlands (Amsterdam), where already in 1958 a group of young linguistis started to study generative grammar.
This study starts with a description of the first years of Dutch broadcasting and focusses on the... more This study starts with a description of the first years of Dutch broadcasting and focusses on the role religion played in this period. This role appears so important that the Dutch broadcasting system became prototypical for the Dutch 'verzuiling', 'pillarization'. In the second part of the article it is sketched how the impact of religion in the radio and television programs decreased in the 1960's and '70's, which led to a certain 'de-pillarization'. The last part of this paper shows how evangelical Chrisians reacted on this development and why they established a new religiously inspired station.
In this paper clipping in Dutch, English and German is discussed. In English there exist three di... more In this paper clipping in Dutch, English and German is discussed. In English there exist three different processes of clipping. The first results in monosyllabic CVC-forms, the two others in disyllabic trochaic forms, the first of this pair with final -o , the last one ending in -i. In Dutch there are mainly two processes of clipping. The first one resulting in monosyllabic CVC-forms, the second in trochaic forms ending in -o. German also has disyllabic clipped forms but mainly ending in -i. This paper shows how the co-occurrence of a diminutive or hypocoristic suffix -i in German and the absence of a similar suffix in Dutch can explain the non-occurrence of -i clipped forms in Dutch and at the same time of -o clipped forms in German.
This paper summarizes the discussion about the origin and the status of Afrikaans. Two schools ap... more This paper summarizes the discussion about the origin and the status of Afrikaans. Two schools appear to be opposed to each other: the philological school and a creolistic view. The philological school tried to demonstrate with meticulous research of sources that Afrikaans is a full daughter of 17th century Dutch, which set foot ashore with van Riebeeck in 1652 at the Cape of Good Hope. Linguists who thought of a pattern of creolization in the formation of Afrikaans point to the influence of the languages of slaves brought to South Africa and to the influence of the original inhabitants, the Khoi and the San. This contribution mainly outlines the ideological background of these two schools of thought. For the philological school this is the system of Apartheid, while for the Creolist view the emphasis is more on decolonization.
Against linguistic prudishness. About -gate and other libfixes This study aims to discuss libfixi... more Against linguistic prudishness. About -gate and other libfixes This study aims to discuss libfixing as a non-morphemic process of word formation. Libfixes are ‘liberated’ elements that originate from the reanalysis of existing words, usually opaque forms or blends. A well-known example of a libfix is -gate from Watergate, whose borrowing and spreading in Dutch has been discussed by . Among the other examples that are discussed are English -cation as in mancation, Franken- as in Frankenfood and Dutch -naise as in yogonaise and -talië as in Kapitalië. This contribution shows how widespread the process of libfixing is. Moreover, it is claimed that libfixing operates systematically and can therefore be a subject of morphological analysis and theory. In addition, it is shown in this analysis that it is irrelevant whether a new formation is consciously formed or that it is the result of an unconscious productive process. What counts is whether the neologism is acceptable as a word in the language in question. Examples that are discussed in this article come from English and Dutch.
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