The present paper deals with addition of two new flowering plants records from different parts of... more The present paper deals with addition of two new flowering plants records from different parts of the Satpuda ranges of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra are new distributional records for the first time. These species are Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl. and Begonia picta Sm. are reported for the first time for Satpuda ranges of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra. The study provides a detailed taxonomic description, photographs and relevant information based on fresh collections.
Several Pakistani plants are known to be of potential therapeutic value and are used in tradition... more Several Pakistani plants are known to be of potential therapeutic value and are used in traditional herbal medicinal system of country. In this work, three of the most important routinely used medicinal plants (Justicia adhatoda, Achyranthus aspera and Olea ferruginea) are reported in literature and belong to Soon valley, are studied first time for their macro (K, Na, Mg) and micro (Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, Co and Fe) elemental composition by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In addition, some relevant aspects such as medicinal uses of some studied plants, diseases due to toxicity and deficiency of trace elements are also discussed.
Citrus is one of the most commonly used as a fruit in Pakistan. To estimate their elemental profi... more Citrus is one of the most commonly used as a fruit in Pakistan. To estimate their elemental profile citrus were collected from five different tehsils of Sargodha district. Elemental analysis was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. There results showed that citrus fruits have riched source of minerals and have highest concentrations of Cu (2.71 mg/Kg), Mn (0.1633 mg/Kg) and Zn (31.72 mg/Kg) noted in T1 (Silanwali), while the maximum concentrations of Mg (65.247 mg/Kg), Cr (0.343 mg/Kg), P (1.146 mg/Kg), Co (0.536 mg/Kg), K (133.01 mg/Kg) were found in T2 (Sahiwal), T4 (Kotmomin) and T5 (Bhehra), respectively. Fluctuation in elemental profile of Citrus reticulata may be attributed to spatial variations or may be due to agro-climatic conditions that varies in all tehsils.
The main reservoir in Huizhou sub-basin is Zhujiang Formation of early Miocene age. The petrophys... more The main reservoir in Huizhou sub-basin is Zhujiang Formation of early Miocene age. The petrophysical analysis shows that the Zhujiang Formation contains thin carbonate intervals, which have good hydrocarbon potential. However, the accurate interpretation of thin carbonate intervals is always challenging as conventional seismic interpretation techniques do not provide much success in such cases. In this study, well logs, three-layer forward amplitude versus offset (AVO) model and the wedge model are integrated to analyze the effect of tuning thickness on AVO responses. It is observed that zones having a thickness greater than or equal to 15 m can be delineated with seismic data having a dominant frequency of more than 45 Hz. The results are also successfully verified by analyzing AVO attributes, i.e., intercept and gradient. The study will be helpful to enhance the characterization of thin reservoir intervals and minimize the risk of exploration in the Huizhou sub-basin, China.
Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2020
For the management of germplasm and varietal characterization the understanding and estimation of... more For the management of germplasm and varietal characterization the understanding and estimation of genetic diversity plays a key role. In this study genetic diversity of thirty Pakistani Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties was determined by using thirteen SSR markers as these markers are highly polymorphic and efficient for comparative genome mapping. Total 48 band were produced by all thirteen markers; five markers were monomorphic and eight were polymorphic. Highest polymorphism was 68% that produced by NAU 2083 marker. To find the genetic relatedness between thirty studied varieties UPGMA was used for the construction of dendrogram. The similarity between studied thirty varieties ranged from 38.46% to 100%. Highest pic value was 0.6484 shown by NAU 2083 and the mean pic value was 0.2833 which predicted that very low genetic diversity is present among the cotton varieties under investigation.
Background: Otic barotrauma (OBT) is defined as traumatic inflammation in human middle ear that o... more Background: Otic barotrauma (OBT) is defined as traumatic inflammation in human middle ear that occurs at the time of avian drop. However, it can be avoided using its adequate knowledge. The objective of present study was to evaluate the knowledge of the trauma among air travelers in Sialkot city of Punjab, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study enlisted male adult International air travelers (n=50) from Sialkot city, Pakistan between November 2018 and April 2019 using purposive sampling technique. A specially developed questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = .82) having 12 close -ended items on barotrauma (total possible score 12) was administered to the participants at their home. Level of knowledge was categorized as inadequate (score 0-6), moderate (7-9) and adequate (10-12). Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to see the association between adequate knowledge on the OBT and sociodemographic variables using a P-value < .05 as statistically significant. Results: ...
The current study was conducted to assess the proximate composition of Chenopodium album collecte... more The current study was conducted to assess the proximate composition of Chenopodium album collectedfrom different tehsils i.e. Mianwali, Esakhel, Piplan, of district Mianwali. The highest moisture (84.22±0.86%) andash (29.96±2.12%) content was found in Chenopodium album collected from Piplan and Mianwali respectively. Themaximum crude fiber (14.61±1.83%) and ether extract (27.11±0.21%) was reported in Piplan. The maximum crudeprotein (0.87±0.036%) and carbohydrates (11.67±1.38%) was observed in Esakhel while variation in proximatecomposition of Chenopodium album collected from different localities may be attributed to environmental factor (soilcomposition, water, temperature, light etc.) or may be due to spatial variation.
Abstract DNA viruses contain DNA as their genetic material. DNA viruses infecting plants are clas... more Abstract DNA viruses contain DNA as their genetic material. DNA viruses infecting plants are classified into two groups according to the Baltimore classification of viruses: single-stranded (ssDNA) DNA viruses (e.g., Geminiviruses) and double-stranded DNA viruses (e.g., Caulimoviruses). There are fewer plant DNA viruses, but they cause a significant number of devastating diseases in numerous crops worldwide and severely reduce the crop yield. Plant DNA viruses are notably rare as compared with animal and bacterial DNA viruses. This chapter focuses on the biochemistry, replication and molecular genetics of plant DNA viruses. The ssDNA plant viruses are small, encode few proteins, and depend mainly on the host factor for their replication. Geminiviruses, a newly discovered group of plant viruses, have single-stranded circular DNA in their genome. The nucleocapsids are isometric units bonded together in pairs. Geminiviruses are among the smallest autonomously replicating viruses known so far. For this and other reasons, geminiviruses are of considerable fundamental interest in plant molecular genetics and plant pathology. The family Geminiviridae has been classified into nine genera (Begomovirus, Curtovirus, Capulavirus, Becurtovirus, Eragrovirus, Grablovirus, Topocuvirus, Mastrevirus, and Turncurtovirus) on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, genome organization (monopartitite or bipartite), vector transmission (whiteflies, treehoppers, aphids, or leafhoppers), and host range (monocots or dicots). Often, three types of circular ssDNA satellite complex (betasatellite, deltasatellite, and alphasatellite) have been associated with old-world monopartite begomoviruses. Betasatellite and deltasatellite are now classified in the genera Betasatellite and Deltasatellite in the subviral family Tolecusatellitidae. A new classification of alphasatellites in the family Alphasatellitidae is introduced. The Alphasatellitidae are further classified into the subfamilies Nanoalphasatellitinae (nanovirus-associated alphasatellites) and Geminialphasatellitinae (geminivirus-associated alphasatellites).
Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies, 2021
Purpose: This study intends to explore the positive impact of perceived Corporate Social Responsi... more Purpose: This study intends to explore the positive impact of perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on brand equity with respect to behaviors and emotions. The motive behind this study was to examine the sequential mediating role of emotion of brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior between perceived CSR and brand equity. Moderators of brand attitude and customer loyalty were also explored in this study. Design/Methodology/Approach: Quantitative research method has been adapted for this study. A questionnaire with 5-point likert scale was adopted from existing scholarly work to collect data from 364 customers of 5 food production companies placed in Pakistan. Collected data were analyzed with the help of SPSS and Smart PLS3 through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. Findings: Results show that brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior significantly mediate the relationship of perceived CSR and brand equity. Moreover, moderating role of brand attitu...
This research highlights the outcomes of the environmental diplomacy workshop held between member... more This research highlights the outcomes of the environmental diplomacy workshop held between members of civil society from Afghanistan and Pakistan on water cooperation in the Kabul River Basin, one of the most heavily conflicted transboundary river basins in the world. Lack of trust among these upstream and downstream riparian partners and persistent failures of Track 1 diplomacy initiatives has led to an absence of governance mechanisms for mitigating the water security concerns in the region. This research shows that science and public diplomacy, democratic participation, and social learning may pave a way to clear local misconceptions, improve transboundary water cooperation, and increase ecological stewardship in the Kabul River Basin.
The coronavirus also called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndro... more The coronavirus also called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-2) is notorious for its pandemic corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). By 20 April 2020 (11.44 GMT), the pandemicity has inflicted more than 2.42 million people in the world resulting in more than 165,903 deaths (case fatality rate = 14.6%). However, due credit goes to health care professionals for saving 635,761 lives i.e. 26.3% of the total affected population. On the other side, the economy of the countries has drastically been shattered in this scenario. According to an estimate, sole Pakistan will have to meet an economic loss of 1.3 trillion Pak rupees, provided the outbreak is controlled within short time span. Similarly, associated psychological disorders and social displeasure cannot be set aside.
The study investigates the moderation role of Organizational Life Cycle (OLC) stages on the relat... more The study investigates the moderation role of Organizational Life Cycle (OLC) stages on the relationship between leadership styles and employees' performance. The study remained restricted to four basic leadership styles, namely authoritative, democratic, transformational and transactional styles. The findings of the study are (1) OLC stages have no significant impact on the relationship between transformational style and performance employees and on the relationship between transactional style and performance of employees (2) OLC stages have a significant impact on the relationship between authoritative styles and performance employees and on the relationship between democratic leadership styles and performance of employees. Findings can be used in the hiring of new leadership by organizations and in the deciding priorities of leadership development as per the stages of OLC. It is expected that the findings of the study are generalizable due to the size of the sample and the ex...
This study makes the point that the 21st century is practicing non-kinetic warfare and nations vu... more This study makes the point that the 21st century is practicing non-kinetic warfare and nations vulnerable to it must overcome their weaknesses or be ready to get consumed. The world at large has witnessed a shift in the co-existence of relations among nations. Traditionally, an ally or the foe had a decisive place in the phenomenon of cooperation and competition, respectively. Realist tendencies and strategies to outcast the strengths of one’s enemy were straightforwardly applied. Military means including framing alliances were applied to squeeze the very possibility of response mechanism vested in the enemy’s defense lines. Contrary to this, those who fall in the vicinity of friendship orally, were to the best helped and taken along. This crafted the era of kineticism, where political affiliations with all its strengths and weaknesses were open and nations have clear manifestation to opt for the best side. This had been the case from First to Third Generations of warfare. Somehow, ...
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017
Tourism is a vital source of income generator for many regions and countries, and India is no exc... more Tourism is a vital source of income generator for many regions and countries, and India is no exception. In real sense, it directly affects not only the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of any national society but also on international relations. It brings in large amounts of income into a local economy in the form payment for goods and services needed by the tourists. It is a potent way of transferring capital from rich regions to poor ones, particularly in the era of liberalisation and globalisation. Further, it also creates opportunities for employment in the service sector of the economy associated with tourism. In recent years, India has gained good exponential growth in the Tourism Industry and Hazaribagh (Jharkhand) is one of the most preferred destinations of both domestic and overseas travellers. Jharkhand and markedly Hazaribagh, rich in natural and cultural heritage, have remained underdeveloped and unexplored area until now. Besides these, the area has potential to attract the tourists on the basis of rich art and craft along with some tribal festivals. The paper examines the development potential of tourism in Hazaribagh. It also explores as how development of tourism in Hazaribagh can pay off economically and socially deprived population, particularly the tribal people of the region.
Objectives: To know the association between reporting of Qisas and Diyat Laws and elements in med... more Objectives: To know the association between reporting of Qisas and Diyat Laws and elements in medicolegal certificates (MLCs)against injuries in children. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional. Setting: Two DHQ and 2 THQ level hospitals in Sialkot, Pakistan. Period: January-March 2015. Method: The MLCs (issued from 1st January through 31st December 2014) were segregated on the basis of history of the cases. All the certificates of each history were reviewed for the criminal law reporting. The inclusion criteria (i.e. at least one MLC with law reporting) meeting histories were included in the study. The MLCs on history of fight were kept in group A while that of other histories in B. The data was subjected to SPSS for analysis of the variables. Results: Incidence rate of law reporting was found as 50.4% in the pooled data. Only 160 (71.1%) or 54 (43.2%) cases of group A or B were certified according to the Qisas and Diyat Laws, respectively. On the average, higher reporting rat...
Objective: To compare hemodialysis (HD) internal jugular vein (IJV) versus subclavian vein (SCV) ... more Objective: To compare hemodialysis (HD) internal jugular vein (IJV) versus subclavian vein (SCV) catheters in terms of procedural complications, patients’ comfort, tolerance and cost effectiveness. Methods: Sixty six consecutive eligible adult patients planned for hemodialysis @ 3 sessions/ week for maximum 42 days in a private hospital at Sialkot, Pakistan were documented between March 2017 and April 2018. A group, IJV or SCV catheter was allotted to alternate subjects. The catheters were inserted as per practice guidelines. Record of catheter-related complications (CRCs) was computerized. Similarly, patients’ uncomfortability and expenditures on management of CRCs were recorded. Results: Of 66 cases, 62 (93.9%, 31/group) successfully completed the study. Baseline information showed male predominance (n = 47, 75.8%), age (M = 47, range 24-75 years) or catheter stay time (M = 40 days). The rate of vein damage or artery puncture was found higher in IJV than SCV group [(13.9 vs. 6.5%)...
This study compares the factors associated with variable interval to estrus and ovulation between... more This study compares the factors associated with variable interval to estrus and ovulation between early vs. late ovulating goats following PGF administration. The extent of ovulation time in Beetal goats (n = 38) was monitored through transrectal ultrasound at every 6 h following a single dose of PGF (experiment 1). Variation in estrus and ovulation times was further explored through the changes in follicular dynamics, endocrine profiles and behavior in another set of goats (n = 13) following single PGF given randomly during the luteal phase (experiment 2). The ovulation time varied between 60 to 96 h and 57% of ovulations occurred by 72 h following PGF (experiment 1). Accordingly, the goats (n = 13) in the second experiment were retrospectively divided either into early and/or late ovulating i.e., ≤ 72 and/or ≥ 84 h following PGF . The onset of estrus, peak estradiol-17β concentration and LH surge after PGF was first observed in early than late ovulating goats (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The goats ovulating early had larger follicle and smaller CL in diameter at the time of PGF administration than those ovulating late (5.4 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2 mm and 10 ± 0.6 vs. 11.8 ± 0.3 mm, respectively; P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Likewise, plasma progesterone concentration tended to be lower (P = 0.087) in early than late ovulating goats. In conclusion, the size of dominant follicle and CL at the time of PGF determines the interval to ovulation following a single dose of PGF during the luteal phase. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The present paper deals with addition of two new flowering plants records from different parts of... more The present paper deals with addition of two new flowering plants records from different parts of the Satpuda ranges of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra are new distributional records for the first time. These species are Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl. and Begonia picta Sm. are reported for the first time for Satpuda ranges of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra. The study provides a detailed taxonomic description, photographs and relevant information based on fresh collections.
Several Pakistani plants are known to be of potential therapeutic value and are used in tradition... more Several Pakistani plants are known to be of potential therapeutic value and are used in traditional herbal medicinal system of country. In this work, three of the most important routinely used medicinal plants (Justicia adhatoda, Achyranthus aspera and Olea ferruginea) are reported in literature and belong to Soon valley, are studied first time for their macro (K, Na, Mg) and micro (Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, Co and Fe) elemental composition by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In addition, some relevant aspects such as medicinal uses of some studied plants, diseases due to toxicity and deficiency of trace elements are also discussed.
Citrus is one of the most commonly used as a fruit in Pakistan. To estimate their elemental profi... more Citrus is one of the most commonly used as a fruit in Pakistan. To estimate their elemental profile citrus were collected from five different tehsils of Sargodha district. Elemental analysis was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. There results showed that citrus fruits have riched source of minerals and have highest concentrations of Cu (2.71 mg/Kg), Mn (0.1633 mg/Kg) and Zn (31.72 mg/Kg) noted in T1 (Silanwali), while the maximum concentrations of Mg (65.247 mg/Kg), Cr (0.343 mg/Kg), P (1.146 mg/Kg), Co (0.536 mg/Kg), K (133.01 mg/Kg) were found in T2 (Sahiwal), T4 (Kotmomin) and T5 (Bhehra), respectively. Fluctuation in elemental profile of Citrus reticulata may be attributed to spatial variations or may be due to agro-climatic conditions that varies in all tehsils.
The main reservoir in Huizhou sub-basin is Zhujiang Formation of early Miocene age. The petrophys... more The main reservoir in Huizhou sub-basin is Zhujiang Formation of early Miocene age. The petrophysical analysis shows that the Zhujiang Formation contains thin carbonate intervals, which have good hydrocarbon potential. However, the accurate interpretation of thin carbonate intervals is always challenging as conventional seismic interpretation techniques do not provide much success in such cases. In this study, well logs, three-layer forward amplitude versus offset (AVO) model and the wedge model are integrated to analyze the effect of tuning thickness on AVO responses. It is observed that zones having a thickness greater than or equal to 15 m can be delineated with seismic data having a dominant frequency of more than 45 Hz. The results are also successfully verified by analyzing AVO attributes, i.e., intercept and gradient. The study will be helpful to enhance the characterization of thin reservoir intervals and minimize the risk of exploration in the Huizhou sub-basin, China.
Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2020
For the management of germplasm and varietal characterization the understanding and estimation of... more For the management of germplasm and varietal characterization the understanding and estimation of genetic diversity plays a key role. In this study genetic diversity of thirty Pakistani Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties was determined by using thirteen SSR markers as these markers are highly polymorphic and efficient for comparative genome mapping. Total 48 band were produced by all thirteen markers; five markers were monomorphic and eight were polymorphic. Highest polymorphism was 68% that produced by NAU 2083 marker. To find the genetic relatedness between thirty studied varieties UPGMA was used for the construction of dendrogram. The similarity between studied thirty varieties ranged from 38.46% to 100%. Highest pic value was 0.6484 shown by NAU 2083 and the mean pic value was 0.2833 which predicted that very low genetic diversity is present among the cotton varieties under investigation.
Background: Otic barotrauma (OBT) is defined as traumatic inflammation in human middle ear that o... more Background: Otic barotrauma (OBT) is defined as traumatic inflammation in human middle ear that occurs at the time of avian drop. However, it can be avoided using its adequate knowledge. The objective of present study was to evaluate the knowledge of the trauma among air travelers in Sialkot city of Punjab, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study enlisted male adult International air travelers (n=50) from Sialkot city, Pakistan between November 2018 and April 2019 using purposive sampling technique. A specially developed questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = .82) having 12 close -ended items on barotrauma (total possible score 12) was administered to the participants at their home. Level of knowledge was categorized as inadequate (score 0-6), moderate (7-9) and adequate (10-12). Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to see the association between adequate knowledge on the OBT and sociodemographic variables using a P-value < .05 as statistically significant. Results: ...
The current study was conducted to assess the proximate composition of Chenopodium album collecte... more The current study was conducted to assess the proximate composition of Chenopodium album collectedfrom different tehsils i.e. Mianwali, Esakhel, Piplan, of district Mianwali. The highest moisture (84.22±0.86%) andash (29.96±2.12%) content was found in Chenopodium album collected from Piplan and Mianwali respectively. Themaximum crude fiber (14.61±1.83%) and ether extract (27.11±0.21%) was reported in Piplan. The maximum crudeprotein (0.87±0.036%) and carbohydrates (11.67±1.38%) was observed in Esakhel while variation in proximatecomposition of Chenopodium album collected from different localities may be attributed to environmental factor (soilcomposition, water, temperature, light etc.) or may be due to spatial variation.
Abstract DNA viruses contain DNA as their genetic material. DNA viruses infecting plants are clas... more Abstract DNA viruses contain DNA as their genetic material. DNA viruses infecting plants are classified into two groups according to the Baltimore classification of viruses: single-stranded (ssDNA) DNA viruses (e.g., Geminiviruses) and double-stranded DNA viruses (e.g., Caulimoviruses). There are fewer plant DNA viruses, but they cause a significant number of devastating diseases in numerous crops worldwide and severely reduce the crop yield. Plant DNA viruses are notably rare as compared with animal and bacterial DNA viruses. This chapter focuses on the biochemistry, replication and molecular genetics of plant DNA viruses. The ssDNA plant viruses are small, encode few proteins, and depend mainly on the host factor for their replication. Geminiviruses, a newly discovered group of plant viruses, have single-stranded circular DNA in their genome. The nucleocapsids are isometric units bonded together in pairs. Geminiviruses are among the smallest autonomously replicating viruses known so far. For this and other reasons, geminiviruses are of considerable fundamental interest in plant molecular genetics and plant pathology. The family Geminiviridae has been classified into nine genera (Begomovirus, Curtovirus, Capulavirus, Becurtovirus, Eragrovirus, Grablovirus, Topocuvirus, Mastrevirus, and Turncurtovirus) on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, genome organization (monopartitite or bipartite), vector transmission (whiteflies, treehoppers, aphids, or leafhoppers), and host range (monocots or dicots). Often, three types of circular ssDNA satellite complex (betasatellite, deltasatellite, and alphasatellite) have been associated with old-world monopartite begomoviruses. Betasatellite and deltasatellite are now classified in the genera Betasatellite and Deltasatellite in the subviral family Tolecusatellitidae. A new classification of alphasatellites in the family Alphasatellitidae is introduced. The Alphasatellitidae are further classified into the subfamilies Nanoalphasatellitinae (nanovirus-associated alphasatellites) and Geminialphasatellitinae (geminivirus-associated alphasatellites).
Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies, 2021
Purpose: This study intends to explore the positive impact of perceived Corporate Social Responsi... more Purpose: This study intends to explore the positive impact of perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on brand equity with respect to behaviors and emotions. The motive behind this study was to examine the sequential mediating role of emotion of brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior between perceived CSR and brand equity. Moderators of brand attitude and customer loyalty were also explored in this study. Design/Methodology/Approach: Quantitative research method has been adapted for this study. A questionnaire with 5-point likert scale was adopted from existing scholarly work to collect data from 364 customers of 5 food production companies placed in Pakistan. Collected data were analyzed with the help of SPSS and Smart PLS3 through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. Findings: Results show that brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior significantly mediate the relationship of perceived CSR and brand equity. Moreover, moderating role of brand attitu...
This research highlights the outcomes of the environmental diplomacy workshop held between member... more This research highlights the outcomes of the environmental diplomacy workshop held between members of civil society from Afghanistan and Pakistan on water cooperation in the Kabul River Basin, one of the most heavily conflicted transboundary river basins in the world. Lack of trust among these upstream and downstream riparian partners and persistent failures of Track 1 diplomacy initiatives has led to an absence of governance mechanisms for mitigating the water security concerns in the region. This research shows that science and public diplomacy, democratic participation, and social learning may pave a way to clear local misconceptions, improve transboundary water cooperation, and increase ecological stewardship in the Kabul River Basin.
The coronavirus also called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndro... more The coronavirus also called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-2) is notorious for its pandemic corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). By 20 April 2020 (11.44 GMT), the pandemicity has inflicted more than 2.42 million people in the world resulting in more than 165,903 deaths (case fatality rate = 14.6%). However, due credit goes to health care professionals for saving 635,761 lives i.e. 26.3% of the total affected population. On the other side, the economy of the countries has drastically been shattered in this scenario. According to an estimate, sole Pakistan will have to meet an economic loss of 1.3 trillion Pak rupees, provided the outbreak is controlled within short time span. Similarly, associated psychological disorders and social displeasure cannot be set aside.
The study investigates the moderation role of Organizational Life Cycle (OLC) stages on the relat... more The study investigates the moderation role of Organizational Life Cycle (OLC) stages on the relationship between leadership styles and employees' performance. The study remained restricted to four basic leadership styles, namely authoritative, democratic, transformational and transactional styles. The findings of the study are (1) OLC stages have no significant impact on the relationship between transformational style and performance employees and on the relationship between transactional style and performance of employees (2) OLC stages have a significant impact on the relationship between authoritative styles and performance employees and on the relationship between democratic leadership styles and performance of employees. Findings can be used in the hiring of new leadership by organizations and in the deciding priorities of leadership development as per the stages of OLC. It is expected that the findings of the study are generalizable due to the size of the sample and the ex...
This study makes the point that the 21st century is practicing non-kinetic warfare and nations vu... more This study makes the point that the 21st century is practicing non-kinetic warfare and nations vulnerable to it must overcome their weaknesses or be ready to get consumed. The world at large has witnessed a shift in the co-existence of relations among nations. Traditionally, an ally or the foe had a decisive place in the phenomenon of cooperation and competition, respectively. Realist tendencies and strategies to outcast the strengths of one’s enemy were straightforwardly applied. Military means including framing alliances were applied to squeeze the very possibility of response mechanism vested in the enemy’s defense lines. Contrary to this, those who fall in the vicinity of friendship orally, were to the best helped and taken along. This crafted the era of kineticism, where political affiliations with all its strengths and weaknesses were open and nations have clear manifestation to opt for the best side. This had been the case from First to Third Generations of warfare. Somehow, ...
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017
Tourism is a vital source of income generator for many regions and countries, and India is no exc... more Tourism is a vital source of income generator for many regions and countries, and India is no exception. In real sense, it directly affects not only the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of any national society but also on international relations. It brings in large amounts of income into a local economy in the form payment for goods and services needed by the tourists. It is a potent way of transferring capital from rich regions to poor ones, particularly in the era of liberalisation and globalisation. Further, it also creates opportunities for employment in the service sector of the economy associated with tourism. In recent years, India has gained good exponential growth in the Tourism Industry and Hazaribagh (Jharkhand) is one of the most preferred destinations of both domestic and overseas travellers. Jharkhand and markedly Hazaribagh, rich in natural and cultural heritage, have remained underdeveloped and unexplored area until now. Besides these, the area has potential to attract the tourists on the basis of rich art and craft along with some tribal festivals. The paper examines the development potential of tourism in Hazaribagh. It also explores as how development of tourism in Hazaribagh can pay off economically and socially deprived population, particularly the tribal people of the region.
Objectives: To know the association between reporting of Qisas and Diyat Laws and elements in med... more Objectives: To know the association between reporting of Qisas and Diyat Laws and elements in medicolegal certificates (MLCs)against injuries in children. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional. Setting: Two DHQ and 2 THQ level hospitals in Sialkot, Pakistan. Period: January-March 2015. Method: The MLCs (issued from 1st January through 31st December 2014) were segregated on the basis of history of the cases. All the certificates of each history were reviewed for the criminal law reporting. The inclusion criteria (i.e. at least one MLC with law reporting) meeting histories were included in the study. The MLCs on history of fight were kept in group A while that of other histories in B. The data was subjected to SPSS for analysis of the variables. Results: Incidence rate of law reporting was found as 50.4% in the pooled data. Only 160 (71.1%) or 54 (43.2%) cases of group A or B were certified according to the Qisas and Diyat Laws, respectively. On the average, higher reporting rat...
Objective: To compare hemodialysis (HD) internal jugular vein (IJV) versus subclavian vein (SCV) ... more Objective: To compare hemodialysis (HD) internal jugular vein (IJV) versus subclavian vein (SCV) catheters in terms of procedural complications, patients’ comfort, tolerance and cost effectiveness. Methods: Sixty six consecutive eligible adult patients planned for hemodialysis @ 3 sessions/ week for maximum 42 days in a private hospital at Sialkot, Pakistan were documented between March 2017 and April 2018. A group, IJV or SCV catheter was allotted to alternate subjects. The catheters were inserted as per practice guidelines. Record of catheter-related complications (CRCs) was computerized. Similarly, patients’ uncomfortability and expenditures on management of CRCs were recorded. Results: Of 66 cases, 62 (93.9%, 31/group) successfully completed the study. Baseline information showed male predominance (n = 47, 75.8%), age (M = 47, range 24-75 years) or catheter stay time (M = 40 days). The rate of vein damage or artery puncture was found higher in IJV than SCV group [(13.9 vs. 6.5%)...
This study compares the factors associated with variable interval to estrus and ovulation between... more This study compares the factors associated with variable interval to estrus and ovulation between early vs. late ovulating goats following PGF administration. The extent of ovulation time in Beetal goats (n = 38) was monitored through transrectal ultrasound at every 6 h following a single dose of PGF (experiment 1). Variation in estrus and ovulation times was further explored through the changes in follicular dynamics, endocrine profiles and behavior in another set of goats (n = 13) following single PGF given randomly during the luteal phase (experiment 2). The ovulation time varied between 60 to 96 h and 57% of ovulations occurred by 72 h following PGF (experiment 1). Accordingly, the goats (n = 13) in the second experiment were retrospectively divided either into early and/or late ovulating i.e., ≤ 72 and/or ≥ 84 h following PGF . The onset of estrus, peak estradiol-17β concentration and LH surge after PGF was first observed in early than late ovulating goats (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The goats ovulating early had larger follicle and smaller CL in diameter at the time of PGF administration than those ovulating late (5.4 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2 mm and 10 ± 0.6 vs. 11.8 ± 0.3 mm, respectively; P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Likewise, plasma progesterone concentration tended to be lower (P = 0.087) in early than late ovulating goats. In conclusion, the size of dominant follicle and CL at the time of PGF determines the interval to ovulation following a single dose of PGF during the luteal phase. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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