The Roman village of Forua (North Spain) was an important iron production and distribution centre... more The Roman village of Forua (North Spain) was an important iron production and distribution centre during the 1st-4th centuries AD. Different metallurgical materials at the archaeological site were identified as forged slag, bog ore mineral and refractory materials used in the walls and on the floor of furnaces. The samples were studied by macroanalysis and microanalysis techniques. The mineralogical characterization was carried out via optical microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, and the textural characteristics and the composition of individual phases were determined using scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron-dispersive spectroscopy, and by Raman microspectroscopy. Mineral associations not only reflect furnace cooling rates and temperatures but also indicate quartz was the main flux used. The microanalysis results reflect the elements that constituted the slags and other materials from the forge and the worked metallic materials. The results showed the slags originated from iron smithing, which also was confirmed by the presence of iron particles. The ore materials consisted of goethite.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer una plataforma como instrumento tecnológico para l... more El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer una plataforma como instrumento tecnológico para la aplicación de la metodología Blended-Learning en la enseñanza de un segundo idioma, con la finalidad de mejorar el desarrollo de las destrezas de los estudiantes. El tratamiento de la propuesta inició con la revisión bibliográfica sobre las teorías de aprendizaje de un segundo idioma y el análisis de los roles que debe cumplir el docente y el estudiante. En consecuencia, los resultados de la investigación muestran que el uso de la modalidad Blended-Learning es de gran utilidad como estrategia pedagógica para aprender un idioma porque combina lo mejor de la modalidad presencial y virtual para optimizar el desempeño, sin embargo, el éxito del aprendizaje es definido por la planificación de los recursos didácticos, por lo tanto, la herramienta involucrada debe ajustarse al enfoque de aprendizaje. Palabras claves: Estrategia pedagógica, metodología de aprendizaje, modalidad presencial-virt...
Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia, Jan 4, 2018
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high prevalence in critical care patients. Early detection might ... more Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high prevalence in critical care patients. Early detection might prevent patients from developing chronic kidney disease and requirement for renal replacement therapy. If we compare AKI with acute coronary syndrome, in which an increase in cardiac troponin may trigger early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, we could extrapolate a similar technique in patients with early AKI without changes in urinary frequency or serum creatinine. The objective is to identify biomarker-positive, creatinine-negative patients that would allow therapeutic interventions to be initiated before finding changes in serum creatinine, preventing kidney damage. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 are cell cycle arrest biomarkers that have demonstrated, in recent clinical trials, to have good sensitivity and specificity for early detection of AKI. Other recent studies have shown that the joint use of these biomarkers with...
Libyan desert glass (LDG) is a melt product whose origin is still a matter of controversy. With t... more Libyan desert glass (LDG) is a melt product whose origin is still a matter of controversy. With the purpose of adding new information about this enigma, the present paper analyzes the inner part of LDG specimens and compares them with the results of LDG surfaces. An integrated analytical methodology was used combining different techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, in point-by-point and imaging modes, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), energy-dispersive micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-EDXRF), electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA), and optical cathodoluminescence (Optical-CL). According to our results, flow structures of the melt and the amorphous nature of the matrix could be discerned. Moreover, the observed displacement of Raman bands, such as in the cases of quartz and zircon, and the identification of certain compounds such as coesite (the most clarifying phase of high pressures), α-cristobalite, gypsum, anhydrite, corundum, rutile, amorpho...
Trace elements have been analysed in 23 tooth enamel and dentine samples fromaMuslimpopulation in... more Trace elements have been analysed in 23 tooth enamel and dentine samples fromaMuslimpopulation in Tauste (North Spain) to investigate health and palaeodietary patterns during the 8th–10th centuries. LA-ICP-MS technique was used to determine the chemical composition of teeth. Post-burial alteration was established by REE and U high content (1 N μg/g) and several samples, mainly of deciduous teeth, were discarded. Trace elements show different behaviour in dentine and enamel related to the composition of tissues. Five individuals had high Pb contents (ranging between 2 and 30 μg/g) suggesting intoxication by occupational exposure to anthropogenic lead. Considering the period of time, individual lead intoxication could be attributed to working activity. Young individuals vs adults, and males vs females show different food intake, probably due to sexual division of labour or social status. The palaeodietary pattern of the Tauste population provides insights into this Muslim community.
This paper describes a method for effective separation of the pure binder fraction of lime mortar... more This paper describes a method for effective separation of the pure binder fraction of lime mortars for reliable radiocarbon dating. The methodology allows removal of the detrital carbonate fraction and the unburnt limestone particles, obtaining particles of under 1 μm. The extracted fraction ensured that all carbonate has been generated by slaked lime carbonation. Consequently, the measured carbon corresponds to atmospheric carbon. The proposed method allows to obtain pure datable binder, simplifying considerably the performance of radiometric measurements because dating other grain-size fraction is unnecessary. In order to prove the effectiveness of binder refining, the extraction method has been applied to 5 lime mortars of different archaeological periods from the perimeter walls of Santa María la Real parish church (Zarautz, northern Spain).
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, Oct 23, 2016
Identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be challenging in patients with underlying chroni... more Identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be challenging in patients with underlying chronic disease, and biomarkers often perform poorly in this population. In this study we examined the performance characteristics of the novel biomarker panel of urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 ([IGFBP7]) in patients with a variety of comorbid conditions. We analyzed data from two multicenter studies of critically ill patients in which [TIMP2]•[IGFBP7] was validated for prediction of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Stage 2 or 3 AKI within 12 h. We constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for AKI prediction both overall and by comorbid conditions common among patients with AKI, including diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the overall cohort of 1131 patients, 139 (12.3%) developed KDIGO Stage 2 or 3 AKI. [TIMP2]•[IGFBP7] was significan...
Approximately one-third of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus will eventually develop diab... more Approximately one-third of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus will eventually develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). Impaired renal function in type 2 diabetics may also be secondary to non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). NDRD in type 2 diabetics may occur alone in the absence of DN or may be superimposed on DN. Renal biopsy maybe indicated to establish the correct diagnosis and to ascertain the severity of glomerular and tubulointerstitial pathology. We report a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic renal insufficiency who developed worsening of renal function in the setting of staphylococcal infection and antibiotic use. Renal biopsy revealed IgA-dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis and acute interstitial nephritis superimposed on diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that, NDRD accounts for impaired renal function in a significant number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The presence of clinical, biochemical, and radiological f...
La Cueva De Santimamine Revision Y Actualizacion 2011 Pags 291 320, 2011
In this work Upper Pleistocene and Holocene vertebrates microfauna study is shown. Samples were c... more In this work Upper Pleistocene and Holocene vertebrates microfauna study is shown. Samples were collected in Santimamiñe site in the stratigraphical review during 2004 and 2006 years. A total of 47.093 microvertebrates remains were obtained from about 700 Kg of sediments and 20 taxons of microvertebrates (15 micromammals, 2 amphibians and 3 reptiles) were identified. Based on the influence of climate change on some microvertebrates groups, distinguished microfaunal assemblages allows to infer paleoenvironmental conditions along the Santimamiñe stratigraphical sequence. Two episodes were identified, a cold episode in the base of the sequence and, hot episode at the top. Additionally, within the cold episode small environmental variations were recognized.
Three very different records are combined here to reconstruct the evolution of environments in th... more Three very different records are combined here to reconstruct the evolution of environments in the Cantabrian Region during the Upper Pleistocene, covering ~35.000 years. Two of these records come from Antoliñako Koba (Bizkaia, Spain), an exceptional prehistoric deposit comprising 9 chrono-cultural units (Aurignacian to Epipaleolithic). The palaeoecological signal of small-vertebrate communities and red deer stable-isotope data (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) from this mainland site are contrasted to marine microfaunal evidence (planktonic and benthic foraminifers, ostracods and δ(18)O data) gathered at the southern Bay of Biscay. Many radiocarbon dates for the Antoliña's sequence, made it possible to compare the different proxies among them and with other well-known North-Atlantic records. Cooling and warming events regionally recorded, mostly coincide with the climatic evolution of the Upper Pleistocene in the north hemisphere.
The Roman village of Forua (North Spain) was an important iron production and distribution centre... more The Roman village of Forua (North Spain) was an important iron production and distribution centre during the 1st-4th centuries AD. Different metallurgical materials at the archaeological site were identified as forged slag, bog ore mineral and refractory materials used in the walls and on the floor of furnaces. The samples were studied by macroanalysis and microanalysis techniques. The mineralogical characterization was carried out via optical microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, and the textural characteristics and the composition of individual phases were determined using scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron-dispersive spectroscopy, and by Raman microspectroscopy. Mineral associations not only reflect furnace cooling rates and temperatures but also indicate quartz was the main flux used. The microanalysis results reflect the elements that constituted the slags and other materials from the forge and the worked metallic materials. The results showed the slags originated from iron smithing, which also was confirmed by the presence of iron particles. The ore materials consisted of goethite.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer una plataforma como instrumento tecnológico para l... more El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer una plataforma como instrumento tecnológico para la aplicación de la metodología Blended-Learning en la enseñanza de un segundo idioma, con la finalidad de mejorar el desarrollo de las destrezas de los estudiantes. El tratamiento de la propuesta inició con la revisión bibliográfica sobre las teorías de aprendizaje de un segundo idioma y el análisis de los roles que debe cumplir el docente y el estudiante. En consecuencia, los resultados de la investigación muestran que el uso de la modalidad Blended-Learning es de gran utilidad como estrategia pedagógica para aprender un idioma porque combina lo mejor de la modalidad presencial y virtual para optimizar el desempeño, sin embargo, el éxito del aprendizaje es definido por la planificación de los recursos didácticos, por lo tanto, la herramienta involucrada debe ajustarse al enfoque de aprendizaje. Palabras claves: Estrategia pedagógica, metodología de aprendizaje, modalidad presencial-virt...
Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia, Jan 4, 2018
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high prevalence in critical care patients. Early detection might ... more Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high prevalence in critical care patients. Early detection might prevent patients from developing chronic kidney disease and requirement for renal replacement therapy. If we compare AKI with acute coronary syndrome, in which an increase in cardiac troponin may trigger early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, we could extrapolate a similar technique in patients with early AKI without changes in urinary frequency or serum creatinine. The objective is to identify biomarker-positive, creatinine-negative patients that would allow therapeutic interventions to be initiated before finding changes in serum creatinine, preventing kidney damage. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 are cell cycle arrest biomarkers that have demonstrated, in recent clinical trials, to have good sensitivity and specificity for early detection of AKI. Other recent studies have shown that the joint use of these biomarkers with...
Libyan desert glass (LDG) is a melt product whose origin is still a matter of controversy. With t... more Libyan desert glass (LDG) is a melt product whose origin is still a matter of controversy. With the purpose of adding new information about this enigma, the present paper analyzes the inner part of LDG specimens and compares them with the results of LDG surfaces. An integrated analytical methodology was used combining different techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, in point-by-point and imaging modes, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), energy-dispersive micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-EDXRF), electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA), and optical cathodoluminescence (Optical-CL). According to our results, flow structures of the melt and the amorphous nature of the matrix could be discerned. Moreover, the observed displacement of Raman bands, such as in the cases of quartz and zircon, and the identification of certain compounds such as coesite (the most clarifying phase of high pressures), α-cristobalite, gypsum, anhydrite, corundum, rutile, amorpho...
Trace elements have been analysed in 23 tooth enamel and dentine samples fromaMuslimpopulation in... more Trace elements have been analysed in 23 tooth enamel and dentine samples fromaMuslimpopulation in Tauste (North Spain) to investigate health and palaeodietary patterns during the 8th–10th centuries. LA-ICP-MS technique was used to determine the chemical composition of teeth. Post-burial alteration was established by REE and U high content (1 N μg/g) and several samples, mainly of deciduous teeth, were discarded. Trace elements show different behaviour in dentine and enamel related to the composition of tissues. Five individuals had high Pb contents (ranging between 2 and 30 μg/g) suggesting intoxication by occupational exposure to anthropogenic lead. Considering the period of time, individual lead intoxication could be attributed to working activity. Young individuals vs adults, and males vs females show different food intake, probably due to sexual division of labour or social status. The palaeodietary pattern of the Tauste population provides insights into this Muslim community.
This paper describes a method for effective separation of the pure binder fraction of lime mortar... more This paper describes a method for effective separation of the pure binder fraction of lime mortars for reliable radiocarbon dating. The methodology allows removal of the detrital carbonate fraction and the unburnt limestone particles, obtaining particles of under 1 μm. The extracted fraction ensured that all carbonate has been generated by slaked lime carbonation. Consequently, the measured carbon corresponds to atmospheric carbon. The proposed method allows to obtain pure datable binder, simplifying considerably the performance of radiometric measurements because dating other grain-size fraction is unnecessary. In order to prove the effectiveness of binder refining, the extraction method has been applied to 5 lime mortars of different archaeological periods from the perimeter walls of Santa María la Real parish church (Zarautz, northern Spain).
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, Oct 23, 2016
Identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be challenging in patients with underlying chroni... more Identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) can be challenging in patients with underlying chronic disease, and biomarkers often perform poorly in this population. In this study we examined the performance characteristics of the novel biomarker panel of urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 ([IGFBP7]) in patients with a variety of comorbid conditions. We analyzed data from two multicenter studies of critically ill patients in which [TIMP2]•[IGFBP7] was validated for prediction of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Stage 2 or 3 AKI within 12 h. We constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for AKI prediction both overall and by comorbid conditions common among patients with AKI, including diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the overall cohort of 1131 patients, 139 (12.3%) developed KDIGO Stage 2 or 3 AKI. [TIMP2]•[IGFBP7] was significan...
Approximately one-third of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus will eventually develop diab... more Approximately one-third of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus will eventually develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). Impaired renal function in type 2 diabetics may also be secondary to non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). NDRD in type 2 diabetics may occur alone in the absence of DN or may be superimposed on DN. Renal biopsy maybe indicated to establish the correct diagnosis and to ascertain the severity of glomerular and tubulointerstitial pathology. We report a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic renal insufficiency who developed worsening of renal function in the setting of staphylococcal infection and antibiotic use. Renal biopsy revealed IgA-dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis and acute interstitial nephritis superimposed on diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that, NDRD accounts for impaired renal function in a significant number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The presence of clinical, biochemical, and radiological f...
La Cueva De Santimamine Revision Y Actualizacion 2011 Pags 291 320, 2011
In this work Upper Pleistocene and Holocene vertebrates microfauna study is shown. Samples were c... more In this work Upper Pleistocene and Holocene vertebrates microfauna study is shown. Samples were collected in Santimamiñe site in the stratigraphical review during 2004 and 2006 years. A total of 47.093 microvertebrates remains were obtained from about 700 Kg of sediments and 20 taxons of microvertebrates (15 micromammals, 2 amphibians and 3 reptiles) were identified. Based on the influence of climate change on some microvertebrates groups, distinguished microfaunal assemblages allows to infer paleoenvironmental conditions along the Santimamiñe stratigraphical sequence. Two episodes were identified, a cold episode in the base of the sequence and, hot episode at the top. Additionally, within the cold episode small environmental variations were recognized.
Three very different records are combined here to reconstruct the evolution of environments in th... more Three very different records are combined here to reconstruct the evolution of environments in the Cantabrian Region during the Upper Pleistocene, covering ~35.000 years. Two of these records come from Antoliñako Koba (Bizkaia, Spain), an exceptional prehistoric deposit comprising 9 chrono-cultural units (Aurignacian to Epipaleolithic). The palaeoecological signal of small-vertebrate communities and red deer stable-isotope data (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) from this mainland site are contrasted to marine microfaunal evidence (planktonic and benthic foraminifers, ostracods and δ(18)O data) gathered at the southern Bay of Biscay. Many radiocarbon dates for the Antoliña's sequence, made it possible to compare the different proxies among them and with other well-known North-Atlantic records. Cooling and warming events regionally recorded, mostly coincide with the climatic evolution of the Upper Pleistocene in the north hemisphere.
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