The dynamics of two slender Hopf-linked vortex rings at vortex Reynolds numbers ( $Re \equiv \var... more The dynamics of two slender Hopf-linked vortex rings at vortex Reynolds numbers ( $Re \equiv \varGamma /\nu, \mathrm {circulation/viscosity}$ ) $2000$ , $3000$ and $4000$ is studied using direct numerical simulations of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Under self-induction, the initially perpendicularly placed vortex rings approach each other and reconnect to form two separate vortex rings. The leading ring is closely cuddled and further undergoes secondary reconnection to form two even smaller rings. At high $Re$ , the leading ring and the subsequent smaller rings are unstable and break up into turbulent clouds consisting of numerous even smaller-scale structures. Although the global helicity $H$ remains constant before reconnection, it increases and then rapidly decays during reconnection – both the growth and decay rates increase with $Re$ . In the two higher $Re$ (i.e. 3000 and 4000) cases, $H$ further rises after the first reconnection and reaches a quasi-plateau wit...
Acoustic conjugate metamaterials (ACMs), in which the imaginary parts of the effective complex ma... more Acoustic conjugate metamaterials (ACMs), in which the imaginary parts of the effective complex mass density and bulk compressibility are cancelled out in the refractive index, possess the elements of loss and gain simultaneously. Previous works have focused on panel ACMs for plane wave incidence. In this paper, we explore the extraordinary scattering properties, including the acoustic equivalent lasing (AEL) and coherent perfect absorption (CPA) modes, of a three-dimensional ACM sphere, where incident spherical waves with specific topological orders could be extremely scattered and totally absorbed, respectively. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the AEL or CPA mode with a single order can be realized with a small monolayer ACM sphere with appropriate parameters. A huge (relative to incident wavelength) ACM sphere with pure imaginary parameters could support the even- (or odd-) order AEL and odd- (or even-) order CPA modes simultaneously. In addition, the AEL ...
Background Colon cancer is the third leading cause of death in the world. According to the etiolo... more Background Colon cancer is the third leading cause of death in the world. According to the etiology, colon cancer can be divided into three categories: sporadic, hereditary, and colitis-associated colon cancer(CAC). In terms of clinical features, CAC patients have younger age of onset, more multiple lesions, more difficult to find under endoscope, stronger tumor invasiveness than sporadic colorectal cancer patients. Early detection of CAC by endoscopic monitoring is a challenge, and the incidence of septal colorectal cancer is still high. So it is indispensable to find the biomarkers to predict tumorigenesis of CAC. Methods The gene expression profiles of GSE43338 and GSE4904 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Limma package was used to standardize the data and obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was evaluated by STRING database. The Cytoscape software was used to establish PPI network and to perform mo...
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is mainly expressed on neutrophils and macrophages and h... more Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is mainly expressed on neutrophils and macrophages and has neutrophil chemoattractant activity. However, natural killer (NK) cells also express CXCL1. We were curious about the role played by CXCL1 in NK cells. Knocking out CXCL1 in hematopoietic cells does not affect the occurrence of NK cells; however, it does hinder NK cell maturity. CXCL1 deletion enhances the expression of immature markers and decreases the expression of functional markers in NK cells, which may explain why it hinders the maturation of NK cells. Specific knockout of CXCL1 in NK cells (CXCL1flox/flox Ncr1-cre) leads to impaired IFN-γ production and degranulation of NK cells. The lack of CXCL1 may prevent IFN-γ production and degranulation of NK cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKTS473 and S6. Therefore, we have discovered a new role for CXCL1 in regulating NK cell development and immune surveillance, providing a novel theoretical basis for immunotherapy based on NK cells and potential therapeutic targets for the clinical use of NK cells. 1. Knockout of CXCL1 in hematopoietic cells inhibits the maturation of NK cells. 2. Knockout of CXCL1 in NK cells inhibits the clearance of lymphoma by NK cells and reduces IFN-γ production and CD107 expression in NK cells. 3. CXCL1 activates the PKD2/mTOR signaling pathway, and promotes the production of IFN-γ and the expression of CD107a in NK cells.
We present an all-solid, reprogrammable meta-platform, which can be rapidly (re)programmed into n... more We present an all-solid, reprogrammable meta-platform, which can be rapidly (re)programmed into nearly arbitrary photonic devices by writing/erasing patterns on it. The writing is performed with a low-power laser, and the erasing utilizes global cooling.
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is common in East Asia, yet its molecular and pathogenic mechanism... more Background Gastric cancer (GC) is common in East Asia, yet its molecular and pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are differentially expressed in GC and may be promising biomarkers. Here, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of circTMC5 in GC. Methods CircTMC5 expression was detected in human GC and adjacent tissues using microarray assays and qRT-PCR, while the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC were used to assess its diagnostic and prognostic value. The circTMC5/miR-361-3p/RABL6 axis was examined in vitro and vivo, and the immune roles of RABL6 were evaluated using bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results CircTMC5 was highly expressed in GC tissues, plasma, and cell lines, and was closely related to histological grade, pathological stage, and T classification in patients with GC. CircTMC5 expression was also an independent prognostic factor for GC and its combined detection with carcinoembryonic antigen may improve GC diagnosis. Low circTMC5 expression correlated with good prognosis, inhibited GC cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, circTMC5 overexpression promoted GC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis but inhibited apoptosis by sponging miR-361-3p and up-regulating RABL6 in vitro and vivo, whereas miR-361-3p up-regulation had the opposite effects. RABL6 was highly expressed in GC and was involved in immune regulation and infiltration in GC. Conclusions CircTMC5 promotes GC and sponges miR-361-3p to up-regulate RABL6 expression, thus may have diagnostic and prognostic value in GC. RABL6 also displays therapeutic promise due to its role in the immune regulation of GC.
Tunable optical transitions in ultrathin layered 2-dimensional (2D) materials unveil the electron... more Tunable optical transitions in ultrathin layered 2-dimensional (2D) materials unveil the electronic structures of materials and provide exciting prospects for potential applications in optics and photonics. Here, we present our realization of dynamic optical modulation of layered metal chalcogenide nanoplates using ionic liquid (IL) gating over a wide spectral range. The IL gating significantly increased the tuning range of the Fermi level and, as a result, substantially altered the optical transitions in the nanoplates. Using heavily ndoped Bi2Se3 nanoplates, we substantially modulated the light transmission through the ultrathin layer. A tunable, high-transmission spectral window in the visible to near-infrared region has been observed due to simultaneous shifts of both the plasma edge and absorption edge of the material. On the other hand, optical response of multilayer MoSe2 flakes gated by IL has shown enhanced transmission in both positive and negative biases, which is consist...
Walking stability is an important factor that is related to working accidents at height. The unde... more Walking stability is an important factor that is related to working accidents at height. The understanding of the relationship between walking stability and walking conditions remains an unmet need. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of path height, width, and asymmetric conditions on the pressure and time information of the foot-ground interaction during walking. 12 subjects were required to walk at two height, three width, and asymmetric conditions. Plantar pressures during walking were measured with the F-scan insole sensors. The total pressures were normalized with body weight, and the temporal parameters were normalized with stance time. When the walking height increased, the plantar pressure at the “heel strike” phase did not change significantly, while that at “heel rise” and “toe off” phases significantly increased, and the “heel rise” occurred earlier, indicating a greater foot-ground interaction at the forefoot part of the sole. As the path width increas...
Background The Mediator complex is an evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit protein complex that... more Background The Mediator complex is an evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit protein complex that plays major roles in transcriptional activation and is essential for cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Recent studies revealed that some Mediator subunits formed nuclear condensates that may facilitate enhancer-promoter interactions and gene activation. The assembly, regulation, and functions of these nuclear condensates remain to be further understood. Results We found that Med15, a subunit in the tail module of the Mediator complex, formed nuclear condensates through a novel mechanism. Nuclear foci of Med15 were detected by both immunostaining of endogenous proteins and live cell imaging. Like Med1 foci and many other biomolecular condensates, Med15 foci were sensitive to 1, 6-Hexanediol and showed rapid recovery during fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Interestingly, overexpressing DYRK3, a dual-specificity kinase that controls the phase transition of membran...
In order to fully understand the morphological characteristics and pollution status of heavy meta... more In order to fully understand the morphological characteristics and pollution status of heavy metals in the dewatered sludge of Huainan Municipal sewage treatment plant, the physical and chemical properties were analyzed, and the content and occurrence forms of heavy metals (As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in the sludge were studied using the geological accumulation method (Igeo), risk assessment coding method (RAC), and potential ecological risk index method to evaluate the ecological risk. The results showed that the municipal sludge in Huainan was rich in nutrients, with good prospects for agricultural utilization. There were differences in the morphological distributions of different heavy metals. The Igeo values for Ni, As, Cr, and Pb were below 0. The results of RAC indicated that the risk level of Cr in sludge was a low risk, and those of other heavy metals were moderate risks. The potential ecological risk of Cd had the highest potential ecological risk, and the other six met...
Ring‐shaped nanostructures can focus, filter, and manipulate electromagnetic waves, but are chall... more Ring‐shaped nanostructures can focus, filter, and manipulate electromagnetic waves, but are challenging to incorporate into devices using standard nanofabrication techniques. Directed self‐assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) on lithographically patterned templates has successfully been used to fabricate concentric rings and spirals as etching masks. However, this method is limited by BCP phase behavior and material selection. Here, a straightforward approach to generate ring‐shaped nanoparticle assemblies in thin films of supramolecular nanocomposites is demonstrated. DSA is used to guide the formation of concentric rings with radii spanning 150–1150 nm and ring widths spanning 30–60 nm. When plasmonic nanoparticles are used, ring nanodevice arrays can be fabricated in one step, and the completed devices produce high‐quality orbital angular momentum (OAM). Nanocomposite DSA simplifies and streamlines nanofabrication by producing metal structures without etching or deposition steps; it also introduces interparticle coupling as a new design axis. Detailed analysis of the nanoparticle ring assemblies confirms that the supramolecular system self‐regulates the spatial distribution of its components, and thus exhibits a degree of flexibility absent in DSA of BCPs alone, where structures are determined by polymer‐pattern incommensurability. The present studies also provide guidelines for developing self‐regulating DSA as an alternative to incommensurability‐driven methods.
The recent discovery of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals has provoked a s... more The recent discovery of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals has provoked a surge of interest in the exploration of fundamental spin interaction in reduced dimensions. However, existing material candidates have several limitations, notably lacking intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetic order and air stability. Here, motivated by the anomalously high Curie temperature observed in bulk diluted magnetic oxides, we demonstrate room-temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped graphene-like Zinc Oxide, a chemically stable layered material in air, down to single atom thickness. Through the magneto-optic Kerr effect, superconducting quantum interference device and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, we observe clear evidences of spontaneous magnetization in such exotic material systems at room temperature and above. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy results explicitly exclude the existence of metallic Co or cobalt oxides clusters. X-ra...
The dynamics of two slender Hopf-linked vortex rings at vortex Reynolds numbers ( $Re \equiv \var... more The dynamics of two slender Hopf-linked vortex rings at vortex Reynolds numbers ( $Re \equiv \varGamma /\nu, \mathrm {circulation/viscosity}$ ) $2000$ , $3000$ and $4000$ is studied using direct numerical simulations of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Under self-induction, the initially perpendicularly placed vortex rings approach each other and reconnect to form two separate vortex rings. The leading ring is closely cuddled and further undergoes secondary reconnection to form two even smaller rings. At high $Re$ , the leading ring and the subsequent smaller rings are unstable and break up into turbulent clouds consisting of numerous even smaller-scale structures. Although the global helicity $H$ remains constant before reconnection, it increases and then rapidly decays during reconnection – both the growth and decay rates increase with $Re$ . In the two higher $Re$ (i.e. 3000 and 4000) cases, $H$ further rises after the first reconnection and reaches a quasi-plateau wit...
Acoustic conjugate metamaterials (ACMs), in which the imaginary parts of the effective complex ma... more Acoustic conjugate metamaterials (ACMs), in which the imaginary parts of the effective complex mass density and bulk compressibility are cancelled out in the refractive index, possess the elements of loss and gain simultaneously. Previous works have focused on panel ACMs for plane wave incidence. In this paper, we explore the extraordinary scattering properties, including the acoustic equivalent lasing (AEL) and coherent perfect absorption (CPA) modes, of a three-dimensional ACM sphere, where incident spherical waves with specific topological orders could be extremely scattered and totally absorbed, respectively. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the AEL or CPA mode with a single order can be realized with a small monolayer ACM sphere with appropriate parameters. A huge (relative to incident wavelength) ACM sphere with pure imaginary parameters could support the even- (or odd-) order AEL and odd- (or even-) order CPA modes simultaneously. In addition, the AEL ...
Background Colon cancer is the third leading cause of death in the world. According to the etiolo... more Background Colon cancer is the third leading cause of death in the world. According to the etiology, colon cancer can be divided into three categories: sporadic, hereditary, and colitis-associated colon cancer(CAC). In terms of clinical features, CAC patients have younger age of onset, more multiple lesions, more difficult to find under endoscope, stronger tumor invasiveness than sporadic colorectal cancer patients. Early detection of CAC by endoscopic monitoring is a challenge, and the incidence of septal colorectal cancer is still high. So it is indispensable to find the biomarkers to predict tumorigenesis of CAC. Methods The gene expression profiles of GSE43338 and GSE4904 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Limma package was used to standardize the data and obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was evaluated by STRING database. The Cytoscape software was used to establish PPI network and to perform mo...
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is mainly expressed on neutrophils and macrophages and h... more Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is mainly expressed on neutrophils and macrophages and has neutrophil chemoattractant activity. However, natural killer (NK) cells also express CXCL1. We were curious about the role played by CXCL1 in NK cells. Knocking out CXCL1 in hematopoietic cells does not affect the occurrence of NK cells; however, it does hinder NK cell maturity. CXCL1 deletion enhances the expression of immature markers and decreases the expression of functional markers in NK cells, which may explain why it hinders the maturation of NK cells. Specific knockout of CXCL1 in NK cells (CXCL1flox/flox Ncr1-cre) leads to impaired IFN-γ production and degranulation of NK cells. The lack of CXCL1 may prevent IFN-γ production and degranulation of NK cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKTS473 and S6. Therefore, we have discovered a new role for CXCL1 in regulating NK cell development and immune surveillance, providing a novel theoretical basis for immunotherapy based on NK cells and potential therapeutic targets for the clinical use of NK cells. 1. Knockout of CXCL1 in hematopoietic cells inhibits the maturation of NK cells. 2. Knockout of CXCL1 in NK cells inhibits the clearance of lymphoma by NK cells and reduces IFN-γ production and CD107 expression in NK cells. 3. CXCL1 activates the PKD2/mTOR signaling pathway, and promotes the production of IFN-γ and the expression of CD107a in NK cells.
We present an all-solid, reprogrammable meta-platform, which can be rapidly (re)programmed into n... more We present an all-solid, reprogrammable meta-platform, which can be rapidly (re)programmed into nearly arbitrary photonic devices by writing/erasing patterns on it. The writing is performed with a low-power laser, and the erasing utilizes global cooling.
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is common in East Asia, yet its molecular and pathogenic mechanism... more Background Gastric cancer (GC) is common in East Asia, yet its molecular and pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are differentially expressed in GC and may be promising biomarkers. Here, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of circTMC5 in GC. Methods CircTMC5 expression was detected in human GC and adjacent tissues using microarray assays and qRT-PCR, while the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC were used to assess its diagnostic and prognostic value. The circTMC5/miR-361-3p/RABL6 axis was examined in vitro and vivo, and the immune roles of RABL6 were evaluated using bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results CircTMC5 was highly expressed in GC tissues, plasma, and cell lines, and was closely related to histological grade, pathological stage, and T classification in patients with GC. CircTMC5 expression was also an independent prognostic factor for GC and its combined detection with carcinoembryonic antigen may improve GC diagnosis. Low circTMC5 expression correlated with good prognosis, inhibited GC cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, circTMC5 overexpression promoted GC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis but inhibited apoptosis by sponging miR-361-3p and up-regulating RABL6 in vitro and vivo, whereas miR-361-3p up-regulation had the opposite effects. RABL6 was highly expressed in GC and was involved in immune regulation and infiltration in GC. Conclusions CircTMC5 promotes GC and sponges miR-361-3p to up-regulate RABL6 expression, thus may have diagnostic and prognostic value in GC. RABL6 also displays therapeutic promise due to its role in the immune regulation of GC.
Tunable optical transitions in ultrathin layered 2-dimensional (2D) materials unveil the electron... more Tunable optical transitions in ultrathin layered 2-dimensional (2D) materials unveil the electronic structures of materials and provide exciting prospects for potential applications in optics and photonics. Here, we present our realization of dynamic optical modulation of layered metal chalcogenide nanoplates using ionic liquid (IL) gating over a wide spectral range. The IL gating significantly increased the tuning range of the Fermi level and, as a result, substantially altered the optical transitions in the nanoplates. Using heavily ndoped Bi2Se3 nanoplates, we substantially modulated the light transmission through the ultrathin layer. A tunable, high-transmission spectral window in the visible to near-infrared region has been observed due to simultaneous shifts of both the plasma edge and absorption edge of the material. On the other hand, optical response of multilayer MoSe2 flakes gated by IL has shown enhanced transmission in both positive and negative biases, which is consist...
Walking stability is an important factor that is related to working accidents at height. The unde... more Walking stability is an important factor that is related to working accidents at height. The understanding of the relationship between walking stability and walking conditions remains an unmet need. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of path height, width, and asymmetric conditions on the pressure and time information of the foot-ground interaction during walking. 12 subjects were required to walk at two height, three width, and asymmetric conditions. Plantar pressures during walking were measured with the F-scan insole sensors. The total pressures were normalized with body weight, and the temporal parameters were normalized with stance time. When the walking height increased, the plantar pressure at the “heel strike” phase did not change significantly, while that at “heel rise” and “toe off” phases significantly increased, and the “heel rise” occurred earlier, indicating a greater foot-ground interaction at the forefoot part of the sole. As the path width increas...
Background The Mediator complex is an evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit protein complex that... more Background The Mediator complex is an evolutionarily conserved multi-subunit protein complex that plays major roles in transcriptional activation and is essential for cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Recent studies revealed that some Mediator subunits formed nuclear condensates that may facilitate enhancer-promoter interactions and gene activation. The assembly, regulation, and functions of these nuclear condensates remain to be further understood. Results We found that Med15, a subunit in the tail module of the Mediator complex, formed nuclear condensates through a novel mechanism. Nuclear foci of Med15 were detected by both immunostaining of endogenous proteins and live cell imaging. Like Med1 foci and many other biomolecular condensates, Med15 foci were sensitive to 1, 6-Hexanediol and showed rapid recovery during fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Interestingly, overexpressing DYRK3, a dual-specificity kinase that controls the phase transition of membran...
In order to fully understand the morphological characteristics and pollution status of heavy meta... more In order to fully understand the morphological characteristics and pollution status of heavy metals in the dewatered sludge of Huainan Municipal sewage treatment plant, the physical and chemical properties were analyzed, and the content and occurrence forms of heavy metals (As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in the sludge were studied using the geological accumulation method (Igeo), risk assessment coding method (RAC), and potential ecological risk index method to evaluate the ecological risk. The results showed that the municipal sludge in Huainan was rich in nutrients, with good prospects for agricultural utilization. There were differences in the morphological distributions of different heavy metals. The Igeo values for Ni, As, Cr, and Pb were below 0. The results of RAC indicated that the risk level of Cr in sludge was a low risk, and those of other heavy metals were moderate risks. The potential ecological risk of Cd had the highest potential ecological risk, and the other six met...
Ring‐shaped nanostructures can focus, filter, and manipulate electromagnetic waves, but are chall... more Ring‐shaped nanostructures can focus, filter, and manipulate electromagnetic waves, but are challenging to incorporate into devices using standard nanofabrication techniques. Directed self‐assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) on lithographically patterned templates has successfully been used to fabricate concentric rings and spirals as etching masks. However, this method is limited by BCP phase behavior and material selection. Here, a straightforward approach to generate ring‐shaped nanoparticle assemblies in thin films of supramolecular nanocomposites is demonstrated. DSA is used to guide the formation of concentric rings with radii spanning 150–1150 nm and ring widths spanning 30–60 nm. When plasmonic nanoparticles are used, ring nanodevice arrays can be fabricated in one step, and the completed devices produce high‐quality orbital angular momentum (OAM). Nanocomposite DSA simplifies and streamlines nanofabrication by producing metal structures without etching or deposition steps; it also introduces interparticle coupling as a new design axis. Detailed analysis of the nanoparticle ring assemblies confirms that the supramolecular system self‐regulates the spatial distribution of its components, and thus exhibits a degree of flexibility absent in DSA of BCPs alone, where structures are determined by polymer‐pattern incommensurability. The present studies also provide guidelines for developing self‐regulating DSA as an alternative to incommensurability‐driven methods.
The recent discovery of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals has provoked a s... more The recent discovery of ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals has provoked a surge of interest in the exploration of fundamental spin interaction in reduced dimensions. However, existing material candidates have several limitations, notably lacking intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetic order and air stability. Here, motivated by the anomalously high Curie temperature observed in bulk diluted magnetic oxides, we demonstrate room-temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped graphene-like Zinc Oxide, a chemically stable layered material in air, down to single atom thickness. Through the magneto-optic Kerr effect, superconducting quantum interference device and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, we observe clear evidences of spontaneous magnetization in such exotic material systems at room temperature and above. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy results explicitly exclude the existence of metallic Co or cobalt oxides clusters. X-ra...
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