In 2003, the March 1 st resolution expected by the US to be accepted by the Turkish parliament wa... more In 2003, the March 1 st resolution expected by the US to be accepted by the Turkish parliament was rejected and this is a shocking result for the US. This decision became the beginning of a new term in Turkish-American relations. Why couldn't the United States get support from Turkey at a time when Turkish-American relations were going well and increased? What were the factors that had an impact on such a decision from the Grand National Assembly of Turkey? According to realist perspective, Turkey should accept the March 1 st resolution. Therefore, rejection of the resolution is a decision that does not coincide with the realistic thought on national interest and security of states. Nevertheless, although IR theories enable us to analyze and predict states' decisions or behaviors, sometimes they can be inadequate to explain states' policies. That is why, much of the IR theory ignores many factors that have an effect on States' choices and policies. Therefore, in this paper, I will try to discuss the factors like domestic politics, leaders, group dynamics, culture and religion that affect the decision-making process in March 1 st resolution period.
Analysis of Two Concepts in the Commodity Chapter of Marx' Capital: The two factor of commodity a... more Analysis of Two Concepts in the Commodity Chapter of Marx' Capital: The two factor of commodity and the dual character of the labor embodied in commodities Capital (Das Kapital) is seen as the one of the most important and impressive books of Karl Marx. Capital made a significant contribution to the economic theory and political economic theory. Today, the Capital still maintains its importance because Marx treats the capitalist mode of production in this work. Marx could talk about similar ideas and theories in his different writings. Nevertheless, Capital is not the summary of his ideas;1 Because of this; it is necessary to be considered independently of Marx's other works. The first few chapters of capital are seen as the most difficult and complex parts of the Capital. Marx used a different style of writing and terminology from his other works and he explained and defined each concept in detail. This might make these chapters more difficult to understand for readers. However; these chapters are very significant to catch the Marx's understanding of capitalism. Therefore; in this essay, I will try to make clear some concepts which Marx used in the first chapter of Capital, in The Commodity Chapter. I will try to explain the concepts in the first two sections of the commodity chapter. These are the two factors of the commodity: use-value and exchange value; and the dual character of labor embodied in commodities: concrete labor and abstract labor. First of all, why commodity is so important? Why did Marx start to explain commodity before capital? Marx gives answer of these questions at the beginning of the chapter: " The wealth of societies in which the capitalist mode of production prevails appears as an 'immense collection of commodities'; the individual commodity appears as its elementary form. Our investigation therefore begins with the analysis of the commodities " 2 As we see that capitalist mode of production is a system which depends on collection of commodities or production of commodities for sale and thus the individual commodity is the basic form in capitalist system. Because of this, we have to start with analyzing commodity if we want to explain capital and capitalism according to Marx. A good or a commodity, first of all, is a beneficial thing for human beings. From the point of Marx's view,
In 2003, the March 1 st resolution expected by the US to be accepted by the Turkish parliament wa... more In 2003, the March 1 st resolution expected by the US to be accepted by the Turkish parliament was rejected and this is a shocking result for the US. This decision became the beginning of a new term in Turkish-American relations. Why couldn't the United States get support from Turkey at a time when Turkish-American relations were going well and increased? What were the factors that had an impact on such a decision from the Grand National Assembly of Turkey? According to realist perspective, Turkey should accept the March 1 st resolution. Therefore, rejection of the resolution is a decision that does not coincide with the realistic thought on national interest and security of states. Nevertheless, although IR theories enable us to analyze and predict states' decisions or behaviors, sometimes they can be inadequate to explain states' policies. That is why, much of the IR theory ignores many factors that have an effect on States' choices and policies. Therefore, in this paper, I will try to discuss the factors like domestic politics, leaders, group dynamics, culture and religion that affect the decision-making process in March 1 st resolution period.
Analysis of Two Concepts in the Commodity Chapter of Marx' Capital: The two factor of commodity a... more Analysis of Two Concepts in the Commodity Chapter of Marx' Capital: The two factor of commodity and the dual character of the labor embodied in commodities Capital (Das Kapital) is seen as the one of the most important and impressive books of Karl Marx. Capital made a significant contribution to the economic theory and political economic theory. Today, the Capital still maintains its importance because Marx treats the capitalist mode of production in this work. Marx could talk about similar ideas and theories in his different writings. Nevertheless, Capital is not the summary of his ideas;1 Because of this; it is necessary to be considered independently of Marx's other works. The first few chapters of capital are seen as the most difficult and complex parts of the Capital. Marx used a different style of writing and terminology from his other works and he explained and defined each concept in detail. This might make these chapters more difficult to understand for readers. However; these chapters are very significant to catch the Marx's understanding of capitalism. Therefore; in this essay, I will try to make clear some concepts which Marx used in the first chapter of Capital, in The Commodity Chapter. I will try to explain the concepts in the first two sections of the commodity chapter. These are the two factors of the commodity: use-value and exchange value; and the dual character of labor embodied in commodities: concrete labor and abstract labor. First of all, why commodity is so important? Why did Marx start to explain commodity before capital? Marx gives answer of these questions at the beginning of the chapter: " The wealth of societies in which the capitalist mode of production prevails appears as an 'immense collection of commodities'; the individual commodity appears as its elementary form. Our investigation therefore begins with the analysis of the commodities " 2 As we see that capitalist mode of production is a system which depends on collection of commodities or production of commodities for sale and thus the individual commodity is the basic form in capitalist system. Because of this, we have to start with analyzing commodity if we want to explain capital and capitalism according to Marx. A good or a commodity, first of all, is a beneficial thing for human beings. From the point of Marx's view,
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