Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal
Purpose This paper aims to determine the affecting factors of the brand authenticity of startups ... more Purpose This paper aims to determine the affecting factors of the brand authenticity of startups in social media. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative method based on a grounded theory approach, this research specifies and classifies the affecting factors of brand authenticity of startups in social media through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings Multiple factors affecting the brand authenticity of startups in social media are determined and categorized as indexical, iconic and existential cues through this research. Connection to heritage and having credible support are determined as indexical cues. Founder intellectuality, brand intellectuality, commitment toward customers and proactive clear and interesting communications are identified as iconic cues. Having self-confidence and self-satisfaction, having intimacy with the brand and a joyful feeling for interactions with the community around the brand are determined as existential cues in this research. This ...
5 ; * 8 5 & 0 3 h ;2 : T " :a % I 0 U T * 0 : ) & 6 = 7H 0 S 7H m 3v 5 0 & ;2;" 4 [ T &... more 5 ; * 8 5 & 0 3 h ;2 : T " :a % I 0 U T * 0 : ) & 6 = 7H 0 S 7H m 3v 5 0 & ;2;" 4 [ T " 3 * T " 8 a; 0 X 0 HM m 6 )< T M 0 i5 ;2;" : T " C 6 )< T M $I :a H ^ m P T *^R2 ;2;" i5 " U ;M 3;U : D $ C m D :; = 2 P 3 * 8 12 * = 2 Y* 0 P = " H < 3 ; %T " h M X S T HM :a m 3 4 [ S :; = 2 ;I L2 C z ; PH < N $ P* D ?;I : = { 14 0T " ;2;" 3 H T " :a s #6 = % I 0 u % ? L " m P : ) 4 [ 2 H" 0 6 = /H % I 0 | y";2 s +,,+ u S +'` ;I 4 5 L2 ! " T +,,+ 2 BF+b ! X % o " HM " & 9 ?;I 0T " 0 6 = T 3 H % I 0 " & H r Q H> *^R2 ;2;" XU 3 4 [ C m H 0 A ?;I % ) " P T 0T " #6 = T 3 H % I 0 4 i& * 0 H r Q H> i 0 XU % *^R2 ;2;" T " & C %T 0 *< ;2;" T " 8 12 }[" * 8 A c i 8 S 0 ;2;" T " 8 %T 0 *< ;I C ? 0T " ;2;" T " " & ; :a " % U m
Entrepreneurship transforms the challenges of regions into opportunities such as increasing emplo... more Entrepreneurship transforms the challenges of regions into opportunities such as increasing employment and income rates, reducing crimes caused by unemployment and poverty. Clearly, entrepreneurship development is not possible without efficient institutions that respond creatively and entrepreneurially to local and regional issues and challenges. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to identify the institutional barriers to entrepreneurship development in Iran from a historical perspective before the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Therefore, 12 sources related to Iran's underdevelopment have been selected and were analyzed by using the theme analysis strategy and Atlas T software in two stages of open and axial coding. According to the results, the main root of entrepreneurship underdevelopment in Iran should be examined in the course of history, and the unfavorable business environment at the present time is not the only reason for the lack of entrepreneurship development in...
Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), 2018
This study examines the boundary conditions of the emerging international entrepreneurship theori... more This study examines the boundary conditions of the emerging international entrepreneurship theories in explaining the internationalization of firms in the novel context of Iran. For this purpose, the alternate template strategy is employed to assess the extent to which the behaviors undertaken by the Iranian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to enter international markets are consistent with the emerging theories of international entrepreneurship, namely causation, effectuation and the revised Uppsala model. Our multiple case study approach indicates that behaviours suggested by the similar theories of effectuation and revised Uppsala model are dominant among the cases; yet when firms perceive lower level of uncertainty in a market or are not faced with the lack of resource availability, they show causal behaviour. These results provide a better understanding of the process of SMEs’ internationalization in developing countries.
Externally oriented capabilities have gained increasing attention because of their significant po... more Externally oriented capabilities have gained increasing attention because of their significant potential to stimulate innovative activities in companies. Yet, there is little understanding of these capabilities in relation to corporate entrepreneurship, in particular in the context of developing countries. The findings from a sample of 126 small and medium supplier companies providing products and services to the mining industry in Iran indicate that a firm’s absorptive capacity enhances the level of corporate entrepreneurship. Moreover, firms with greater knowledge search can more effectively utilize their absorptive capacity for corporate entrepreneurship. The main contribution of this research is connecting externally oriented capabilities to corporate entrepreneurship and showing the way SMEs in developing countries can fill their knowledge gaps to proceed to corporate entrepreneurial purposes.
E-businesses play a critical role in today's knowledge-based economies. Despite their ‎increa... more E-businesses play a critical role in today's knowledge-based economies. Despite their ‎increasing portion, e-businesses experience high rates of failure. Therefore, it is of prime ‎importance to identify their decision-making activities encountering outer competitive forces ‎and their internal structural events. In this study, through using the Grounded Theory approach, we ‎analyze interviews conducted by 20 entrepreneurs who have started and run e-businesses, based on ‎an ex-post facto view. We identified preconditions to entrepreneurial decisions to actualize in ‎three steps and their respective sub-activities that are taken during this decision. Decision-‎making strategies together with contextual and intervening factors that affect the adoption of the ‎mentioned strategies and decision making itself are also identified. Finally, probable outcomes ‎of entrepreneurial decisions are identified and reflected in emerged theory.‎
Franchising is a growth strategy in which franchisors grant other parties the right to use their ... more Franchising is a growth strategy in which franchisors grant other parties the right to use their brand, processes and value propositions in different geographical places. Consistency in products and services across different branches is considered as a prominent feature of this business model. This; however, may diminish the firm’s ability to adapt to local preferences. Accordingly, one of the main challenges franchisors are encountered is how to achieve a decent balance between adaptation and standardization activities. While the literature of franchising provides less insights into the way franchisors can mitigate this tension, building on the literature of organizational ambidexterity this research theorizes potential factors enabling franchisors to be the so-called ambidextrous firms. We propose that plural form, portfolio network management, diversity in target markets, and strategic orientations can enhance a franchisor's ability for adaptation-standardization duality. Thi...
Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 2019
Purpose The underlying assumptions of Baumol’s theory of entrepreneurial allocation limits its po... more Purpose The underlying assumptions of Baumol’s theory of entrepreneurial allocation limits its potential to answer some key questions related to the entrepreneurship allocation. Hence, this paper aims to highlight the inherent limits of Baumol’s theory and suggest a new approach for understanding the entrepreneur-institution relationship and their functions. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper with a narrow focus on the literature. Findings The paper argues that Baumol’s adherence to neoclassic economics assumptions about entrepreneur and institution, such as entrepreneurs as rational choice taker with predetermined goals or institutions as exogenous, limits the potential of his theoretical framework to explain productive entrepreneurship in weak institutional settings. As such, underlying on Austrian economics assumptions about entrepreneur and his/her agency, this paper proposes a reconceptualization of productive entrepreneurship as an outcome of the interactio...
While previous research on application adoption has partly advanced our understanding of factors ... more While previous research on application adoption has partly advanced our understanding of factors affecting the adoption of mobile applications, less attention has been given to the whole process of application development, from idea characteristics to the supportive activities after launch. In particular, less is known about these factors in the context of developing countries, where mobile applications are gaining increasing popularity. In this vein, this paper, adopting a grounded theory approach, aims to identify factors influencing the adoption of entertainment mobile application from the developer's points of view focusing on different phases of application development in the novel context of Iran. The authors' in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts in mobile application development firms indicate 15 factors classified within four categories based on the application development process, entailing idea characteristics, design, marketing communications and suppo...
Australian Centre For Entrepreneurship Qut Business School School of Management, 2014
This research adopts three different theoretical lenses- the attention-based view, institutional ... more This research adopts three different theoretical lenses- the attention-based view, institutional perspective and network theory- to investigate the effect of externally oriented capabilities (absorptive capacity and networking capabilities) on corporate entrepreneurship. Based on an Australian and Iranian sample of mining equipment, technology and service providers, this thesis provides new understanding of why some firms are able to generate higher levels of corporate entrepreneurship than others and opens new directions for more capabilities-oriented research in corporate entrepreneurship. In particular, this research provides new insight into how entrepreneurial management, institutional context and external knowledge search breadth shape the relationship between externally oriented capabilities and corporate entrepreneurship.
While the importance of inter-organisational relationships in stimulating corporate entrepreneurs... more While the importance of inter-organisational relationships in stimulating corporate entrepreneurship is well argued in the literature, little attention has been paid to how corporate capabilities f ...
Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal
Purpose This paper aims to determine the affecting factors of the brand authenticity of startups ... more Purpose This paper aims to determine the affecting factors of the brand authenticity of startups in social media. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative method based on a grounded theory approach, this research specifies and classifies the affecting factors of brand authenticity of startups in social media through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings Multiple factors affecting the brand authenticity of startups in social media are determined and categorized as indexical, iconic and existential cues through this research. Connection to heritage and having credible support are determined as indexical cues. Founder intellectuality, brand intellectuality, commitment toward customers and proactive clear and interesting communications are identified as iconic cues. Having self-confidence and self-satisfaction, having intimacy with the brand and a joyful feeling for interactions with the community around the brand are determined as existential cues in this research. This ...
5 ; * 8 5 & 0 3 h ;2 : T " :a % I 0 U T * 0 : ) & 6 = 7H 0 S 7H m 3v 5 0 & ;2;" 4 [ T &... more 5 ; * 8 5 & 0 3 h ;2 : T " :a % I 0 U T * 0 : ) & 6 = 7H 0 S 7H m 3v 5 0 & ;2;" 4 [ T " 3 * T " 8 a; 0 X 0 HM m 6 )< T M 0 i5 ;2;" : T " C 6 )< T M $I :a H ^ m P T *^R2 ;2;" i5 " U ;M 3;U : D $ C m D :; = 2 P 3 * 8 12 * = 2 Y* 0 P = " H < 3 ; %T " h M X S T HM :a m 3 4 [ S :; = 2 ;I L2 C z ; PH < N $ P* D ?;I : = { 14 0T " ;2;" 3 H T " :a s #6 = % I 0 u % ? L " m P : ) 4 [ 2 H" 0 6 = /H % I 0 | y";2 s +,,+ u S +'` ;I 4 5 L2 ! " T +,,+ 2 BF+b ! X % o " HM " & 9 ?;I 0T " 0 6 = T 3 H % I 0 " & H r Q H> *^R2 ;2;" XU 3 4 [ C m H 0 A ?;I % ) " P T 0T " #6 = T 3 H % I 0 4 i& * 0 H r Q H> i 0 XU % *^R2 ;2;" T " & C %T 0 *< ;2;" T " 8 12 }[" * 8 A c i 8 S 0 ;2;" T " 8 %T 0 *< ;I C ? 0T " ;2;" T " " & ; :a " % U m
Entrepreneurship transforms the challenges of regions into opportunities such as increasing emplo... more Entrepreneurship transforms the challenges of regions into opportunities such as increasing employment and income rates, reducing crimes caused by unemployment and poverty. Clearly, entrepreneurship development is not possible without efficient institutions that respond creatively and entrepreneurially to local and regional issues and challenges. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to identify the institutional barriers to entrepreneurship development in Iran from a historical perspective before the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Therefore, 12 sources related to Iran's underdevelopment have been selected and were analyzed by using the theme analysis strategy and Atlas T software in two stages of open and axial coding. According to the results, the main root of entrepreneurship underdevelopment in Iran should be examined in the course of history, and the unfavorable business environment at the present time is not the only reason for the lack of entrepreneurship development in...
Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), 2018
This study examines the boundary conditions of the emerging international entrepreneurship theori... more This study examines the boundary conditions of the emerging international entrepreneurship theories in explaining the internationalization of firms in the novel context of Iran. For this purpose, the alternate template strategy is employed to assess the extent to which the behaviors undertaken by the Iranian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to enter international markets are consistent with the emerging theories of international entrepreneurship, namely causation, effectuation and the revised Uppsala model. Our multiple case study approach indicates that behaviours suggested by the similar theories of effectuation and revised Uppsala model are dominant among the cases; yet when firms perceive lower level of uncertainty in a market or are not faced with the lack of resource availability, they show causal behaviour. These results provide a better understanding of the process of SMEs’ internationalization in developing countries.
Externally oriented capabilities have gained increasing attention because of their significant po... more Externally oriented capabilities have gained increasing attention because of their significant potential to stimulate innovative activities in companies. Yet, there is little understanding of these capabilities in relation to corporate entrepreneurship, in particular in the context of developing countries. The findings from a sample of 126 small and medium supplier companies providing products and services to the mining industry in Iran indicate that a firm’s absorptive capacity enhances the level of corporate entrepreneurship. Moreover, firms with greater knowledge search can more effectively utilize their absorptive capacity for corporate entrepreneurship. The main contribution of this research is connecting externally oriented capabilities to corporate entrepreneurship and showing the way SMEs in developing countries can fill their knowledge gaps to proceed to corporate entrepreneurial purposes.
E-businesses play a critical role in today's knowledge-based economies. Despite their ‎increa... more E-businesses play a critical role in today's knowledge-based economies. Despite their ‎increasing portion, e-businesses experience high rates of failure. Therefore, it is of prime ‎importance to identify their decision-making activities encountering outer competitive forces ‎and their internal structural events. In this study, through using the Grounded Theory approach, we ‎analyze interviews conducted by 20 entrepreneurs who have started and run e-businesses, based on ‎an ex-post facto view. We identified preconditions to entrepreneurial decisions to actualize in ‎three steps and their respective sub-activities that are taken during this decision. Decision-‎making strategies together with contextual and intervening factors that affect the adoption of the ‎mentioned strategies and decision making itself are also identified. Finally, probable outcomes ‎of entrepreneurial decisions are identified and reflected in emerged theory.‎
Franchising is a growth strategy in which franchisors grant other parties the right to use their ... more Franchising is a growth strategy in which franchisors grant other parties the right to use their brand, processes and value propositions in different geographical places. Consistency in products and services across different branches is considered as a prominent feature of this business model. This; however, may diminish the firm’s ability to adapt to local preferences. Accordingly, one of the main challenges franchisors are encountered is how to achieve a decent balance between adaptation and standardization activities. While the literature of franchising provides less insights into the way franchisors can mitigate this tension, building on the literature of organizational ambidexterity this research theorizes potential factors enabling franchisors to be the so-called ambidextrous firms. We propose that plural form, portfolio network management, diversity in target markets, and strategic orientations can enhance a franchisor's ability for adaptation-standardization duality. Thi...
Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 2019
Purpose The underlying assumptions of Baumol’s theory of entrepreneurial allocation limits its po... more Purpose The underlying assumptions of Baumol’s theory of entrepreneurial allocation limits its potential to answer some key questions related to the entrepreneurship allocation. Hence, this paper aims to highlight the inherent limits of Baumol’s theory and suggest a new approach for understanding the entrepreneur-institution relationship and their functions. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper with a narrow focus on the literature. Findings The paper argues that Baumol’s adherence to neoclassic economics assumptions about entrepreneur and institution, such as entrepreneurs as rational choice taker with predetermined goals or institutions as exogenous, limits the potential of his theoretical framework to explain productive entrepreneurship in weak institutional settings. As such, underlying on Austrian economics assumptions about entrepreneur and his/her agency, this paper proposes a reconceptualization of productive entrepreneurship as an outcome of the interactio...
While previous research on application adoption has partly advanced our understanding of factors ... more While previous research on application adoption has partly advanced our understanding of factors affecting the adoption of mobile applications, less attention has been given to the whole process of application development, from idea characteristics to the supportive activities after launch. In particular, less is known about these factors in the context of developing countries, where mobile applications are gaining increasing popularity. In this vein, this paper, adopting a grounded theory approach, aims to identify factors influencing the adoption of entertainment mobile application from the developer's points of view focusing on different phases of application development in the novel context of Iran. The authors' in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts in mobile application development firms indicate 15 factors classified within four categories based on the application development process, entailing idea characteristics, design, marketing communications and suppo...
Australian Centre For Entrepreneurship Qut Business School School of Management, 2014
This research adopts three different theoretical lenses- the attention-based view, institutional ... more This research adopts three different theoretical lenses- the attention-based view, institutional perspective and network theory- to investigate the effect of externally oriented capabilities (absorptive capacity and networking capabilities) on corporate entrepreneurship. Based on an Australian and Iranian sample of mining equipment, technology and service providers, this thesis provides new understanding of why some firms are able to generate higher levels of corporate entrepreneurship than others and opens new directions for more capabilities-oriented research in corporate entrepreneurship. In particular, this research provides new insight into how entrepreneurial management, institutional context and external knowledge search breadth shape the relationship between externally oriented capabilities and corporate entrepreneurship.
While the importance of inter-organisational relationships in stimulating corporate entrepreneurs... more While the importance of inter-organisational relationships in stimulating corporate entrepreneurship is well argued in the literature, little attention has been paid to how corporate capabilities f ...
Uploads
Papers by kamal sakhdari