Международный научный журнал Альтернативная энергетика и экология, 2008
This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environme... more This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environmental conditions, by members of the University of the French Antilles and French Guiana’s Research Group on Renewable Energies (GRER) in collaboration with the regional office of ADEME (Agency for the Environment and Energy Management) and the companies that installed the photovoltaic systems. Its aim was a better understanding of the attitudes, expectations, and relationship of the users towards the photovoltaic installations. The data collected made it possible to make suggestions for adapting the photovoltaic systems to their environment by taking into account social, cultural, and geoclimatic specificities. Analysis of on-site productivity provides valuable information on energy profiles and types of use. Field surveys made it possible to associate users’ perception of the energy production equipment and their degree of satisfaction with operating efficiency and on-site maintenance. This aspect is essential for analyzing the actual rate of use of the energy that is theoretically available. Parallel to these surveys, the results of the study carried out on the performance of the photovoltaic systems made it possible to learn the quantitative aspects of the energy produced and consumed as well as the qualitative aspects of the parameters that condition the performance of the photovoltaic systems. After keyboarding, the subjective, qualitative as well as the quantitative variables were processed using a statistical analysis program in order to determine the correlations between them and to prepare the final conclusions. These surveys and measurements were carried out simultaneously over the 2004-2005 period.
Международный научный журнал Альтернативная энергетика и экология, 2008
This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environme... more This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environmental conditions, by members of the University of the French Antilles and French Guiana’s Research Group on Renewable Energies (GRER) in collaboration with the regional office of ADEME (Agency for the Environment and Energy Management) and the companies that installed the photovoltaic systems. Its aim was a better understanding of the attitudes, expectations, and relationship of the users towards the photovoltaic installations. The data collected made it possible to make suggestions for adapting the photovoltaic systems to their environment by taking into account social, cultural, and geoclimatic specificities. Analysis of on-site productivity provides valuable information on energy profiles and types of use. Field surveys made it possible to associate users’ perception of the energy production equipment and their degree of satisfaction with operating efficiency and on-site maintenance. This aspect is essential for analyzing the actual rate of use of the energy that is theoretically available. Parallel to these surveys, the results of the study carried out on the performance of the photovoltaic systems made it possible to learn the quantitative aspects of the energy produced and consumed as well as the qualitative aspects of the parameters that condition the performance of the photovoltaic systems. After keyboarding, the subjective, qualitative as well as the quantitative variables were processed using a statistical analysis program in order to determine the correlations between them and to prepare the final conclusions. These surveys and measurements were carried out simultaneously over the 2004-2005 period.
This paper presents a new paradigm in the analysis and methodology for Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW... more This paper presents a new paradigm in the analysis and methodology for Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices for sensing application in a liquid medium. Th new protocol encourages the analysis of the electrical and electro-acoustic behavior of the sensor rather than limiting the measurement interest to mechanical interactions between the sensor and the medium. According to experimental responses, some hypotheses are proposed allowing the separation of each electrical and mechanical mechanisms based on post-treatment analysis methods. Thus, to better understand the proposed approach, we introduced a new and unconventional energy flow chart of the acoustic wave propagation in the SAW device which helped us extracting our hypotheses. This new paradigm allows us to get information related to both dielectric and mechanical parameters of a liquid sample using a single sensor, enriching the response. In contrary to most works surrounding the SAW sensors, this new method does not intend to increase the sensitivity of the sensors. Instead, it focuses on an unconventional ”holistic” approach that achieves an improved understanding of the sensitive phenomena and enriches the global response and analysis to a given characterization. Ultimately, this improved understanding could help to increase the sensitivity to a selected target using the same method. This approach could be used with all electro-acoustic sensor devices. We applied this method to Love wave sensors with different technological characteristics influencing the electric and acoustic response with numerous fluid solutions for a large diversity of dielectric constants and mechanical characteristics responses. A larger set of measurement from the Love wave sensor is obtained allowing to extract both dielectric and mechanical parameters of a liquid medium on the Love wave sensor surface.
This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environme... more This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environmental conditions, by members of the University of the French Antilles and French Guiana’s Research Group on Renewable Energies (GRER) in collaboration with the regional office of ADEME (Agency for the Environment and Energy Management) and the companies that installed the photovoltaic systems. Its aim was a better understanding of the attitudes, expectations, and relationship of the users towards the photovoltaic installations. The data collected made it possible to make suggestions for adapting the photovoltaic systems to their environment by taking into account social, cultural, and geoclimatic specificities. Analysis of on-site productivity provides valuable information on energy profiles and types of use. Field surveys made it possible to associate users’ perception of the energy production equipment and their degree of satisfaction with operating efficiency and on-site maintenance. T...
Despite the global importance of the Congo Basin, which is the second largest river basin in the ... more Despite the global importance of the Congo Basin, which is the second largest river basin in the world, the limited understanding of its hydro-climatic patterns is in part due to the lack of in-situ monitoring of climate variables there. Climate and hydrological station networks are sparse and poorly maintained; the few networks that were implemented during the colonial period have shrunk considerably. Conversely, the recent improvements in remote sensing technology provide more observations than ever before that can advance hydrological studies, particularly in tropical basins. This work provides the first monitoring of water level at the basin scale for the Congo Basin based on merged data from different altimetry missions: ENVISAT, Jason-2 and SARAL. More than 500 time series of water level are computed for a twenty of contributors, over the period of 2002 to 2010 for 200 ENVISAT series, including using the second orbital period, from 2008 for 75 Jason-2 series and from mid 2013 ...
2006 First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area, 2006
We analyze the efficiency of solar heaters, and how usual existing ones operate in a range corres... more We analyze the efficiency of solar heaters, and how usual existing ones operate in a range corresponding to an important loss of efficiency between clear weather and covered weather operation. This gives its interest to a simple solution to avoid a "threshold effect" pointed out in our analysis of standard heater operation. In short, this consists in warming, in the solar collector, the cold water input instead of cycling the water at the balloon temperature. This results in a significant reduction of the collector average temperature, which explains the corresponding thermal losses reduction.
Présentation générale des journées d\u27études consacrées à la circulation des individus, des sav... more Présentation générale des journées d\u27études consacrées à la circulation des individus, des savoirs et des pratiques culturelles dans le plateau des Guyanes
Международный научный журнал Альтернативная энергетика и экология, 2008
This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environme... more This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environmental conditions, by members of the University of the French Antilles and French Guiana’s Research Group on Renewable Energies (GRER) in collaboration with the regional office of ADEME (Agency for the Environment and Energy Management) and the companies that installed the photovoltaic systems. Its aim was a better understanding of the attitudes, expectations, and relationship of the users towards the photovoltaic installations. The data collected made it possible to make suggestions for adapting the photovoltaic systems to their environment by taking into account social, cultural, and geoclimatic specificities. Analysis of on-site productivity provides valuable information on energy profiles and types of use. Field surveys made it possible to associate users’ perception of the energy production equipment and their degree of satisfaction with operating efficiency and on-site maintenance. This aspect is essential for analyzing the actual rate of use of the energy that is theoretically available. Parallel to these surveys, the results of the study carried out on the performance of the photovoltaic systems made it possible to learn the quantitative aspects of the energy produced and consumed as well as the qualitative aspects of the parameters that condition the performance of the photovoltaic systems. After keyboarding, the subjective, qualitative as well as the quantitative variables were processed using a statistical analysis program in order to determine the correlations between them and to prepare the final conclusions. These surveys and measurements were carried out simultaneously over the 2004-2005 period.
Международный научный журнал Альтернативная энергетика и экология, 2008
This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environme... more This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environmental conditions, by members of the University of the French Antilles and French Guiana’s Research Group on Renewable Energies (GRER) in collaboration with the regional office of ADEME (Agency for the Environment and Energy Management) and the companies that installed the photovoltaic systems. Its aim was a better understanding of the attitudes, expectations, and relationship of the users towards the photovoltaic installations. The data collected made it possible to make suggestions for adapting the photovoltaic systems to their environment by taking into account social, cultural, and geoclimatic specificities. Analysis of on-site productivity provides valuable information on energy profiles and types of use. Field surveys made it possible to associate users’ perception of the energy production equipment and their degree of satisfaction with operating efficiency and on-site maintenance. This aspect is essential for analyzing the actual rate of use of the energy that is theoretically available. Parallel to these surveys, the results of the study carried out on the performance of the photovoltaic systems made it possible to learn the quantitative aspects of the energy produced and consumed as well as the qualitative aspects of the parameters that condition the performance of the photovoltaic systems. After keyboarding, the subjective, qualitative as well as the quantitative variables were processed using a statistical analysis program in order to determine the correlations between them and to prepare the final conclusions. These surveys and measurements were carried out simultaneously over the 2004-2005 period.
This paper presents a new paradigm in the analysis and methodology for Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW... more This paper presents a new paradigm in the analysis and methodology for Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices for sensing application in a liquid medium. Th new protocol encourages the analysis of the electrical and electro-acoustic behavior of the sensor rather than limiting the measurement interest to mechanical interactions between the sensor and the medium. According to experimental responses, some hypotheses are proposed allowing the separation of each electrical and mechanical mechanisms based on post-treatment analysis methods. Thus, to better understand the proposed approach, we introduced a new and unconventional energy flow chart of the acoustic wave propagation in the SAW device which helped us extracting our hypotheses. This new paradigm allows us to get information related to both dielectric and mechanical parameters of a liquid sample using a single sensor, enriching the response. In contrary to most works surrounding the SAW sensors, this new method does not intend to increase the sensitivity of the sensors. Instead, it focuses on an unconventional ”holistic” approach that achieves an improved understanding of the sensitive phenomena and enriches the global response and analysis to a given characterization. Ultimately, this improved understanding could help to increase the sensitivity to a selected target using the same method. This approach could be used with all electro-acoustic sensor devices. We applied this method to Love wave sensors with different technological characteristics influencing the electric and acoustic response with numerous fluid solutions for a large diversity of dielectric constants and mechanical characteristics responses. A larger set of measurement from the Love wave sensor is obtained allowing to extract both dielectric and mechanical parameters of a liquid medium on the Love wave sensor surface.
This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environme... more This study was conducted in French Guiana, a region characterized by specific human and environmental conditions, by members of the University of the French Antilles and French Guiana’s Research Group on Renewable Energies (GRER) in collaboration with the regional office of ADEME (Agency for the Environment and Energy Management) and the companies that installed the photovoltaic systems. Its aim was a better understanding of the attitudes, expectations, and relationship of the users towards the photovoltaic installations. The data collected made it possible to make suggestions for adapting the photovoltaic systems to their environment by taking into account social, cultural, and geoclimatic specificities. Analysis of on-site productivity provides valuable information on energy profiles and types of use. Field surveys made it possible to associate users’ perception of the energy production equipment and their degree of satisfaction with operating efficiency and on-site maintenance. T...
Despite the global importance of the Congo Basin, which is the second largest river basin in the ... more Despite the global importance of the Congo Basin, which is the second largest river basin in the world, the limited understanding of its hydro-climatic patterns is in part due to the lack of in-situ monitoring of climate variables there. Climate and hydrological station networks are sparse and poorly maintained; the few networks that were implemented during the colonial period have shrunk considerably. Conversely, the recent improvements in remote sensing technology provide more observations than ever before that can advance hydrological studies, particularly in tropical basins. This work provides the first monitoring of water level at the basin scale for the Congo Basin based on merged data from different altimetry missions: ENVISAT, Jason-2 and SARAL. More than 500 time series of water level are computed for a twenty of contributors, over the period of 2002 to 2010 for 200 ENVISAT series, including using the second orbital period, from 2008 for 75 Jason-2 series and from mid 2013 ...
2006 First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area, 2006
We analyze the efficiency of solar heaters, and how usual existing ones operate in a range corres... more We analyze the efficiency of solar heaters, and how usual existing ones operate in a range corresponding to an important loss of efficiency between clear weather and covered weather operation. This gives its interest to a simple solution to avoid a "threshold effect" pointed out in our analysis of standard heater operation. In short, this consists in warming, in the solar collector, the cold water input instead of cycling the water at the balloon temperature. This results in a significant reduction of the collector average temperature, which explains the corresponding thermal losses reduction.
Présentation générale des journées d\u27études consacrées à la circulation des individus, des sav... more Présentation générale des journées d\u27études consacrées à la circulation des individus, des savoirs et des pratiques culturelles dans le plateau des Guyanes
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