Agricultural biomass is a potential alternative energy’s sources that has not been well managed. ... more Agricultural biomass is a potential alternative energy’s sources that has not been well managed. The objectives of this research were to produce biopellet from bagase and peanut shell and to quantify the parameters quality of biopellet’s formulation. This research was started with bagasse, peanut shell, and cacao pod characterisation. Futhermore is milling prosess of raw material, formulation of raw material with addition material, densification process, drying, and analysis of chemical, physical, and biological quality of biopellet product.From the analytical results, the best biopellet’s formula was biopellet made from peanut shell 100% with heat value of 4644 kcal/kg, biopellet from bagasse Trangkil 40% and peanut shell 60% with heat value of 4584 kcal/kg, and biopellet from industrial small bagasse 40% plus peanut shell 60% with heat value of 4539 kcal/kg. Keywords: bagasse, biopellet, densification, peanut shell
Introduction It is evident from a number of Cleaner Production (CP) case studies that good housek... more Introduction It is evident from a number of Cleaner Production (CP) case studies that good housekeeping is an effective strategy for minimizing waste generation in industrial activities. Very often CP options genemted during many industrial CP audits belong to good housekeeping category. Good housekeeping is an easy and low cost method for reducing operational cost. Good hOTIsekeeping practices are procedural, administrative and institutional measures that a business ca."} adopt with the aim of preventing waste and pollution. These practices ~re often simple common sense that focuses more on the human side of business operations rather than the tecb.1lological side. These good business practices generate less waste by making existing processes more efficient. Therefore, it is important that a company reassesses its housekeeping practices regularly because much money and resourc~s are wasted due to lack of care or ignorance. Exercising good housckeeping practices often requires ...
Metil ester berhasil diproduksi dengan transesterifikasi minyak nyamplung menggunakan katalisator... more Metil ester berhasil diproduksi dengan transesterifikasi minyak nyamplung menggunakan katalisator kalsium oksida. Proses transesterifikasi dilakukan dalam suatu reaktor batch yang dilengkapi dengan pemanas, termokopel, pengaduk, termostat, dan pengambil sampel. Reaksi selanjutnya dilakukan selama 120 menit dan sampel diambil setiap 10 menit. Pengaruh parameter operasi yang berbeda seperti rasio molar metanol minyak, pemuatan katalis, suhu reaksi, dan waktu reaksi dievaluasi. Sebesar 82,53% konversi diperoleh pada kondisi optimum 12: 1 rasio molar metanol minyak, 60˚C suhu reaksi, 5% berat katalis, dan 2 jam waktu reaksi. Model optimasi: Model kinetika reaksi kimia disusun dan diselesaikan dengan MATLAB. Nilai faktor frekuensi tumbukan adalah 0,0974 dan 0,0003 (dm 3 /gmol.min). Sementara itu, nilai energi aktivasi reaksi berturut-turut adalah 23,34 dan 10,63 KJ/mol. Kata kunci: katalis padat, minyak nyamplung, model kinetika, transesterifikasi
Palm oil mills in their production process require a large amount of energy and water. Scarcity a... more Palm oil mills in their production process require a large amount of energy and water. Scarcity and enormous costs of energy and water become factors that may limit the future production of crude palm oil (CPO). On the other hand, demands for palm oil and its derivatives are increasing. Therefore, a number of research on energy and water by utilizing biomass produced by fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are necessary to develop. Analysis on the energy and mass balance of palm oil mills was carried out ??to obtain accurate information on the needs and the potential of energy and water from the wastes generated. Analysis on the energy and mass balance of palm oil mills was carried out ??to obtain accurate information on the needs and the potential of energy and water from the wastes generated. The results of the analysis of the energy and mass balance show that the potential of the total solid wastes generated by the palm oil mills with a capacity of 30 tons/hr are equal to 16,090.09 kg/hr or...
Limbah yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) yang merupakan rincian aliran massa pada se... more Limbah yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) yang merupakan rincian aliran massa pada setiap proses dari input bahan baku berupa tandan buah segar dan kebutuhan air, sampai ke output dan hasil samping dari pabrik kelapa sawit, dapat diketahui dari perhitungan neraca massa. Kuantitas limbah dan Crude Palm Oil ( CPO ) yang dihasilkan bergantung dari teknologi yang digunakan di PKS. Perubahan teknologi pada satu stasiun akan mempengaruhi stasiun lain di PKS. Stasiun yang paling terpengaruh adalah stasiun sterilisasi. Berdasarkan persamaan konsep dari kesetimbangan neraca massa, penelitian ini menggunakan Model Input - Output Leontief untuk menghitung dampak perubahan efisiensi pada stasiun sterilisasi pabrik kelapa sawit. Perubahan koefisien teknologi di stasiun sterilisasi dari konvensional (76%) dengan teknologi baru (96%) adalah meningkatnya jumlah output CPO sebesar 23,1% dari 6.236 menjadi 7.677 kg dan output kernel juga meningkat 16,4% dari 2.025 menjadi 2.357 kg. Peruba...
PENGGUNAAN COMPATIBILIZER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI, FISIK DAN MEKANIK PLASTIK B... more PENGGUNAAN COMPATIBILIZER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI, FISIK DAN MEKANIK PLASTIK BIODEGRADABEL BERBAHAN BAKU PATI TERMOPLASTIK-LLDPE . Plastik sebagai kemasan suatu produk sudah banyak dipakai dan digunakan dalamkurunwaktu lama.Namun, limbah plastik tersebut dapatmenimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan dikarenakan plastik sulit untuk terdegradasi olehmikroorganisme. Usaha untukmengurangi ketergantungan terhadap plastik salah satunya adanya penggunaan plastik ramah lingkungan dari bahan baku yang dapat diperbaruhi dengan metode blending. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalampembuatan plastik biodegradabel berbahan baku campuran antara bahan alami dan sintetis adalah tidak kompetibel antara kedua bahan tersebut karena bahan alami bersifat hidrofilik/polar dan bahan sintetis bersifat hidrofobik/non polar. Untuk meningkatkan kompatibilitas antara kedua campuran itu perlu bahan ditambahkan seperti compatibilizer. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ...
Garbage is produced daily in significant quantities especially in densely populated areas, creati... more Garbage is produced daily in significant quantities especially in densely populated areas, creating serious environmental problems. On the other hand, the garbage has a high organic content and is a potential resource for producing renewable energy in the form of biogas. The implementation of an integrated approach to the environmental management gives hope to create a win-win solution to solve the strategic problem. The research work aims to characterize the biodegradation process of garbage in a lysimeter system. The lysimeters were intended to simulate the real conditions of landfill. The experiments were performed using 5 lysimeters filled with various sizes of garbage, consisting of powder (A), 0.1 – 0.9 cm (B), 1.0– 1.9 cm (C), 2.0 – 2.9 cm (D) and original shape (E). Observations were conducted for duration of 150 days focusing on the alteration of the fed material and the products of the conversion process. The research results showed that the process of biodegradation is u...
Industrial activities use material, energy and water resources and generate greenhouse gas (GHG).... more Industrial activities use material, energy and water resources and generate greenhouse gas (GHG). Currently, various regulations require industry to measure and quantify the emissions generated from its process activity. LCA is a method that can be used to analyze and report the environmental impact of an activity that uses resources and generates waste by an industrial activity. In this work, LCA is used to determine the environmental impact of a semi-mechanical extraction process of sago industry. The data was collected through the sago industry in Cimahpar, Bogor. The extraction of sago starch consists of stem cutting, rasping, mixing, filtration, starch sedimentation, washing, and drying. The scope of LCA study covers the harvesting of sago stem, transportation to extraction site, and the starch extraction process. With the assumption that the average transportation distance of sago stem to extraction site is 200 km, the GHG emission is estimated to be 325 kg CO2 eq / ton of sun...
The industrial challenges have consistently changed as response of technological development, env... more The industrial challenges have consistently changed as response of technological development, environmental issues, consumer’s needs, and competition. To deal with this situation, proper strategies are undeniably required by industries. Business model design and implementation of coconut-based green industry havebeen a dymanic topic and continuously received a noticeable attention. This paper was intended to offer a critical review on current situation of these topics:strategic model design, green business, and coconut-based agroindustry. Based on our literature review, the topics have been extensively researched, enabling us to carry out more structured investigation on the strategic model design for green business in coconut-based agroindustry. KeywordsStrategic model, Green business, Sustainable business, Coconut-based agroindustry
International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2020
Natural fibre is an environmentally friendly raw material that has a great potential to develop, ... more Natural fibre is an environmentally friendly raw material that has a great potential to develop, and is abundantly available in nature [1]. Currently, the growth of natural fibre processing industries in the world has been increasingly important [2]. Processing of abundant natural fibre in both upstream and downstream productions requires effective and collaborative supply chain management in terms of information sharing. Thus, an intelligent system would be implemented in supply chain management from upstream to downstream. Based on review of 46 scientific papers discussing on types of natural fibre, process, technology, and methods, as well as application areas of natural fibre in downstream industries. According to review on different aspects in 55 scientific papers, there were 5 aspects mapped, i.e. supply chain analytic, value chain, performance, collaboration, big data, and decision support system. A concept of 4.0 industry underlies utilization of opportunities for applicatio...
ABSTRACTMethane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. An import... more ABSTRACTMethane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. An important source of CH4 generation is anaerobic decomposition of organic municipal solid wastes (MSW) in landfill sites. Some control measures are in need to be undertaken, and composting being one of them. The objectives of this research work were to quantify potential contribution of MSW composting in reducing greenhouse gas emission and to illustrate the extent of composting contribution to the emission reduction (ER). Survey was conducted in the Indonesian highly urbanized region of Jabotabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi), and simulation was carried out to determine the value of ER at different scenarios. The mass balance approach is the main method for analyzing the potential reduction of the CH4 emission. The study indicated that app. 5 million tons of MSW is generated annually in the study area. Assuming the average gas production rate of 235 L CH4/kg MSW applies and 80% of...
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability, 2019
AbstractIndonesia is a country with the largest number of tempeh producers in the world. However,... more AbstractIndonesia is a country with the largest number of tempeh producers in the world. However, the practice of tempeh production by most entrepreneurs has not paid enough attention to environmental aspects. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used as a method to assess the environmental impact of tempeh labeled as hygienic, produced by Rumah Tempeh Indonesia (RTI) located in Bogor, West Java. The hygienic tempeh consists of two types, namely one made of local soybean (Tempeh Sehat) and the other made of imported soybean (Tempeh Kita). The extent of the environmental impact, in the form of GHG emissions and energy efficiency, throughout the life cycle of tempeh is calculated, analyzed and some improvement scenarios are proposed. The life cycle of tempeh is limited to soybean cultivation, raw material transportation and tempeh processing at RTI. The results show that Tempeh Sehat generates GHG emissions of 0.323 kg CO2-eq, while Tempeh Kita is 0.555 kg CO2-eq per kg of p...
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis manfaat ekonomis penerapan konsep produksi bersih berda... more Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis manfaat ekonomis penerapan konsep produksi bersih berdasarkan altematif terpilih untuk perbalkan proses pada industri karet remah yang dapal meningkatkan efisiensi dan mengurangi resiko pencemaran dan dapat diterapkan pada penyedia bahan baku (petani karet, KUD, dan pedagang pengumpul) dan pengolahan bokar menjadi karet remah (pabrik karet remah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan konsep produksi bersih pada industri karet remah berbasis karet rakyat yang diterapkan pada tahap penyediaan bahan baku dan pada tahap pengolahan bokar menjadi karet remah menghasilkan keuntungan ekonomis dengan (1) penghematan air sebanyak 18,5 m3110n karet kering; (2) penghematan energi senilai Rp. 7.91011on karet kering; (3) tidak diperlukan investasi untuk peralatan penghilangan bau (malodour); (4) dihindari terjadinya kerugian akibat proses penggantungan selama 14 hari senilai Rp. 70/kg bokar; dan (5) tahapan proses pengolahan bokar menjadi karet re...
The low biodegradable wastewaters remain a challenge in wastewater treatment technology. The perf... more The low biodegradable wastewaters remain a challenge in wastewater treatment technology. The performance of membrane bioreactor systems with submerged hollow fiber microand ultrafiltration membrane modules were examined for purifying recalcitrant wastewaters of leachate of a municipal solid waste open dumping site and effluent of pulp and paper mill. The use of MF and UF membrane bioreactor systems showed an efficient treatment for both types wastewaters with COD reduction of 80-90%. The membrane process achieved the desirable effects of maintaining reasonably high biomass concentration and long sludge retention time, while producing a colloid or particle free effluent. For pulp and paper mill effluent a specific sludge production of 0.11 kg MLSS/kg COD removed was achieved. A permeate flux of about 5 L/m2h could be achieved with the submerged microfiltration membrane. Experiments using ultrafiltration membrane produced relatively low permeate fluxes of 2 L/m2h. By applying periodic...
Agricultural biomass is a potential alternative energy’s sources that has not been well managed. ... more Agricultural biomass is a potential alternative energy’s sources that has not been well managed. The objectives of this research were to produce biopellet from bagase and peanut shell and to quantify the parameters quality of biopellet’s formulation. This research was started with bagasse, peanut shell, and cacao pod characterisation. Futhermore is milling prosess of raw material, formulation of raw material with addition material, densification process, drying, and analysis of chemical, physical, and biological quality of biopellet product.From the analytical results, the best biopellet’s formula was biopellet made from peanut shell 100% with heat value of 4644 kcal/kg, biopellet from bagasse Trangkil 40% and peanut shell 60% with heat value of 4584 kcal/kg, and biopellet from industrial small bagasse 40% plus peanut shell 60% with heat value of 4539 kcal/kg. Keywords: bagasse, biopellet, densification, peanut shell
Introduction It is evident from a number of Cleaner Production (CP) case studies that good housek... more Introduction It is evident from a number of Cleaner Production (CP) case studies that good housekeeping is an effective strategy for minimizing waste generation in industrial activities. Very often CP options genemted during many industrial CP audits belong to good housekeeping category. Good housekeeping is an easy and low cost method for reducing operational cost. Good hOTIsekeeping practices are procedural, administrative and institutional measures that a business ca."} adopt with the aim of preventing waste and pollution. These practices ~re often simple common sense that focuses more on the human side of business operations rather than the tecb.1lological side. These good business practices generate less waste by making existing processes more efficient. Therefore, it is important that a company reassesses its housekeeping practices regularly because much money and resourc~s are wasted due to lack of care or ignorance. Exercising good housckeeping practices often requires ...
Metil ester berhasil diproduksi dengan transesterifikasi minyak nyamplung menggunakan katalisator... more Metil ester berhasil diproduksi dengan transesterifikasi minyak nyamplung menggunakan katalisator kalsium oksida. Proses transesterifikasi dilakukan dalam suatu reaktor batch yang dilengkapi dengan pemanas, termokopel, pengaduk, termostat, dan pengambil sampel. Reaksi selanjutnya dilakukan selama 120 menit dan sampel diambil setiap 10 menit. Pengaruh parameter operasi yang berbeda seperti rasio molar metanol minyak, pemuatan katalis, suhu reaksi, dan waktu reaksi dievaluasi. Sebesar 82,53% konversi diperoleh pada kondisi optimum 12: 1 rasio molar metanol minyak, 60˚C suhu reaksi, 5% berat katalis, dan 2 jam waktu reaksi. Model optimasi: Model kinetika reaksi kimia disusun dan diselesaikan dengan MATLAB. Nilai faktor frekuensi tumbukan adalah 0,0974 dan 0,0003 (dm 3 /gmol.min). Sementara itu, nilai energi aktivasi reaksi berturut-turut adalah 23,34 dan 10,63 KJ/mol. Kata kunci: katalis padat, minyak nyamplung, model kinetika, transesterifikasi
Palm oil mills in their production process require a large amount of energy and water. Scarcity a... more Palm oil mills in their production process require a large amount of energy and water. Scarcity and enormous costs of energy and water become factors that may limit the future production of crude palm oil (CPO). On the other hand, demands for palm oil and its derivatives are increasing. Therefore, a number of research on energy and water by utilizing biomass produced by fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are necessary to develop. Analysis on the energy and mass balance of palm oil mills was carried out ??to obtain accurate information on the needs and the potential of energy and water from the wastes generated. Analysis on the energy and mass balance of palm oil mills was carried out ??to obtain accurate information on the needs and the potential of energy and water from the wastes generated. The results of the analysis of the energy and mass balance show that the potential of the total solid wastes generated by the palm oil mills with a capacity of 30 tons/hr are equal to 16,090.09 kg/hr or...
Limbah yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) yang merupakan rincian aliran massa pada se... more Limbah yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) yang merupakan rincian aliran massa pada setiap proses dari input bahan baku berupa tandan buah segar dan kebutuhan air, sampai ke output dan hasil samping dari pabrik kelapa sawit, dapat diketahui dari perhitungan neraca massa. Kuantitas limbah dan Crude Palm Oil ( CPO ) yang dihasilkan bergantung dari teknologi yang digunakan di PKS. Perubahan teknologi pada satu stasiun akan mempengaruhi stasiun lain di PKS. Stasiun yang paling terpengaruh adalah stasiun sterilisasi. Berdasarkan persamaan konsep dari kesetimbangan neraca massa, penelitian ini menggunakan Model Input - Output Leontief untuk menghitung dampak perubahan efisiensi pada stasiun sterilisasi pabrik kelapa sawit. Perubahan koefisien teknologi di stasiun sterilisasi dari konvensional (76%) dengan teknologi baru (96%) adalah meningkatnya jumlah output CPO sebesar 23,1% dari 6.236 menjadi 7.677 kg dan output kernel juga meningkat 16,4% dari 2.025 menjadi 2.357 kg. Peruba...
PENGGUNAAN COMPATIBILIZER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI, FISIK DAN MEKANIK PLASTIK B... more PENGGUNAAN COMPATIBILIZER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI, FISIK DAN MEKANIK PLASTIK BIODEGRADABEL BERBAHAN BAKU PATI TERMOPLASTIK-LLDPE . Plastik sebagai kemasan suatu produk sudah banyak dipakai dan digunakan dalamkurunwaktu lama.Namun, limbah plastik tersebut dapatmenimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan dikarenakan plastik sulit untuk terdegradasi olehmikroorganisme. Usaha untukmengurangi ketergantungan terhadap plastik salah satunya adanya penggunaan plastik ramah lingkungan dari bahan baku yang dapat diperbaruhi dengan metode blending. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalampembuatan plastik biodegradabel berbahan baku campuran antara bahan alami dan sintetis adalah tidak kompetibel antara kedua bahan tersebut karena bahan alami bersifat hidrofilik/polar dan bahan sintetis bersifat hidrofobik/non polar. Untuk meningkatkan kompatibilitas antara kedua campuran itu perlu bahan ditambahkan seperti compatibilizer. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ...
Garbage is produced daily in significant quantities especially in densely populated areas, creati... more Garbage is produced daily in significant quantities especially in densely populated areas, creating serious environmental problems. On the other hand, the garbage has a high organic content and is a potential resource for producing renewable energy in the form of biogas. The implementation of an integrated approach to the environmental management gives hope to create a win-win solution to solve the strategic problem. The research work aims to characterize the biodegradation process of garbage in a lysimeter system. The lysimeters were intended to simulate the real conditions of landfill. The experiments were performed using 5 lysimeters filled with various sizes of garbage, consisting of powder (A), 0.1 – 0.9 cm (B), 1.0– 1.9 cm (C), 2.0 – 2.9 cm (D) and original shape (E). Observations were conducted for duration of 150 days focusing on the alteration of the fed material and the products of the conversion process. The research results showed that the process of biodegradation is u...
Industrial activities use material, energy and water resources and generate greenhouse gas (GHG).... more Industrial activities use material, energy and water resources and generate greenhouse gas (GHG). Currently, various regulations require industry to measure and quantify the emissions generated from its process activity. LCA is a method that can be used to analyze and report the environmental impact of an activity that uses resources and generates waste by an industrial activity. In this work, LCA is used to determine the environmental impact of a semi-mechanical extraction process of sago industry. The data was collected through the sago industry in Cimahpar, Bogor. The extraction of sago starch consists of stem cutting, rasping, mixing, filtration, starch sedimentation, washing, and drying. The scope of LCA study covers the harvesting of sago stem, transportation to extraction site, and the starch extraction process. With the assumption that the average transportation distance of sago stem to extraction site is 200 km, the GHG emission is estimated to be 325 kg CO2 eq / ton of sun...
The industrial challenges have consistently changed as response of technological development, env... more The industrial challenges have consistently changed as response of technological development, environmental issues, consumer’s needs, and competition. To deal with this situation, proper strategies are undeniably required by industries. Business model design and implementation of coconut-based green industry havebeen a dymanic topic and continuously received a noticeable attention. This paper was intended to offer a critical review on current situation of these topics:strategic model design, green business, and coconut-based agroindustry. Based on our literature review, the topics have been extensively researched, enabling us to carry out more structured investigation on the strategic model design for green business in coconut-based agroindustry. KeywordsStrategic model, Green business, Sustainable business, Coconut-based agroindustry
International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2020
Natural fibre is an environmentally friendly raw material that has a great potential to develop, ... more Natural fibre is an environmentally friendly raw material that has a great potential to develop, and is abundantly available in nature [1]. Currently, the growth of natural fibre processing industries in the world has been increasingly important [2]. Processing of abundant natural fibre in both upstream and downstream productions requires effective and collaborative supply chain management in terms of information sharing. Thus, an intelligent system would be implemented in supply chain management from upstream to downstream. Based on review of 46 scientific papers discussing on types of natural fibre, process, technology, and methods, as well as application areas of natural fibre in downstream industries. According to review on different aspects in 55 scientific papers, there were 5 aspects mapped, i.e. supply chain analytic, value chain, performance, collaboration, big data, and decision support system. A concept of 4.0 industry underlies utilization of opportunities for applicatio...
ABSTRACTMethane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. An import... more ABSTRACTMethane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. An important source of CH4 generation is anaerobic decomposition of organic municipal solid wastes (MSW) in landfill sites. Some control measures are in need to be undertaken, and composting being one of them. The objectives of this research work were to quantify potential contribution of MSW composting in reducing greenhouse gas emission and to illustrate the extent of composting contribution to the emission reduction (ER). Survey was conducted in the Indonesian highly urbanized region of Jabotabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, and Bekasi), and simulation was carried out to determine the value of ER at different scenarios. The mass balance approach is the main method for analyzing the potential reduction of the CH4 emission. The study indicated that app. 5 million tons of MSW is generated annually in the study area. Assuming the average gas production rate of 235 L CH4/kg MSW applies and 80% of...
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability, 2019
AbstractIndonesia is a country with the largest number of tempeh producers in the world. However,... more AbstractIndonesia is a country with the largest number of tempeh producers in the world. However, the practice of tempeh production by most entrepreneurs has not paid enough attention to environmental aspects. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used as a method to assess the environmental impact of tempeh labeled as hygienic, produced by Rumah Tempeh Indonesia (RTI) located in Bogor, West Java. The hygienic tempeh consists of two types, namely one made of local soybean (Tempeh Sehat) and the other made of imported soybean (Tempeh Kita). The extent of the environmental impact, in the form of GHG emissions and energy efficiency, throughout the life cycle of tempeh is calculated, analyzed and some improvement scenarios are proposed. The life cycle of tempeh is limited to soybean cultivation, raw material transportation and tempeh processing at RTI. The results show that Tempeh Sehat generates GHG emissions of 0.323 kg CO2-eq, while Tempeh Kita is 0.555 kg CO2-eq per kg of p...
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis manfaat ekonomis penerapan konsep produksi bersih berda... more Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis manfaat ekonomis penerapan konsep produksi bersih berdasarkan altematif terpilih untuk perbalkan proses pada industri karet remah yang dapal meningkatkan efisiensi dan mengurangi resiko pencemaran dan dapat diterapkan pada penyedia bahan baku (petani karet, KUD, dan pedagang pengumpul) dan pengolahan bokar menjadi karet remah (pabrik karet remah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan konsep produksi bersih pada industri karet remah berbasis karet rakyat yang diterapkan pada tahap penyediaan bahan baku dan pada tahap pengolahan bokar menjadi karet remah menghasilkan keuntungan ekonomis dengan (1) penghematan air sebanyak 18,5 m3110n karet kering; (2) penghematan energi senilai Rp. 7.91011on karet kering; (3) tidak diperlukan investasi untuk peralatan penghilangan bau (malodour); (4) dihindari terjadinya kerugian akibat proses penggantungan selama 14 hari senilai Rp. 70/kg bokar; dan (5) tahapan proses pengolahan bokar menjadi karet re...
The low biodegradable wastewaters remain a challenge in wastewater treatment technology. The perf... more The low biodegradable wastewaters remain a challenge in wastewater treatment technology. The performance of membrane bioreactor systems with submerged hollow fiber microand ultrafiltration membrane modules were examined for purifying recalcitrant wastewaters of leachate of a municipal solid waste open dumping site and effluent of pulp and paper mill. The use of MF and UF membrane bioreactor systems showed an efficient treatment for both types wastewaters with COD reduction of 80-90%. The membrane process achieved the desirable effects of maintaining reasonably high biomass concentration and long sludge retention time, while producing a colloid or particle free effluent. For pulp and paper mill effluent a specific sludge production of 0.11 kg MLSS/kg COD removed was achieved. A permeate flux of about 5 L/m2h could be achieved with the submerged microfiltration membrane. Experiments using ultrafiltration membrane produced relatively low permeate fluxes of 2 L/m2h. By applying periodic...
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