The different assays are required for the determination of general toxicity. These assays usually... more The different assays are required for the determination of general toxicity. These assays usually need technical personal and time-consuming. The alternative simple and non ethical assay is required for the preliminary assessment. But, these methods should be validated. In this study, the capacity of Artemia urmiana was measured in assessing food additives. The results supported that using A. urmiana might be not useful in preliminary assessment in food additives.
Statement of the Problem: The periodontal health and marginal stability of gingiva can be negativ... more Statement of the Problem: The periodontal health and marginal stability of gingiva can be negatively affected by a number of dental conditions in association with deficiency of attached gingiva. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the color and width of tissue grafted by two surgical techniques of keratinized gingival augmentation, namely free gingival graft(FGG) and connective tissue graft (CTG) covered by thin mucosal flap . Materials and Method: This clinical trial was performed on 15 adult individuals. The patients showed less than 2mm keratinized gingiva on two different recipient sides. One side was to be treated with CTG as the test group and the other side to be treated with FGG as the control group. The amount of keratinized gingiva before the surgery, size of grafted tissue during the surgery and 6 month after the surgery was documented. Six months after healing, the test and control sides were compared in terms of the width of generated gingiva on both sides, and the col...
Introduction: Determination of the relationship between in-vitro embryos and their owners is of g... more Introduction: Determination of the relationship between in-vitro embryos and their owners is of great importance for establishing couples’ rights regarding in-vitro embryos. Moreover, deciding on their ownership is significant for selecting the credible person to make decision about them. Methods: In this analytical and descriptive study library methods were applied. In this regard, almost all library sources such as books, articles, domestic and international laws and regulations about the subject (both in Persian and in English) were retrieved. Also, clergies’ opinions on this issue were sought. Findings: Some consider embryos as properties of parents. Three criteria are necessary for claiming an ownership relationship including exclusiveness, absoluteness and permanence. However, meeting these criteria is not possible in embryo-parent relationship. Nevertheless, some believe that embryo ownership is exclusive to its father. On the other hand, based on the labor theory another gro...
Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 2016
Cryopreserved embryos are considered as abandoned embryos in two situations. The first situation ... more Cryopreserved embryos are considered as abandoned embryos in two situations. The first situation is when the embryo`s owners have no definite domicile and no written guideline has been provided by the couple regarding the embryo`s status. The second one is when the owners of cryopreserved embryos explicitly state that they permit the freezing centers to decide about their embryos` fate. The aim of the present study was to determine the best possible decisions about cryopreserved embryos in case of their abandonment by couples. This research was conducted through library and analytical research methods. As the cryopreservation of embryos is expensive, cryopreservation centers must be exempted from preserving embryos after unsuccessful attempts at communication with the owners and passing of reasonable time. Making decisions about the fate of abandoned cryopreserved embryos depends on the nature we attribute to them. If we consider abandoned cryopreserved embryos as humans, it is poss...
The advantages of arbitration lead to the increasing reference of businessmen to it as a way for ... more The advantages of arbitration lead to the increasing reference of businessmen to it as a way for resolving the business problems. Among the advantages of arbitration are swiftness in investigation and non-compliance to due processes and private hearings. The issue is that whether or not the principle of equal treatment for administering justice has been considered in this method. By referring to jurisprudence texts and the international commercial arbitration law, it will be cleared that the lawmakers have stipulated particular regulations with regards to this matter. The arbitrators are obliged to observe equality throughout the whole process of arbitration by giving sufficient and appropriate time for the proposition of reasons and claims. Although the lawmaker has not explicitly specified the implementation guarantee, considering the international regulations and given Iran's joining to some of the conventions, the implementation guarantee of such a principle in all stages co...
One of the most important results and effects of the principle of autonomy of arbitration agreeme... more One of the most important results and effects of the principle of autonomy of arbitration agreement from the main contract is the inefficacy of termination and nullification of the main contract. It might be stated that with the termination or nullification of the main contract, the arbitration agreement, either as an arbitration condition in the terms of the main contract or as a separate agreement which is nonetheless related to the main contract, would not be localized in any instance, and thus it cannot be considered as an independent legal institution. The nullification of the terms based on the termination of main contract is justified by the principle implying the compliance of terms with the main contract, yet this rule is not universal. In some instances, based on the rule of autonomy and also the tacit agreement of parties, and considering the deviation of objectives in terms and the main contract, the principle may not be implied. By this argument, not only the acceptanc...
One of the effects and results of the principle of independence is that the condition of arbitrat... more One of the effects and results of the principle of independence is that the condition of arbitration from the main contract is to consider separate legal arbitration for each of the principal contracts and the issue of referralability.This means that if the main contract of invalidity was void according to the law, it would not only have no effect on the arbitration agreement, but also has no role in the issue of the possibility of referral to the arbitration, and the arbitration agreement as well as the ability to refer the case to arbitration should have another fate It is governed by the law.What is discussed in this paper is the proof of this theory that by accepting the doctrine of the principle of independence, the condition of arbitration will be different from the main contract of the law governing the main contract and the law governing the ability to refer the matter to arbitration. Keywords: The principle of independence is the condition of the arbitration of the original...
Examination of Embryo and Gamete Cryopreservation Contracts: (Fundamental Conditions of Validity,... more Examination of Embryo and Gamete Cryopreservation Contracts: (Fundamental Conditions of Validity, Parties' Obligations, Sanctions and Dissolution Forms) Nazila Taghavi, Reza Omani Samani Seyyed Mohammad Asadinejad Abstract Embryos and gamete cryopreservation contract is a contract between the embryos cryopreservation applicant and cryopreservation centers to freeze and preserve their embryos and gamete. This article aims to review constitutional conditions of validity, parties` obligation, sanction and dissolution methods of embryos and gamete cryopreservation contract. Research method has been revision in some parts and analyticdescriptive in other parts. Observing the constitutional conditions of validity of transaction especially about the case of transaction and legitimacy of the contracting parties` motivation bring up new issues. This contract also brings up new issues in parties obligation, their sanction and methods of the contract dissolution due to being new and indefi...
Mortgage contract is one of the specified contracts. The mortgage contract is an actual collatera... more Mortgage contract is one of the specified contracts. The mortgage contract is an actual collateral, meaning that the debtor determines a certain amount of money and the creditor will be entitled to an actual right over a specific amount of his possessions and assets which will make the creditor assured about the repayment of the debt bythe debtor. In the present paper, we deal with general rules regarding the conclusion of a mortgage contract, some of its varieties such as frequent mortgage and mortgage on the properties belonging to another party, mortgage terms and the effects of mortgage. The relationship between the aforementioned contract and the rules and regulations of The Organization for Registration of Deeds and Real Estate, particularly the Article 34 q s which was modified on February 18, 2008 according to which the Article 34 of frequent mortgage was omitted renders the findings of the research innovative and thoughtful. KEYWORDS:frequent mortgage, condition to deny the...
The different assays are required for the determination of general toxicity. These assays usually... more The different assays are required for the determination of general toxicity. These assays usually need technical personal and time-consuming. The alternative simple and non ethical assay is required for the preliminary assessment. But, these methods should be validated. In this study, the capacity of Artemia urmiana was measured in assessing food additives. The results supported that using A. urmiana might be not useful in preliminary assessment in food additives.
Statement of the Problem: The periodontal health and marginal stability of gingiva can be negativ... more Statement of the Problem: The periodontal health and marginal stability of gingiva can be negatively affected by a number of dental conditions in association with deficiency of attached gingiva. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the color and width of tissue grafted by two surgical techniques of keratinized gingival augmentation, namely free gingival graft(FGG) and connective tissue graft (CTG) covered by thin mucosal flap . Materials and Method: This clinical trial was performed on 15 adult individuals. The patients showed less than 2mm keratinized gingiva on two different recipient sides. One side was to be treated with CTG as the test group and the other side to be treated with FGG as the control group. The amount of keratinized gingiva before the surgery, size of grafted tissue during the surgery and 6 month after the surgery was documented. Six months after healing, the test and control sides were compared in terms of the width of generated gingiva on both sides, and the col...
Introduction: Determination of the relationship between in-vitro embryos and their owners is of g... more Introduction: Determination of the relationship between in-vitro embryos and their owners is of great importance for establishing couples’ rights regarding in-vitro embryos. Moreover, deciding on their ownership is significant for selecting the credible person to make decision about them. Methods: In this analytical and descriptive study library methods were applied. In this regard, almost all library sources such as books, articles, domestic and international laws and regulations about the subject (both in Persian and in English) were retrieved. Also, clergies’ opinions on this issue were sought. Findings: Some consider embryos as properties of parents. Three criteria are necessary for claiming an ownership relationship including exclusiveness, absoluteness and permanence. However, meeting these criteria is not possible in embryo-parent relationship. Nevertheless, some believe that embryo ownership is exclusive to its father. On the other hand, based on the labor theory another gro...
Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 2016
Cryopreserved embryos are considered as abandoned embryos in two situations. The first situation ... more Cryopreserved embryos are considered as abandoned embryos in two situations. The first situation is when the embryo`s owners have no definite domicile and no written guideline has been provided by the couple regarding the embryo`s status. The second one is when the owners of cryopreserved embryos explicitly state that they permit the freezing centers to decide about their embryos` fate. The aim of the present study was to determine the best possible decisions about cryopreserved embryos in case of their abandonment by couples. This research was conducted through library and analytical research methods. As the cryopreservation of embryos is expensive, cryopreservation centers must be exempted from preserving embryos after unsuccessful attempts at communication with the owners and passing of reasonable time. Making decisions about the fate of abandoned cryopreserved embryos depends on the nature we attribute to them. If we consider abandoned cryopreserved embryos as humans, it is poss...
The advantages of arbitration lead to the increasing reference of businessmen to it as a way for ... more The advantages of arbitration lead to the increasing reference of businessmen to it as a way for resolving the business problems. Among the advantages of arbitration are swiftness in investigation and non-compliance to due processes and private hearings. The issue is that whether or not the principle of equal treatment for administering justice has been considered in this method. By referring to jurisprudence texts and the international commercial arbitration law, it will be cleared that the lawmakers have stipulated particular regulations with regards to this matter. The arbitrators are obliged to observe equality throughout the whole process of arbitration by giving sufficient and appropriate time for the proposition of reasons and claims. Although the lawmaker has not explicitly specified the implementation guarantee, considering the international regulations and given Iran's joining to some of the conventions, the implementation guarantee of such a principle in all stages co...
One of the most important results and effects of the principle of autonomy of arbitration agreeme... more One of the most important results and effects of the principle of autonomy of arbitration agreement from the main contract is the inefficacy of termination and nullification of the main contract. It might be stated that with the termination or nullification of the main contract, the arbitration agreement, either as an arbitration condition in the terms of the main contract or as a separate agreement which is nonetheless related to the main contract, would not be localized in any instance, and thus it cannot be considered as an independent legal institution. The nullification of the terms based on the termination of main contract is justified by the principle implying the compliance of terms with the main contract, yet this rule is not universal. In some instances, based on the rule of autonomy and also the tacit agreement of parties, and considering the deviation of objectives in terms and the main contract, the principle may not be implied. By this argument, not only the acceptanc...
One of the effects and results of the principle of independence is that the condition of arbitrat... more One of the effects and results of the principle of independence is that the condition of arbitration from the main contract is to consider separate legal arbitration for each of the principal contracts and the issue of referralability.This means that if the main contract of invalidity was void according to the law, it would not only have no effect on the arbitration agreement, but also has no role in the issue of the possibility of referral to the arbitration, and the arbitration agreement as well as the ability to refer the case to arbitration should have another fate It is governed by the law.What is discussed in this paper is the proof of this theory that by accepting the doctrine of the principle of independence, the condition of arbitration will be different from the main contract of the law governing the main contract and the law governing the ability to refer the matter to arbitration. Keywords: The principle of independence is the condition of the arbitration of the original...
Examination of Embryo and Gamete Cryopreservation Contracts: (Fundamental Conditions of Validity,... more Examination of Embryo and Gamete Cryopreservation Contracts: (Fundamental Conditions of Validity, Parties' Obligations, Sanctions and Dissolution Forms) Nazila Taghavi, Reza Omani Samani Seyyed Mohammad Asadinejad Abstract Embryos and gamete cryopreservation contract is a contract between the embryos cryopreservation applicant and cryopreservation centers to freeze and preserve their embryos and gamete. This article aims to review constitutional conditions of validity, parties` obligation, sanction and dissolution methods of embryos and gamete cryopreservation contract. Research method has been revision in some parts and analyticdescriptive in other parts. Observing the constitutional conditions of validity of transaction especially about the case of transaction and legitimacy of the contracting parties` motivation bring up new issues. This contract also brings up new issues in parties obligation, their sanction and methods of the contract dissolution due to being new and indefi...
Mortgage contract is one of the specified contracts. The mortgage contract is an actual collatera... more Mortgage contract is one of the specified contracts. The mortgage contract is an actual collateral, meaning that the debtor determines a certain amount of money and the creditor will be entitled to an actual right over a specific amount of his possessions and assets which will make the creditor assured about the repayment of the debt bythe debtor. In the present paper, we deal with general rules regarding the conclusion of a mortgage contract, some of its varieties such as frequent mortgage and mortgage on the properties belonging to another party, mortgage terms and the effects of mortgage. The relationship between the aforementioned contract and the rules and regulations of The Organization for Registration of Deeds and Real Estate, particularly the Article 34 q s which was modified on February 18, 2008 according to which the Article 34 of frequent mortgage was omitted renders the findings of the research innovative and thoughtful. KEYWORDS:frequent mortgage, condition to deny the...
Uploads