Rabie OULMI, Teacher and researcher in ancient history. at the University of Batna -1- (Algeria), Magister in Ancient History, option : History and Civilization of North Africa, University of Constantine. PHD of ancient history and North African prehistory, at the University of Batna -1-, researcher in the research laboratory "Algeria: history, culture and society (A H C S)". he participated in numerous research projects on the Carthaginian-Roman conflict in the western Mediterranean basin (4th century BC - 1st century AD).
This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatica... more This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatical-Catholic conflict in the ancient maghreb, which dates back to the persecution of christians by the emperor Dioclétianus during the period (303-305 A.D.), which led to the rebelling of many of them. The problem of devision nas strongly raised in the African church. The schism is dedicated to the influence of Caecilianus Bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after death of Mensurius, the African church found itself was divided between two Bishops and two parties : the Donatist church and the Catholic church. Saint-Augustine entered the arena of conflict since 392 A.D., at the head of his Bishop Hippo-Régius (Annaba currently), he presided over the Hippone complex in 393
This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatica... more This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatical-Catholic conflict in the ancient maghreb, which dates back to the persecution of christians by the emperor Dioclétianus during the period (303-305 A.D.), which led to the rebelling of many of them. The problem of devision nas strongly raised in the African church. The schism is dedicated to the influence of Caecilianus Bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after death of Mensurius, the African church found itself was divided between two Bishops and two parties : the Donatist church and the Catholic church. Saint-Augustine entered the arena of conflict since 392 A.D., at the head of his Bishop Hippo-Régius (Annaba currently), he presided over the Hippone complex in 393
The schism is consecrated in the African Church, after the ordination of "Caecilianus&am... more The schism is consecrated in the African Church, after the ordination of "Caecilianus", a rite was firmly consecrated to the bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after the death of "Mensurius", so this Church was divided between two bishops and two parties: the Donatist Church and the Catholic Church. The conflict between the two Churches has been characterized for a century by controversy and debate at times, violence and persecution at other times, and there was debate between them until St. Augustine entered the theological field in 392 A.D., at the head of the episcopate of Hypo-Regius (Annaba today), using all available means (messages, critical articles, satirical letters, religious synods, conviction and support for temporal authority). On the basis of these circumstances, which were experienced by the African Church, several questions arise in this study: What are the antecedents of the Donatist-Catholic conflict? Did Roman authority participate in this conflict ? How did the Donatist movement evolve from a local religious movement to a socio-political movement that opposed the Catholic Church and secular authority in North Africa? What was Augustine's role in the proscription and banning of Donatism in 411 A.D.? What was his method in dealing with the Donatists? What methods did he use that enabled him to achieve his goals? Key words: the schism, the Donatist church, the Catholic church, St. Augustine, Carthage conference.
Saint Augustine and the Donatist movement (Study of methods and objectives 392-411 A.D), 2021
The schism is consecrated in the African Church, after the ordination of "Caecilianus", a rite wa... more The schism is consecrated in the African Church, after the ordination of "Caecilianus", a rite was firmly consecrated to the bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after the death of "Mensurius", so this Church was divided between two bishops and two parties: the Donatist Church and the Catholic Church. The conflict between the two Churches has been characterized for a century by controversy and debate at times, violence and persecution at other times, and there was debate between them until St. Augustine entered the theological field in 392 A.D., at the head of the episcopate of Hypo-Regius (Annaba today), using all available means (messages, critical articles, satirical letters, religious synods, conviction and support for temporal authority). On the basis of these circumstances, which were experienced by the African Church, several questions arise in this study: What are the antecedents of the Donatist-Catholic conflict? Did Roman authority participate in this conflict ? How did the Donatist movement evolve from a local religious movement to a socio-political movement that opposed the Catholic Church and secular authority in North Africa? What was Augustine's role in the proscription and banning of Donatism in 411 A.D.? What was his method in dealing with the Donatists? What methods did he use that enabled him to achieve his goals?
This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatica... more This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatical-Catholic conflict in the ancient maghreb, which dates back to the persecution of christians by the emperor Dioclétianus during the period (303-305 A.D.), which led to the rebelling of many of them. The problem of devision nas strongly raised in the African church. The schism is dedicated to the influence of Caecilianus Bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after death of Mensurius, the African church found itself was divided between two Bishops and two parties : the Donatist church and the Catholic church. Saint-Augustine entered the arena of conflict since 392 A.D., at the head of his Bishop Hippo-Régius (Annaba currently), he presided over the Hippone complex in 393 A.D., which condemned the Donatists, and for more than a century, The Donatist Church stood in the face the Catholic church and the Roman temporel authority that supported it until the Carthage debate was help at the request of the emperor, who approved the principle of attending and forbidding the Donatism officially in 411 A.D.
actes du colloque international "Résistance des femmes en Afrique du nord de la période antique jusqu'au 19e siècle" organisé par le HCA en septembre 2019 dans la ville de Tébessa, 2021
Résumé :
Parmi les femmes qui ont marqué l’histoire, par leur bravoure et leur amour à leur patri... more Résumé : Parmi les femmes qui ont marqué l’histoire, par leur bravoure et leur amour à leur patrie, une femme qui s’appelait la « Kahéna », cette reine mythique qui a suscité beaucoup de questions. L’histoire de la Kahéna reste en vérité bien obscur, dû aux divergences profondes entre historiens et chercheurs, Bien que quelques documents l’ont nié, les sources arabes dont nous disposons ont affirmé son existence, tels que Ibn Abd-elhakam (m. 871), et el-baladhri (m. 892), et Ibn el-Athir (m. 1233), et Ibn Khaldoun (m. 1406) ce dernier considéré comme le principal auteur de l’histoire des Berbères. Fabuleuse épopée, de cette reine berbère qui s’opposa au VIIe siècle, à la conquête arabe en Afrique du Nord ! Kahina, qui signifie prêtresse, de son vrai nom Dihya ou Damya en tifinagh, qui signifie en berbère, la « Belle gazelle ». Reine guerrière berbère des Aurès qui s'opposa à l'expansion islamique en Afrique du Nord au VIIe siècle, et donna sa vie pour tenter de sauver l'indépendance de son pays. Quinze ans après la mort du Prophète Mahomet, les armées arabes conquérantes arrivaient aux portes de l'Afrique du Nord. Kahéna l’insoumise et son destin tragique ont inspiré nombre de romanciers. L’écrivain algérien Kateb Yacine (fig. 2) lui a dédié un poème-hommage dans son recueil « La guerre des deux mille ans », et nombre de romancières et essayistes féministes se sont approprié la figure de la Kahina pour sa charge symbolique, la décrivant comme l’une des premières féministes de l’Histoire. Huit siècles avant Jeanne d’Arc, cette chef berbère a dirigé des armées contre l’envahisseur. Une femme dans un monde d’hommes, une femme guerrière qui a tenu en échec les troupes arabes pendant plusieurs années. Ce qui nous a poussé à poser divers questions sur cette reine Berbère, femme guerrière. La « kahéna » était- elle une légende ou vérité ? Comment les sources arabes ont traité l’histoire de « kahéna »? Sa religion, et sa mort ? Pourquoi cette légende subsiste encore depuis le VIIè siècle jusqu’à nos jours ? Mots clés : Reine Kahéna, Afrique du Nord, femme guerrière, résistance, femme amazighe, sources arabes. Keywords: The Kahena Queen, North Africa, Women war leader, Woman’s Berbers, Arabs sources, Women fight.
The Berber presence in the Iberian Peninsula is constant throughout the periods of history, but t... more The Berber presence in the Iberian Peninsula is constant throughout the periods of history, but the massive entry of the Berbers did not occur until the 8th century AD, and this naturally affected the ancient territories: Betic and Cartagena, that is to say a set of lands more extensive than current Andalusia. The Berbers appear in Andalusia as a component of a heterogeneous society, which Islam has penetrated and slowly Arabized, which has led to the emergence of the so-called Hispano-Arab culture or the Arab-Andalusian culture. , of which we have neglected the role played by the Berbers. In recent years, many studies have appeared on Berber women in Andalusia, and many monographic studies have influenced this type of social and anthropological study. Among the studies highlighted, the work of Professor Manuela Marin entitled : Mujeres d´Al-Andalus (Women of Al-Andalus), CSIC, 2012 This approach raises major forms centered around hypotheses to which archeology will inevitably respond in the absence and the limits of Arab and foreign sources which dealt with the question of Berber women in Andalusia. What activities have Berber women carried out in the field of economy and culture ? What is the extent of the contribution of women to the imposition of Berber tangible and intangible heritage as one of the components of human heritage on the Iberian island? This study aims to highlight the distinguished role of Berber women and the tangible and intangible heritage they left during the period of the Islamic presence in Andalusia.
This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatica... more This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatical-Catholic conflict in the ancient maghreb, which dates back to the persecution of christians by the emperor Dioclétianus during the period (303-305 A.D.), which led to the rebelling of many of them. The problem of devision nas strongly raised in the African church. The schism is dedicated to the influence of Caecilianus Bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after death of Mensurius, the African church found itself was divided between two Bishops and two parties : the Donatist church and the Catholic church. Saint-Augustine entered the arena of conflict since 392 A.D., at the head of his Bishop Hippo-Régius (Annaba currently), he presided over the Hippone complex in 393
This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatica... more This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatical-Catholic conflict in the ancient maghreb, which dates back to the persecution of christians by the emperor Dioclétianus during the period (303-305 A.D.), which led to the rebelling of many of them. The problem of devision nas strongly raised in the African church. The schism is dedicated to the influence of Caecilianus Bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after death of Mensurius, the African church found itself was divided between two Bishops and two parties : the Donatist church and the Catholic church. Saint-Augustine entered the arena of conflict since 392 A.D., at the head of his Bishop Hippo-Régius (Annaba currently), he presided over the Hippone complex in 393
The schism is consecrated in the African Church, after the ordination of "Caecilianus&am... more The schism is consecrated in the African Church, after the ordination of "Caecilianus", a rite was firmly consecrated to the bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after the death of "Mensurius", so this Church was divided between two bishops and two parties: the Donatist Church and the Catholic Church. The conflict between the two Churches has been characterized for a century by controversy and debate at times, violence and persecution at other times, and there was debate between them until St. Augustine entered the theological field in 392 A.D., at the head of the episcopate of Hypo-Regius (Annaba today), using all available means (messages, critical articles, satirical letters, religious synods, conviction and support for temporal authority). On the basis of these circumstances, which were experienced by the African Church, several questions arise in this study: What are the antecedents of the Donatist-Catholic conflict? Did Roman authority participate in this conflict ? How did the Donatist movement evolve from a local religious movement to a socio-political movement that opposed the Catholic Church and secular authority in North Africa? What was Augustine's role in the proscription and banning of Donatism in 411 A.D.? What was his method in dealing with the Donatists? What methods did he use that enabled him to achieve his goals? Key words: the schism, the Donatist church, the Catholic church, St. Augustine, Carthage conference.
Saint Augustine and the Donatist movement (Study of methods and objectives 392-411 A.D), 2021
The schism is consecrated in the African Church, after the ordination of "Caecilianus", a rite wa... more The schism is consecrated in the African Church, after the ordination of "Caecilianus", a rite was firmly consecrated to the bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after the death of "Mensurius", so this Church was divided between two bishops and two parties: the Donatist Church and the Catholic Church. The conflict between the two Churches has been characterized for a century by controversy and debate at times, violence and persecution at other times, and there was debate between them until St. Augustine entered the theological field in 392 A.D., at the head of the episcopate of Hypo-Regius (Annaba today), using all available means (messages, critical articles, satirical letters, religious synods, conviction and support for temporal authority). On the basis of these circumstances, which were experienced by the African Church, several questions arise in this study: What are the antecedents of the Donatist-Catholic conflict? Did Roman authority participate in this conflict ? How did the Donatist movement evolve from a local religious movement to a socio-political movement that opposed the Catholic Church and secular authority in North Africa? What was Augustine's role in the proscription and banning of Donatism in 411 A.D.? What was his method in dealing with the Donatists? What methods did he use that enabled him to achieve his goals?
This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatica... more This study aims at highting the roots of the Donatical schism, and the background of the Donatical-Catholic conflict in the ancient maghreb, which dates back to the persecution of christians by the emperor Dioclétianus during the period (303-305 A.D.), which led to the rebelling of many of them. The problem of devision nas strongly raised in the African church. The schism is dedicated to the influence of Caecilianus Bishop of Carthage in 311 A.D., after death of Mensurius, the African church found itself was divided between two Bishops and two parties : the Donatist church and the Catholic church. Saint-Augustine entered the arena of conflict since 392 A.D., at the head of his Bishop Hippo-Régius (Annaba currently), he presided over the Hippone complex in 393 A.D., which condemned the Donatists, and for more than a century, The Donatist Church stood in the face the Catholic church and the Roman temporel authority that supported it until the Carthage debate was help at the request of the emperor, who approved the principle of attending and forbidding the Donatism officially in 411 A.D.
actes du colloque international "Résistance des femmes en Afrique du nord de la période antique jusqu'au 19e siècle" organisé par le HCA en septembre 2019 dans la ville de Tébessa, 2021
Résumé :
Parmi les femmes qui ont marqué l’histoire, par leur bravoure et leur amour à leur patri... more Résumé : Parmi les femmes qui ont marqué l’histoire, par leur bravoure et leur amour à leur patrie, une femme qui s’appelait la « Kahéna », cette reine mythique qui a suscité beaucoup de questions. L’histoire de la Kahéna reste en vérité bien obscur, dû aux divergences profondes entre historiens et chercheurs, Bien que quelques documents l’ont nié, les sources arabes dont nous disposons ont affirmé son existence, tels que Ibn Abd-elhakam (m. 871), et el-baladhri (m. 892), et Ibn el-Athir (m. 1233), et Ibn Khaldoun (m. 1406) ce dernier considéré comme le principal auteur de l’histoire des Berbères. Fabuleuse épopée, de cette reine berbère qui s’opposa au VIIe siècle, à la conquête arabe en Afrique du Nord ! Kahina, qui signifie prêtresse, de son vrai nom Dihya ou Damya en tifinagh, qui signifie en berbère, la « Belle gazelle ». Reine guerrière berbère des Aurès qui s'opposa à l'expansion islamique en Afrique du Nord au VIIe siècle, et donna sa vie pour tenter de sauver l'indépendance de son pays. Quinze ans après la mort du Prophète Mahomet, les armées arabes conquérantes arrivaient aux portes de l'Afrique du Nord. Kahéna l’insoumise et son destin tragique ont inspiré nombre de romanciers. L’écrivain algérien Kateb Yacine (fig. 2) lui a dédié un poème-hommage dans son recueil « La guerre des deux mille ans », et nombre de romancières et essayistes féministes se sont approprié la figure de la Kahina pour sa charge symbolique, la décrivant comme l’une des premières féministes de l’Histoire. Huit siècles avant Jeanne d’Arc, cette chef berbère a dirigé des armées contre l’envahisseur. Une femme dans un monde d’hommes, une femme guerrière qui a tenu en échec les troupes arabes pendant plusieurs années. Ce qui nous a poussé à poser divers questions sur cette reine Berbère, femme guerrière. La « kahéna » était- elle une légende ou vérité ? Comment les sources arabes ont traité l’histoire de « kahéna »? Sa religion, et sa mort ? Pourquoi cette légende subsiste encore depuis le VIIè siècle jusqu’à nos jours ? Mots clés : Reine Kahéna, Afrique du Nord, femme guerrière, résistance, femme amazighe, sources arabes. Keywords: The Kahena Queen, North Africa, Women war leader, Woman’s Berbers, Arabs sources, Women fight.
The Berber presence in the Iberian Peninsula is constant throughout the periods of history, but t... more The Berber presence in the Iberian Peninsula is constant throughout the periods of history, but the massive entry of the Berbers did not occur until the 8th century AD, and this naturally affected the ancient territories: Betic and Cartagena, that is to say a set of lands more extensive than current Andalusia. The Berbers appear in Andalusia as a component of a heterogeneous society, which Islam has penetrated and slowly Arabized, which has led to the emergence of the so-called Hispano-Arab culture or the Arab-Andalusian culture. , of which we have neglected the role played by the Berbers. In recent years, many studies have appeared on Berber women in Andalusia, and many monographic studies have influenced this type of social and anthropological study. Among the studies highlighted, the work of Professor Manuela Marin entitled : Mujeres d´Al-Andalus (Women of Al-Andalus), CSIC, 2012 This approach raises major forms centered around hypotheses to which archeology will inevitably respond in the absence and the limits of Arab and foreign sources which dealt with the question of Berber women in Andalusia. What activities have Berber women carried out in the field of economy and culture ? What is the extent of the contribution of women to the imposition of Berber tangible and intangible heritage as one of the components of human heritage on the Iberian island? This study aims to highlight the distinguished role of Berber women and the tangible and intangible heritage they left during the period of the Islamic presence in Andalusia.
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Parmi les femmes qui ont marqué l’histoire, par leur bravoure et leur amour à leur patrie, une femme qui s’appelait la « Kahéna », cette reine mythique qui a suscité beaucoup de questions. L’histoire de la Kahéna reste en vérité bien obscur, dû aux divergences profondes entre historiens et chercheurs, Bien que quelques documents l’ont nié, les sources arabes dont nous disposons ont affirmé son existence, tels que Ibn Abd-elhakam (m. 871), et el-baladhri (m. 892), et Ibn el-Athir (m. 1233), et Ibn Khaldoun (m. 1406) ce dernier considéré comme le principal auteur de l’histoire des Berbères.
Fabuleuse épopée, de cette reine berbère qui s’opposa au VIIe siècle, à la conquête arabe en Afrique du Nord ! Kahina, qui signifie prêtresse, de son vrai nom Dihya ou Damya en tifinagh, qui signifie en berbère, la « Belle gazelle ». Reine guerrière berbère des Aurès qui s'opposa à l'expansion islamique en Afrique du Nord au VIIe siècle, et donna sa vie pour tenter de sauver l'indépendance de son pays. Quinze ans après la mort du Prophète Mahomet, les armées arabes conquérantes arrivaient aux portes de l'Afrique du Nord.
Kahéna l’insoumise et son destin tragique ont inspiré nombre de romanciers. L’écrivain algérien Kateb Yacine (fig. 2) lui a dédié un poème-hommage dans son recueil « La guerre des deux mille ans », et nombre de romancières et essayistes féministes se sont approprié la figure de la Kahina pour sa charge symbolique, la décrivant comme l’une des premières féministes de l’Histoire.
Huit siècles avant Jeanne d’Arc, cette chef berbère a dirigé des armées contre l’envahisseur. Une femme dans un monde d’hommes, une femme guerrière qui a tenu en échec les troupes arabes pendant plusieurs années. Ce qui nous a poussé à poser divers questions sur cette reine Berbère, femme guerrière. La « kahéna » était- elle une légende ou vérité ? Comment les sources arabes ont traité l’histoire de « kahéna »? Sa religion, et sa mort ? Pourquoi cette légende subsiste encore depuis le VIIè siècle jusqu’à nos jours ?
Mots clés : Reine Kahéna, Afrique du Nord, femme guerrière, résistance, femme amazighe, sources arabes.
Keywords: The Kahena Queen, North Africa, Women war leader, Woman’s Berbers, Arabs sources, Women fight.
Parmi les femmes qui ont marqué l’histoire, par leur bravoure et leur amour à leur patrie, une femme qui s’appelait la « Kahéna », cette reine mythique qui a suscité beaucoup de questions. L’histoire de la Kahéna reste en vérité bien obscur, dû aux divergences profondes entre historiens et chercheurs, Bien que quelques documents l’ont nié, les sources arabes dont nous disposons ont affirmé son existence, tels que Ibn Abd-elhakam (m. 871), et el-baladhri (m. 892), et Ibn el-Athir (m. 1233), et Ibn Khaldoun (m. 1406) ce dernier considéré comme le principal auteur de l’histoire des Berbères.
Fabuleuse épopée, de cette reine berbère qui s’opposa au VIIe siècle, à la conquête arabe en Afrique du Nord ! Kahina, qui signifie prêtresse, de son vrai nom Dihya ou Damya en tifinagh, qui signifie en berbère, la « Belle gazelle ». Reine guerrière berbère des Aurès qui s'opposa à l'expansion islamique en Afrique du Nord au VIIe siècle, et donna sa vie pour tenter de sauver l'indépendance de son pays. Quinze ans après la mort du Prophète Mahomet, les armées arabes conquérantes arrivaient aux portes de l'Afrique du Nord.
Kahéna l’insoumise et son destin tragique ont inspiré nombre de romanciers. L’écrivain algérien Kateb Yacine (fig. 2) lui a dédié un poème-hommage dans son recueil « La guerre des deux mille ans », et nombre de romancières et essayistes féministes se sont approprié la figure de la Kahina pour sa charge symbolique, la décrivant comme l’une des premières féministes de l’Histoire.
Huit siècles avant Jeanne d’Arc, cette chef berbère a dirigé des armées contre l’envahisseur. Une femme dans un monde d’hommes, une femme guerrière qui a tenu en échec les troupes arabes pendant plusieurs années. Ce qui nous a poussé à poser divers questions sur cette reine Berbère, femme guerrière. La « kahéna » était- elle une légende ou vérité ? Comment les sources arabes ont traité l’histoire de « kahéna »? Sa religion, et sa mort ? Pourquoi cette légende subsiste encore depuis le VIIè siècle jusqu’à nos jours ?
Mots clés : Reine Kahéna, Afrique du Nord, femme guerrière, résistance, femme amazighe, sources arabes.
Keywords: The Kahena Queen, North Africa, Women war leader, Woman’s Berbers, Arabs sources, Women fight.