The purpose of this study was to present and test a model of the effect of the students' ... more The purpose of this study was to present and test a model of the effect of the students' locus of control on happiness with the mediation role of optimism and hope. Therefore 377 participates, including 234 males and 143 females, were selected from among the students of a nonprofit institute of higher education and then were asked to respond to the items of Rotter's Locus of Control and Adult Hope Scales, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Life Orientation Test. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research model. Also, to investigate the indirect effects of the research model, bootstrapping method was used. The results showed that the fit indices for the research model were in the favorable range; therefore, the model was consistent with the data. Also, the direct effects of the model showed that the effect of locus of control on the optimism was significant, the effect of hope on happiness was significant, the effect of the locus of control and optimism on hopefulness was also significant , but the effect of optimism on happiness was not significant. Finally, the results showed that all of the indirect effects of the model were significant and the locus of control had a significant effect with the mediation of optimism and hope, on the students' sense of happiness. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider these factors as the influential factors promoting happiness.
The objective of present research was to study effect of eight weeks of walking and exercising in... more The objective of present research was to study effect of eight weeks of walking and exercising in water with different intensities on memory of elderly men. The population included 60 to 75 year old men who were living in Kahrizak Charity Foundation, out of whom 50 people were selected as the research sample. To implement the intervention, two training protocols of walking and exercising in water with low (30-40%) and moderate (40-60%) intensities were used in eighteen 45-min sessions. Personal information questionnaire and Wexler Memory Test were also used for matching and selecting the participants in the research groups; after the training intervention, Wexler Memory Test was re-used for studying memory condition of the participants. Two-way covariance analysis method was applied while analyzing the data (p≤0.05). In this method, training type and intensity were considered the first and second factors, respectively. All the statistical analyses of this study were done in SPSS 16....
Introduction: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has no effect on coronary artery atheroscl... more Introduction: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has no effect on coronary artery atherosclerosis, thus the modification of physiological risk factors seems essential to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD). Then PCI patients have to receive multiple drug therapies in an attempt to prevent the recurrence of cardiac events. In spite of the evidence based on medication adherence to prevent post-PCI CAD development, medication adherence is the main concern for health care system. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the medication adherence and its related factors among these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical community was the patients undergoing PCI at medical educational hospital of Dr. Heshmat in Rasht, Iran. 269 patients were selected by convenient sampling method. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts, namely the socio-individual factors, Morisky medication adherence scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale...
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, Oct 10, 2021
Aim and Background: One of the factors influencing the preparation for addiction is personality t... more Aim and Background: One of the factors influencing the preparation for addiction is personality traits and temperament. Considering that so far little study has been done on the relationship between different temperaments (mizaj) of Persian medicine and preparation for addiction, the present study aimed to investigate the role of these mizaj in students' preparation for addiction. Methods and Materials: The design of the present study was descriptive cross-sectional. A total of 241 students studying in the universities of Mobarakeh were selected by quota sampling method and answered the Iranian preparation for addiction scale and Mizaj determination questionnaire. After determining the Mizajes of the sample, the average preparation for addiction was compared with 9 types of mizaj using analysis of variance. Findings: The results of analysis of variance showed that the average preparation for addiction in at least one mizaj is significantly different from other mizajes. Examination of the results of LSD post hoc test showed that the mean of preparation for addiction in warm-temperate mizaj was significantly lower than the mean of preparation for addiction in cold-temperate, cold-wet, and cold-dry and hot-dry mizajes. Conclusions: In general, the results of the present study show that people with all types of cold and hot-dry mizajes have the highest vulnerability and people with warm-temperate have the least vulnerability to addiction. These results were explained in the theoretical and research context and traditional medicine strategies in maintaining health and tempering mizajes, to protect the tendency to addiction in people with vulnerable mizajes and prevent the movement of non-vulnerable mizajes to the vulnerable were presented.
scientific journal of ilam university of medical sciences, 2013
Introduction: Purpose of the study was to predict the academic procrastination of the master stud... more Introduction: Purpose of the study was to predict the academic procrastination of the master students of Shiraz University based on emotional intelligence components. Materials & Methods: In the present study, among master students of Shiraz University, 185 students (99 male and 86 female) were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The academic procrastination and Trait Meta-mood scale (TMMS) questionnaires were completed by the students under study. The data were analyzed by statistical correlation tests. Findings: The results indicated that the total score of emotional intelligence predicted academic procrastination and among the three emotional intelligence components, emotional clarity could predict academic procrastination. Discussion & Conclusion: According to these findings, it may reduce academic procrastination of students by interventions such as instructing the emotional intelligence.
Background and aim: The use of online games in recent years has become a popular entertainment am... more Background and aim: The use of online games in recent years has become a popular entertainment among teens. Due to their highly motivating properties and the high rates of addiction to these games, the motivating factors for online gaming have come to the attention of researchers. The present study aimed to develop and test a model for the relationship between motivations for gaming and addiction to online games. Methods: In this crosssectional study, 409 adolescents which play Clash of Clans were recruited from high schools in Karaj and two questionnaires of online gaming addiction and motives for online gaming were completed. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that seeking the flow experience and communication with others were the highest and lowest ranking in prediction of influencing online gaming addiction, respectively. The investigated model for the role of psychological motivations in online gam...
Introduction: Adolescence is a critical stage for the onset of high-risk behavior of smoking. The... more Introduction: Adolescence is a critical stage for the onset of high-risk behavior of smoking. The present study investigated the role of parental monitoring and deviant peer companionship with regard to smoking in adolescents. Methods: The design of the current study involves correlation using structural equation modeling. The population of the study involves all male and female adolescents in Tehran high school, from which 1241 individuals were selected through cluster sampling. To collect the data, different scales such as Iran’s adolescent risk-taking scales, parental monitoring scales and finally companionship with deviant peers were used. The data were analyzed using correlation statistical indices, independent t-test and structural equation modeling. Results: The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference between girls and boys in smoking risk-taking. In addition, parental monitoring for girls was higher than for boys; however, boys reported greater levels of companionship with deviant peers. Moreover, parental monitoring through companionship with peers had a significant effect on smoking. The mediating model can explain 10%of smoking variance. Conclusion: Attention to the role of parental monitoring in reducing deviant peer company and consequently reducing the risk of smoking by adolescents is very important.
Article Type Analytical Review Purpose: The cognitive-spiritual therapy group of addiction is a 1... more Article Type Analytical Review Purpose: The cognitive-spiritual therapy group of addiction is a 12session treatment based on spiritual care and based on IranianIslamic culture, which has been recently developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-spiritual addiction therapy group with spiritual care approach on temptation, emotion regulation and mental health of methadone maintenance clients. Materials and Methods: Thirty individuals treated with methadone maintenance in addiction treatment centers in Khomeini Shahr were selected as the research sample using purposive sampling. These 30 individuals were divided into two peer groups and the group intervention was randomly performed on one group (experiment) and the other group was considered as the control group. Before the intervention, the general health questionnaire, the emotional regulation subscale of the shot emotional intelligence scale and the visual analog scale for temptation were administ...
International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2012
Introduction: This research aims to investigate the factor structure and Psychometric Properties ... more Introduction: This research aims to investigate the factor structure and Psychometric Properties of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in an Iranian sample. Method: The statistical population of this study comprised all the students of Shiraz University. Among them, a total of 363 people (181 male, 182 female) were selected using stratified random sampling. To achieve the study objective and assess convergent validity, the Persian version of DERS and Beck Depression Inventory were used, respectively. Results: The results obtained from explratory factor analyses showed that from among eight extracted factors of the scale, six were associated with DERS and two other factors were omitted as a result of loading of just one item. In addition, internal correlations and correlations of all subscales of DERS with BDI were significant. Finally, internal consistency of this scale using Cronbach’s alpha for all subscales ranged from r=0.86 to r=0/88. Furthermore, the one-week test...
Yafteh Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: According to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to pr... more Background: According to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to predict adherence to treatment based on social support variables and coping strategies to reduce the severity of this disease. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 392 men and women with type 2 diabetes were evaluated using purposeful and convenient sampling. Wax social support and the Blings and Moss coping strategies questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22), descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, and mean), and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis). Results: The results indicated that the correlation between the subscales of social support and coping strategies with adherence to drug therapy was significant (P<.01). These measures could predict more than 27%) 27.1( of changes in compliance with drug treatment. Conclusion: Social support and coping strategies can be two effective fac...
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2021
Background: Awareness of people’s motivations for committing high-risk behaviors helps to explain... more Background: Awareness of people’s motivations for committing high-risk behaviors helps to explain the underlying causes and provides a framework for their use in preventive and therapeutic interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive model of high-risk behaviors in adolescents based on their motivations. Methods: The present research has a correlational design and uses structural equation modeling. The sample included 450 male students selected through a convenience sampling method to complete the Iranian Adolescents’ Risk-taking and Motives for Risk-taking scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that thrill-seeking, calculation, audience control, irresponsibility, and hedonistic motivation had significant relationships with high-risk behaviors. Also, except for attention-seeking, other motivations could significantly contribute to the prediction of high-risk behaviors. Also, the motivations had the stronges...
Aims: This study aimed to determine the attitudes toward alcohol abuse among students in Tehran a... more Aims: This study aimed to determine the attitudes toward alcohol abuse among students in Tehran and to develop and test a model of the relationships among parental monitoring and affiliation with deviant peers as they predict youth alcohol abuse. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1266 adolescents were recruited from high schools in Tehran and three scales of alcohol abuse, parental monitoring, and adolescent affiliation with deviant peers were completed for them. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and structural equations modeling. Results: The results of this study indicated that 7.4% of individuals had a positive attitude toward alcohol abuse. The percentage of positive attitude among males was nearly 2 times more than females. The study model was confirmed and explained 0.42 of attitudes toward alcohol abuse variance. Moreover, affiliation with deviant peers had a mediating role in the relationship between Parental Monitoring and attitude toward alcohol abuse. Conclusion: According to the results, parental monitoring and affiliation with deviant peers could explain the alcohol abuse among adolescents. Therefore, it is suggested to include these factors in prevention programs aimed at reducing alcohol abuse.
The purpose of this study was to present and test a model of the effect of the students&#39; ... more The purpose of this study was to present and test a model of the effect of the students&#39; locus of control on happiness with the mediation role of optimism and hope. Therefore 377 participates, including 234 males and 143 females, were selected from among the students of a nonprofit institute of higher education and then were asked to respond to the items of Rotter&#39;s Locus of Control and Adult Hope Scales, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Life Orientation Test. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research model. Also, to investigate the indirect effects of the research model, bootstrapping method was used. The results showed that the fit indices for the research model were in the favorable range; therefore, the model was consistent with the data. Also, the direct effects of the model showed that the effect of locus of control on the optimism was significant, the effect of hope on happiness was significant, the effect of the locus of control and optimism on hopefulness was also significant , but the effect of optimism on happiness was not significant. Finally, the results showed that all of the indirect effects of the model were significant and the locus of control had a significant effect with the mediation of optimism and hope, on the students&#39; sense of happiness. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider these factors as the influential factors promoting happiness.
The objective of present research was to study effect of eight weeks of walking and exercising in... more The objective of present research was to study effect of eight weeks of walking and exercising in water with different intensities on memory of elderly men. The population included 60 to 75 year old men who were living in Kahrizak Charity Foundation, out of whom 50 people were selected as the research sample. To implement the intervention, two training protocols of walking and exercising in water with low (30-40%) and moderate (40-60%) intensities were used in eighteen 45-min sessions. Personal information questionnaire and Wexler Memory Test were also used for matching and selecting the participants in the research groups; after the training intervention, Wexler Memory Test was re-used for studying memory condition of the participants. Two-way covariance analysis method was applied while analyzing the data (p≤0.05). In this method, training type and intensity were considered the first and second factors, respectively. All the statistical analyses of this study were done in SPSS 16....
Introduction: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has no effect on coronary artery atheroscl... more Introduction: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has no effect on coronary artery atherosclerosis, thus the modification of physiological risk factors seems essential to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD). Then PCI patients have to receive multiple drug therapies in an attempt to prevent the recurrence of cardiac events. In spite of the evidence based on medication adherence to prevent post-PCI CAD development, medication adherence is the main concern for health care system. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the medication adherence and its related factors among these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical community was the patients undergoing PCI at medical educational hospital of Dr. Heshmat in Rasht, Iran. 269 patients were selected by convenient sampling method. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of 4 parts, namely the socio-individual factors, Morisky medication adherence scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale...
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, Oct 10, 2021
Aim and Background: One of the factors influencing the preparation for addiction is personality t... more Aim and Background: One of the factors influencing the preparation for addiction is personality traits and temperament. Considering that so far little study has been done on the relationship between different temperaments (mizaj) of Persian medicine and preparation for addiction, the present study aimed to investigate the role of these mizaj in students&#39; preparation for addiction. Methods and Materials: The design of the present study was descriptive cross-sectional. A total of 241 students studying in the universities of Mobarakeh were selected by quota sampling method and answered the Iranian preparation for addiction scale and Mizaj determination questionnaire. After determining the Mizajes of the sample, the average preparation for addiction was compared with 9 types of mizaj using analysis of variance. Findings: The results of analysis of variance showed that the average preparation for addiction in at least one mizaj is significantly different from other mizajes. Examination of the results of LSD post hoc test showed that the mean of preparation for addiction in warm-temperate mizaj was significantly lower than the mean of preparation for addiction in cold-temperate, cold-wet, and cold-dry and hot-dry mizajes. Conclusions: In general, the results of the present study show that people with all types of cold and hot-dry mizajes have the highest vulnerability and people with warm-temperate have the least vulnerability to addiction. These results were explained in the theoretical and research context and traditional medicine strategies in maintaining health and tempering mizajes, to protect the tendency to addiction in people with vulnerable mizajes and prevent the movement of non-vulnerable mizajes to the vulnerable were presented.
scientific journal of ilam university of medical sciences, 2013
Introduction: Purpose of the study was to predict the academic procrastination of the master stud... more Introduction: Purpose of the study was to predict the academic procrastination of the master students of Shiraz University based on emotional intelligence components. Materials & Methods: In the present study, among master students of Shiraz University, 185 students (99 male and 86 female) were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The academic procrastination and Trait Meta-mood scale (TMMS) questionnaires were completed by the students under study. The data were analyzed by statistical correlation tests. Findings: The results indicated that the total score of emotional intelligence predicted academic procrastination and among the three emotional intelligence components, emotional clarity could predict academic procrastination. Discussion & Conclusion: According to these findings, it may reduce academic procrastination of students by interventions such as instructing the emotional intelligence.
Background and aim: The use of online games in recent years has become a popular entertainment am... more Background and aim: The use of online games in recent years has become a popular entertainment among teens. Due to their highly motivating properties and the high rates of addiction to these games, the motivating factors for online gaming have come to the attention of researchers. The present study aimed to develop and test a model for the relationship between motivations for gaming and addiction to online games. Methods: In this crosssectional study, 409 adolescents which play Clash of Clans were recruited from high schools in Karaj and two questionnaires of online gaming addiction and motives for online gaming were completed. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that seeking the flow experience and communication with others were the highest and lowest ranking in prediction of influencing online gaming addiction, respectively. The investigated model for the role of psychological motivations in online gam...
Introduction: Adolescence is a critical stage for the onset of high-risk behavior of smoking. The... more Introduction: Adolescence is a critical stage for the onset of high-risk behavior of smoking. The present study investigated the role of parental monitoring and deviant peer companionship with regard to smoking in adolescents. Methods: The design of the current study involves correlation using structural equation modeling. The population of the study involves all male and female adolescents in Tehran high school, from which 1241 individuals were selected through cluster sampling. To collect the data, different scales such as Iran’s adolescent risk-taking scales, parental monitoring scales and finally companionship with deviant peers were used. The data were analyzed using correlation statistical indices, independent t-test and structural equation modeling. Results: The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference between girls and boys in smoking risk-taking. In addition, parental monitoring for girls was higher than for boys; however, boys reported greater levels of companionship with deviant peers. Moreover, parental monitoring through companionship with peers had a significant effect on smoking. The mediating model can explain 10%of smoking variance. Conclusion: Attention to the role of parental monitoring in reducing deviant peer company and consequently reducing the risk of smoking by adolescents is very important.
Article Type Analytical Review Purpose: The cognitive-spiritual therapy group of addiction is a 1... more Article Type Analytical Review Purpose: The cognitive-spiritual therapy group of addiction is a 12session treatment based on spiritual care and based on IranianIslamic culture, which has been recently developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-spiritual addiction therapy group with spiritual care approach on temptation, emotion regulation and mental health of methadone maintenance clients. Materials and Methods: Thirty individuals treated with methadone maintenance in addiction treatment centers in Khomeini Shahr were selected as the research sample using purposive sampling. These 30 individuals were divided into two peer groups and the group intervention was randomly performed on one group (experiment) and the other group was considered as the control group. Before the intervention, the general health questionnaire, the emotional regulation subscale of the shot emotional intelligence scale and the visual analog scale for temptation were administ...
International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2012
Introduction: This research aims to investigate the factor structure and Psychometric Properties ... more Introduction: This research aims to investigate the factor structure and Psychometric Properties of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in an Iranian sample. Method: The statistical population of this study comprised all the students of Shiraz University. Among them, a total of 363 people (181 male, 182 female) were selected using stratified random sampling. To achieve the study objective and assess convergent validity, the Persian version of DERS and Beck Depression Inventory were used, respectively. Results: The results obtained from explratory factor analyses showed that from among eight extracted factors of the scale, six were associated with DERS and two other factors were omitted as a result of loading of just one item. In addition, internal correlations and correlations of all subscales of DERS with BDI were significant. Finally, internal consistency of this scale using Cronbach’s alpha for all subscales ranged from r=0.86 to r=0/88. Furthermore, the one-week test...
Yafteh Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: According to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to pr... more Background: According to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to predict adherence to treatment based on social support variables and coping strategies to reduce the severity of this disease. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 392 men and women with type 2 diabetes were evaluated using purposeful and convenient sampling. Wax social support and the Blings and Moss coping strategies questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22), descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, and mean), and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis). Results: The results indicated that the correlation between the subscales of social support and coping strategies with adherence to drug therapy was significant (P<.01). These measures could predict more than 27%) 27.1( of changes in compliance with drug treatment. Conclusion: Social support and coping strategies can be two effective fac...
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2021
Background: Awareness of people’s motivations for committing high-risk behaviors helps to explain... more Background: Awareness of people’s motivations for committing high-risk behaviors helps to explain the underlying causes and provides a framework for their use in preventive and therapeutic interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive model of high-risk behaviors in adolescents based on their motivations. Methods: The present research has a correlational design and uses structural equation modeling. The sample included 450 male students selected through a convenience sampling method to complete the Iranian Adolescents’ Risk-taking and Motives for Risk-taking scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that thrill-seeking, calculation, audience control, irresponsibility, and hedonistic motivation had significant relationships with high-risk behaviors. Also, except for attention-seeking, other motivations could significantly contribute to the prediction of high-risk behaviors. Also, the motivations had the stronges...
Aims: This study aimed to determine the attitudes toward alcohol abuse among students in Tehran a... more Aims: This study aimed to determine the attitudes toward alcohol abuse among students in Tehran and to develop and test a model of the relationships among parental monitoring and affiliation with deviant peers as they predict youth alcohol abuse. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1266 adolescents were recruited from high schools in Tehran and three scales of alcohol abuse, parental monitoring, and adolescent affiliation with deviant peers were completed for them. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and structural equations modeling. Results: The results of this study indicated that 7.4% of individuals had a positive attitude toward alcohol abuse. The percentage of positive attitude among males was nearly 2 times more than females. The study model was confirmed and explained 0.42 of attitudes toward alcohol abuse variance. Moreover, affiliation with deviant peers had a mediating role in the relationship between Parental Monitoring and attitude toward alcohol abuse. Conclusion: According to the results, parental monitoring and affiliation with deviant peers could explain the alcohol abuse among adolescents. Therefore, it is suggested to include these factors in prevention programs aimed at reducing alcohol abuse.
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