1855 West Cork Workhouses
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Sc... more 1855 West Cork Workhouses
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Schull and Skibbereen Workhouses, p. 11 Bandon, p. 11 Bantry, p. 15 Bantry Famine/Workhouse, Dr. Geraldine Powell, p. 21 Castletownbere, p. 23 Clonakilty, p. 26 Dunmanway and famine conditions p. 32 Kinsale, p. 41 Schull/Skull and famine conditions, p. 44
Based on a 1855 Parliamentary Return the paper explores some of those mentioned where information... more Based on a 1855 Parliamentary Return the paper explores some of those mentioned where information is available and also the prior famine local conditions
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Schull and Skibbereen Workhouses, p. 11 Bandon, p. 11 Bantry, p. 15 Bantry Famine/Workhouse, Dr. Geraldine Powell, p. 21 Castletownbere, p. 23 Clonakilty, p. 26 Dunmanway and famine conditions p. 32 Kinsale, p. 41 Schull/Skull and famine conditions, p. 44
1877 Cork subscribers to Dr. Croke Archbishop of Cashel for a Catholic Meeting for a Catholic University., 2024
The actual requisition to Dr. Croke Archbishop of Cashel for a Catholic Meeting for the Province... more The actual requisition to Dr. Croke Archbishop of Cashel for a Catholic Meeting for the Province of Munster and a Catholic University is more nuanced than the title of this paper.
This can be viewed as a once off part of a series if regular such subscriptions of those mostly but sometime including LIberal Protestant seeking equality of treatment, It can also be viewed as a other in a series of small incremental signs of a latent feeling of inferior treatment by the dominant class and living in a de facto colony. The ember were to explode in 1916 and culminated in the Treaty after the conclusion of the Anglo Irish War. So the greatest part of the island secured what was to become full independence.
No surprise that it featured on page one Thomas Crosbie, whose family controlled the Cork Examiner is listed. The newspaper from foundation was strongly nationalistic.
The subscription list in itself is somewhat ironic being addressed to Dr. Croke the Co. Cork born Archbishop of Casel, a staunch nationalist. HIs mother Isabella Plummer a Protestant. It is probably that quite a number signing would have Protestant ancestry. Likewise quite a number of Irish Protestant could have Gaelic or Norman ancestry. The wealthier conforming because of the Penal Laws to retain land ownership or remain in the legal profession. Most often religion change occured on intermarriage. Archbishop Croke, p.2
Requisition to Dr. Croke, p. 4
Breakdown of some of those listed, p. 6
Thomas Crosbie, whose family controlled the Cork Examiner, p. 7
West Cork Listings, p. 10
Cork Magistrates Listed, p. 24
Lawyer listings, p. 28
Doctor listings, p. 30
1762 The Catholics of Cork Come out of the shadows, p. 32
Inspired by the magnificent new book, Irish Food History, edited by Máirtín Mac Conl Iomaire and ... more Inspired by the magnificent new book, Irish Food History, edited by Máirtín Mac Conl Iomaire and Dorothy Cashman from a few snippets I had.
Memoirs of James Stanley Vickery, 1830s, written c 1889 Australia, Vickery Household, Mollogh, Parish of Durrus, p. 1
William Warner Vickery and Wlizabeth Wofle from Bantry to Evansville, Indiana memoir Rooska, Reendonegan 1840s Bantry, p. 2
Mary Isabella Kingston, NT, Corraun National School. Myross, Recipes 1914., p. 3
Memoirs of Ignatious O’Brien, Lord Shandon, Lord Chancellor of Ireland re food in Cork, p. 6
It is remarkable in Ireland that is the Republic that there is very little awareness of the legal... more It is remarkable in Ireland that is the Republic that there is very little awareness of the legal system that the District Courts replaced in 1922. This is the case even among legal academics. These were the courts used by the vast bulk of the population. The Petty Sessions handled the bulk of lesser legal cases, both criminal and civil. They were presided over by Justices of the Peace, who were unpaid and often without any formal legal training. The position did not have a wage, so the role was usually taken by those with their own income – in practice usually prominent landowners or gentlemen. Justice was pronounced summarily at these courts, in other words, without a jury. Cases of a more serious nature, which did require a jury, were held at the Quarter Sessions, which, as the name suggests were held four times a year. The most serious cases, those like murder or treason that carried the death penalty, were presided over by at least one legally trained judge at assizes held twice a year in circuit. The jury courts used a system known as a commission of Oyer and Terminer, a Norman French phrase meaning To See and To Judge. There were two juries, a Grand Jury who assessed the strength of the prosecution evidence, and the trial jury, who would hear the case if the Grand Jury had decided the case was strong enough to go forward to trial. At the lower levels though, justice was summary and swift. The Petty Sessions, which sat daily, weekly or monthly, depending on the volume of cases, often saw controversial judgements. Every court had a clerk, whose job it was to record the details of each case in a register. It is those registers you are looking at in these records. The clerks also collected any fees from those involved in the cases. The Petty Sessions were formally established with legislation in 1827, although they had been in operation for centuries before that. By 1851, amid growing concerns about the fairness of some of the justices of the peace, the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act sought to tighten up the rules. JPs were gradually replaced by trained and paid magistrates as the 19th century went on. Covering both civil and criminal cases, the Petty Sessions’ brief was wide. Cases ranged from merchants who had not paid duty on their goods, to workers suing for unpaid wages. Farmers were fined for letting their cattle wander or for allowing their cart to be driven without their name painted on the side. Debts were collected and disputes settled. Public drunkenness was a common offence, as was assault and general rowdiness. Political feelings were often volatile and there are frequent cases all over the country of people charged with putting up seditious posters or leaflets.
1836 Arms Licences West Cork Cork and Associated Gunnery, 2024
Introduction, p.2
1836 Arms Licences West Cork religion of holders, p. 3
Breakdown of weaponry,... more Introduction, p.2
1836 Arms Licences West Cork religion of holders, p. 3
Breakdown of weaponry, p. 4
Listing and background to some of those holding licences, p. 5-53
1798 Pistol Robbery, p. 57
The Lost World of the Flemings of Oldcourt, Reenmurragha, Skibbereen, West Cork, Where, ‘All The Famous Horsemen Met..With Their Fowling Pieces..The Gentry of Rosscarbery Met.. Song in Lionel Fleming’s Book, Head or Harp., p. 53
Gunmakers List Cork, p. 53
1823 Orangemen march to Methodist Church armed with pistol swords, p. 54
Pistols in Skibbereen tithe war?, p. 56
Magistrates grants of licences to keep arms in Bandon 1832, p. 57
Pistols in Skibbereen, p. 57
RIC Ballineen 1840, 1840 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Carter Hall, p. 58
1848 Vickery Gun Certificate to hold arms in Dwelling House, p. 58 1859. Military Enquiry into Activities of Co. Antrim Militia into Alleged Orange Riots Pre 12th July at Kinsale Co. Cork. 1,077 Panes of Glass Broken, Houses of 20 Protestants and 700 Catholics Attacked, 100 Militia Men Brandishing Bayonets, p. 59 Memoir of Sam Bird, b 1871- Bandon re hunting, p. 60 This is largely the area covered by the various Baronies of West Cork including small areas of the Baronies of Muskerry being part of the hinterland of Bandon and Macroom. Really the area west of the river Bandon including Innishannon bounded by the sea and the high ground in the Baronies Muskerry and with the Sheehy Mountains as going over Cousane Gap.
This is a rough estimate in relation to the religious breakdown. Re surnames here are in fact quite a number of Protestants with Gaelic surnames in the greater Bandon are like Sullivan/O’Sullivan, Cotter and like Daly/Dealy, Murphy in Bantry, Daly in Dunmanway. The odd time there will be a Catholic with a Planter surname. Since the Bandon plantations post 1590s West ~cork had a significant Protestant population. However by 1836 the collapse of the textile industry and the outworking system where the Bandon clothiers outsourced the weaving of cloth to smallholders disproportionately affected poor Protestae. Widespread emigration to Canada, England and America commenced. Bandon weavers were begging as far west as Goleen. Without doing a detaisle parish analysis of the 1831 census it is not possible to say what the protest population was, perhaps 15%.
The arms distribution could be looked at a a sign of Protestant insecurity post plantation. There were frequent uprisings, tithe wars and the worst fears were realised by the IRA murders of Protestants in the Bandon Valley in April 1922.
It is worth looking at the militarisation of the area. Post 1650 at different stages there were English/British military barracks at Bandon, Bantry, Castletownbere, Clonakilty, Dunmanway, Durrus, Kinsale, Innishannon, Rosscarbery, Skibbereen. After the attempted French landing in Bantry Bay in 1796 the area was flooded with British Regiments and Irish regiments and militia.
For areas near barracks which had Church of Ireland registers which survive, they record many marriages between young soldiers and local women, many of whom have Gaelic surnames. It is not clear whether they were Protestant or the marriages were performed in Protestant churches as the validity of Catholic marriages was at best questionable under the Penal Laws. It also means that from the 17th century there was a significant infusion of Irish blood into the English working class.
Currently as far as I know the only military installation in West Cork is the firing range used by the Irish Defence forces on Bere Island. 1840 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Carter Hall toured Ireland and visited the then new Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) barracks at Ballineen (Ballyneen). There is a graphic description of the weapons being polished by the young RIC men in their sleeping quarters. Ireadln was heavily policed by a paramilitary force. Over 90,000 Irish men served in the RIC, the majority Catholics but the officers were mainly Protestant. The number service in small villages and towns was staggering but of course they ew-were the eyes and ears of Dublin Castle as evidenced by the monthly District Inspectors reports which can be viewed in the British ... read on
1844 Shoal of 100-170 Whales at Bantry. Whaling West Cork, 2024
1844 Shoal of Whales at Bantry, p.2
John Hamilton White, p. 3
Thomas Eccles, p. 3
Dr. Armstron... more 1844 Shoal of Whales at Bantry, p.2
John Hamilton White, p. 3
Thomas Eccles, p. 3
Dr. Armstrong. 3
1845, John Coughlan of Crookhaven, West Cork Owner of Whaler ‘The Wild Irish Girl’ Rescues Schooner British America (Canada) ‘Exile’, p.4
C 1850 Bantry Businessman John O’Connell owner whaler, p. 4
1851 Many Whale Boats Belong to Crookhaven, p. 5 1861 The Pioneer of Richmond, USA, and Cargo, Cork Admiralty Court. Two whale boats belonging to Mr. Notter, of Crookhaven, p. 6
1862 Whale Landed on Dunmanus Bay near the Residence of James O'Callaghan, J.P. , p. 6
1864. For Sale A First Class Whaleboat, Apply H. Justice, Ballydehob, West Cork., p. 6 1891 Isaac Notter, Crookhaven, will, probate 1891. Whaleboat, p. 6 Newspaper Accounts whaleboats Crookhaven, p. 8
The first two weddings are described in Dr. Rachel Finnegan’s ‘The Memoirs and Diaries of Judith... more The first two weddings are described in Dr. Rachel Finnegan’s ‘The Memoirs and Diaries of Judith Isobel Chavesse. She goes into considerable details and here the full newspaper descriptions of those attending and the presents are listed. The 1893 weddings might be described as Protestant Gentry. The Local gentry had been on a downward spiral from the early 19th century but in 1893 they would have thought it inconceivable that their world would have largely vanished by 1922 excepting the enclave in Castletownshend. The 1910 is a Catholic wedding, again a very detailed listing of those in attendance and the presents. Despite the immense deprivation of many in the general district from the early 19ht century there was a thriving Catholic and Protestant middle class of professionals and merchants and this accelerated post 1922 particularly for Catholics. 1893, 1910 Skibbereen Weddings, Guests, Presents.
Hilderard Augusta Somerville, Castletownshend, to Egerton B. Coghill, p. 4 . Presents, p. 8
1893 Henrietta Reeves Fleming, Newcourt, Skibbereen, the Rev. Haythornthwaite, p.14
Brides presents, p. 20
Bridegrooms presents, 27
A Pretty Wedding Jennings/Hayes, Skibbereen, 1910. Presents and Donors Listed, p.27
A collection of newspaper accounts of funerals obituaries dan associated matters. If you have di... more A collection of newspaper accounts of funerals obituaries dan associated matters. If you have difficulty accessing link email me at pat25a@gmail.com and I will send pdf
A listing of funerals especially in the late 19th and early 20th century. Some of the reports ... more A listing of funerals especially in the late 19th and early 20th century. Some of the reports go into remarkable detail of those attending, with townlands and other addresses given, often their relation to the deceased. Often the description of telegrams from abroad gives clues to family and neighbors who had emigrated. As more and more funerals were added the pagination is not in sequence but an attempt is made to do it chronologically.
1835 Petty Session Courts, West Cork Returns, 2024
This had been abstracted from the Irish annual return. In between details of the court returns is... more This had been abstracted from the Irish annual return. In between details of the court returns is a sampling of some of the local Magistrates who sat. Since the mid 17th century the Magistrates of West Cork were overwhelmingly Protestant bar a bried period around 1680 and the first Catholic to be appointed was
Daniel O'Sullivan, Cameatringen, Berehaven, Co. Cork, 1814, Died On Passage from Bristol Where he Had Been for the Recovery of His Health, D. O'Sullivan, Cameatringen, Berehaven, Co. Cork, First Catholic Appointed Magistrate since Reign of Queen Anne, Captain of Berehaven Loyal Infantry, Descended From One of The Princely Branches of O'Sullivan Beare. O'Sullivan, Daniel (1758/61?–1814), middleman and magistrate, was second son of Daniel O'Sullivan and his wife Honora, daughter of Morgan O'Connell (1739–1809) of Carhen, Cahirciveen, Co. Kerry, and therefore first cousin to Daniel O'Connell (qv). On his father's side he was grandnephew to Morty (Murtagh) Óg O'Sullivan, a smuggler shot at Eyries, Co. Kerry, while resisting arrest for homicide in 1754. The family resided in Caretringane House, Castletownbere, Co. Kerry, and leased a sizeable property in the Coulagh area on the Eyre estate. Their uncle's fate did not deter the family from the smuggling tradition, though the French traveller Coquebert de Montbret commented on the social pretensions of the family in 1791. Following the death (c.1796) of his elder brother, John, Daniel was vested with administration of the estate until his nephew, Morty O'Sullivan (d. 1825), should come of age. In December 1796, when French vessels belonging to the expeditionary force under Gen. Lazare Hoche (1766–97) were observed anchored off Bere Island, O'Sullivan with great alacrity initiated a state of emergency in the district, ordering his tenants to drive cattle inland and to conceal provisions in the event of a French landing. Having posted a large number of tenants to watch the coast for the next eleven days, he took prisoner the crew of a French longboat reconnoitring the beaches and rushed them for interrogation to the nearest British garrison in Bantry. O'Sullivan was applauded for his loyalty, made captain of the Berehaven loyal infantry corps of yeomanry, and presented with the freedom of Cork city – the first catholic to receive the honour since the early 1700s. Recommended to the commission of the peace by the county governors, he was the first catholic to be made a magistrate in Co. Cork since the early 1700s.
In recognition of his part at the time of the attempted French Invasion at Bantry Bay in 1796.
The Magistrates were drawn from the ranks of the Landlords or their agents. Many had a well deserved reputation of being sectarian and partisan so slowly the British administration introduced Resident Magistrates initial former RIC inspectors to retired British army officers. Edith Somervill ‘The Irish RM probably accurately depicts the. None of the Magistrates had any legal training, a situation that still pertains in England. The situation improved towards the end of the 19th century as many of th RM were either barristers or solicitors.
This was part of the radical overhaul of the Irish Justice system post Independence ebay the Free State Government.
They abolished the Magistrates who still sit in Northern Ireland, This was praised by the former Lord Chancellor Ignatious O’Brien, (Baron Shandon 1857-1930).
When the lord chancellor, Redmond John Barry, retired in 1913 O'Brien was appointed to the vacant post. While he was a hard worker he was neither diplomatic nor forceful enough to be truly effective, and was notorious for his long-winded and self-important judgments. His judicial philosophy favoured sweeping aside precedent and technicalities in favour of substantive justice as he saw it; hence he was on good terms with Peter O'Brien (qv), though he disapproved of his politics, and at odds with Christopher Palles (qv), though he acknowledged Palles's eminence as a jurist. He greatly enjoyed the social side of his office and the ceremonies and amusements of the viceregal court.
O'Brien was nearly ousted as lord chancellor in 1915 in favour of James Campbell (qv) by the first coalition government – his removal was also sought by T. M. Healy and William O'Brien (qv) (1852–1928) – but was retained after a public outcry orchestrated by the Redmondites, which threatened to affect American public opinion.
He expressed guarded optimism for the future of the Irish Free State, and admired the government of W. T. Cosgrave (qv), praising such decisions as the replacement of JPs by paid district justices and the creation of an unarmed police force. He emerges from its pages as a sensitive and somewhat neurotic meritocrat, haunted at the sufferings inflicted
Introduction
This commenced with a request to assist in giving background on the Love family of ... more Introduction
This commenced with a request to assist in giving background on the Love family of West Cork in particular ‘The addresses listed for the Loves are Donegal, Goleen & Enaghhouchter Schull. It developed into something more significant trying to portray the lot of the poorer Protestant in the Mizen Durrus area in the late 18th and early 19th century. White the focus is on the Mizen area and other Co. Cork Loves fear=ture. The anime does not appear on banners History of Bandon and his listing of the post 1590s planters. However there are memorials of a Love family in Bandon mud 17th century who appear reasonably prosperous. Also a sampling of marriage records for the Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts involving Love family members from the mid 19th century to the late 19th century shows the interaction with other families. Introduction, p. 2
Travellers, Visitors, p. 6
Love Wills Cork, p. 11
Local Protestant Population, p. 8
Marriage Records Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts, p. 8
C 1830 Tithe Applotments. Townlands on Mizen measured in Gneeves, p. 12
Updated Clothiers, Flax, Linen, Textiles, Weaving, West Cork, Bandon, p. 13
Valuation Office Records Mizen, p.13
Huguenot Marriages, p. 14
Schull Burials, p. 14
Emigration from West Cork, Rochester, NY, The Croston's of Bradford and Haverhill Massachusetts, p. 16
Funerals St. Luke and St. Simon Cyrene Episcopal Church, Rochester, p. 16
Marriage Licence Bonds, probably mostly not West Cork, p. 16
Marriages, p. 18
Marriages, Schull, p. 18
One Catholic marriage to McCarthy, p. 18
Skibbereen from 1852, p. 24
Selected Deaths Schull District, p. 25
Bantry, p. 28
Selected Deaths Schull District 1882-1899, p. 25
Royal Irish Constabulary, p. 30
1893 Anti Home Rule Meeting, Skibbereen, p. 31
1897 Juror, p. 32 Royal Navy service: Also mention of Captain Love who landed in Crookhaven in 1601, p. 33
Bandon Memorials, p. 34
Newspaper Extracts, p. 35
Appendix 1, Love Sullivan/O'Sullivan Descendants, p. 43-60
1843 Meeting in Bandon of West Cork Magistrates Fear of Rebellion. Alexander (Sandy Tim) O'Driscoll. ??-1849, 2024
What started as a mere report on a Magistrates meeting turned out to be something far more substa... more What started as a mere report on a Magistrates meeting turned out to be something far more substantial. The Cork Examiner reported lampooned Alexander O’Driscoll for instigating the meeting citing his own troubles., Actually the loyal magistrates of West Cork had in effect been reeling from a catalogue of misfortune from the easing of the Penal Laws mid 18th century, entry of Catholics to the Legal profession 1790s, the attempted rising 1798, by about 1820 in Cork City at least by concentrating on business the Catholics had far surpassed to cities Protestants, Catholic Emancipation. Daniel O’Connell repeal is dealt with later. The Magistrates' travails were to continue until independence of the larger part of the Island of Ireland in 1922. In His memoirs Lord shandon (Ignatious O’Briedn) was Lord Chancellor was scathing in his comments., His observations on the early action of the Irish Free State are reproduced later.
However every time Alexandr O’Driscoll appears in a newspaper report it throws light not only on his own venality but on the atrocious condition endured by the majority of the population, In a mixed religious area there were also many poor Protestants.
Magistrates and others attending Famine Relief Meeting. Dunmanway. 1846, 2024
This is a snapshot of those wielding influence in West Cork in the famine period.
Those listed ar... more This is a snapshot of those wielding influence in West Cork in the famine period. Those listed are described as noblemen and gentlemen. Not strictly accurate even here. One benefit of independence is there are no more meetings of noblemen and gentlemen. Of those 72 listed, around 37 are landlords or their land agent, Payne in Bantry for the White Estate, Swanston in Bandon for the Devonshire estate.some with enormous holding, some like Bantry businessman John O’Connell comparatively small holdings. From the early 19th century falling rents and arrears of rent payments by middlemen further strained the finances of the estate. On some estates management and legal expenses were reckoned at 30% of gross rental.
A certain amount of fractiousness was observed in 1822 ‘the magistrates in the south can scarcely ever be prevailed upon to act together from their entertaining so many petty jealousies and animosities towards each other’
Then succeeding decades would not be kind to Landlords. The encumbered estates court, landed estates court in effect enabling lands heaving mortgaged to the dry cleaned and clear title given to the purchaser. The Land Wars of the 1880s destroyed any landlords and tenant relationships that may have existed.
Re the transfer of Land, the Irish Land commission transferred nearly 14.5 million acres from the Landed Estates to the tenant almost 70% of the landmass of the Island of Ireland.
By my reckoning this was probably the largest voluntary land transfer in world history. It was motivated by the concept of killing Home Rule by Kindness.
From around 1895 if the Estate was willing to sell the Land Commission offered market value with a premium of 25% for selling on a voluntary basis. By that time most estates were distressed and they were only too willing to sell.
They had to produce legal title to the satisfaction of the Land Commission Law Officer. As a consequence there are 12.5 million documents stored in a warehouse in Portlaoise. Many of these are certified copies of records the originals of which were destroyed in the Public Records Office in 1922.
Religion In terms of the religions make up there are 9 Church of Ireland clergyman some of whom are magistrates. Many of the senior Church of Ireladn clergy enjoyed a bountiful element of opulence, one of those listed her Rev. Mountyford/Mountifort Longfield, Castigated by Daniel O’Connell for abusing a sinecure in Kerry (Kilcrohane, £400 per annum) drawing a clerical salary of £960 for administering to 80 church attending Protestant paid by the tithes of 6,008 Catholics in the Parish. These clerics often subcontracted their duties to ill paid curates who often supplemented their income by preparing boys for college of various British military occupations.
National Religious Breakdown of Magistrates:
Palmer, though his work is primarily focused on the police and police magistrates, lists just 285 Catholic Magistrates in the mid-1830s, leaving some 2,085 Protestant Justices, eighty-nine per cent of the total number of individuals in the Commission of the Peace. This uneven religious distribution was further investigated in an 1835 commission investigating the number of Magistrate clergy the results of which showed some 177 Protestant clergy Magistrates and no Catholic clergy.
There are 7 Catholic clergy listed, 4 parish Priests and 4 curates. It is unlikely prior to 1835 that such a public meeting would have such a representation. However the Catholic clergy were to the fore in West Cork in using their organisation skill to have the hated tithes .....
1851 Proposed West Cork Packet Stations General Background., 2024
Introduction, p.1
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Gr... more Introduction, p.1
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Griffiths report to Parliament 1828, p.3 An earlier account 1819 of the Mizen peninsula, Eliza (Dizzie) Townsend (Mrs. Lionel Fleming), p.4 Rev. Caesar Otway 1831, p.5
Projected Bandon to Bantry Railway 1845, p.6
Appeal to Sir Robert Peel to make Bantry a packet station, p.7
Courthouse meeting Dunmanway re projected railway, p.9
Report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations background, p.10
Extracts re West Cork report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations, p.12
Thomas Hungerford, Inspector Coastguards, family background, p.29
Emigration from Cork 1847-1850, p.34
Anthony Marmion author The Ancient and Modern History of the Maratime Ports of Ireland, p. 35
Crookhaven, p.36
Berehaven, p.41
Dunbeacon/Dunmanus, p.51
Viscount Bernard/Lord Bandon, p.55
1847 Report a memorial presented to the Lords of the Admiralty with regard to the Harbours and Lighthouses of Co. Cork, p.59
1863. Julius Reuter and William Siemens and the South-Western of Ireland Telegraph Company, Linking Cork to Crookhaven by Telegraph and British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, Cork to Cape Clear, p.59
The start of the Communication Revolution, Picture of ‘The Atlantic Telegraph Cable Fleet’ at Berehaven, Bantry Bay, 28th July 1866, held at Cable and Wireless Archive, p.59
Bere Island British Naval Base, p.61
Introduction
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over short channels. Here, in the 1851 report, however, what is contemplated is what port on the west coast of Ireland would be suitable for vessels going or coming to America.
The introduction of steam engines changed everything and competition with the Americans also. The level of technical detail considered in making their choice is fascinating. Then 8 years later they laid the first transatlantic cable for communication across the Atlantic from Valentia. That put the packet station to bed.
In terms of the earlier background you have a paradox, from the late 17th century West Cork was just off some of the main shipping lines in the world. At the same time transport links even to Cork were limited. By the end of the 18th century reasonable roads connected the main towns to Cork some had been built as turnpikes, an early version of tolled .... Click here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FLpxJZX0PnDg1V5F-H2WgxlyseAUS5QfrDZqrhJ7CpM/edit
1851 Proposed West Cork Packet Stations General Background., 2024
Introduction
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over s... more Introduction
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over short channels. Here, in the 1851 report, however, what is contemplated is what port on the west coast of Ireland would be suitable for vessels going or coming to America.
The introduction of steam engines changed everything and competition with the Americans also. The level of technical detail considered in making their choice is fascinating. Then 8 years later they laid the first transatlantic cable for communication across the Atlantic from Valentia. That put the packet station to bed.
In terms of the earlier background you have a paradox, from the late 17th century West Cork was just off some of the main shipping lines in the world. At the same time transport links even to Cork were limited. By the end of the 18th century reasonable roads connected the main towns to Cork some had been built as turnpikes, an early version of tolled motorways. However on the peninsulas until Sir Richard Griffith completed the road from Skibbereeen to CXrookhaven c 1828 wheeled carts were unknown. Roads on the Muintervara peninsula were in a poor enough condition until the late 1840s. On the Beara Peninsula as late as the 1980s the local TD Paddy Sheehan christened the road from Glengarriff to Castletownbere ‘Burma Trail;’ huge improvements have been made but there's still about 15 km of very poor road.
What commenced as a look at the Parliamentary Report into packet stations broadened out to reflect technological changes and the strategic importance of this isolated one one sense part of Europe while simultaneously being very much to the fore in advanced technology.
1851 Proposed West Cork Packet Stations General Background. The file is too large for Academicia so if you click the link you will access the Google Document:
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Griffiths report to Parliament 1828, p.3 An earlier account 1819 of the Mizen peninsula, Eliza (Dizzie) Townsend (Mrs. Lionel Fleming), p.4 Rev. Caesar Otway 1831, p.5
Projected Bandon to Bantry Railway 1845, p.6
Appeal to Sir Robert Peel to make Bantry a packet station, p.7
Courthouse meeting Dunmanway re projected railway, p.9
Report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations background, p.10
Extracts re West Cork report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations, p.12
Thomas Hungerford, Inspector Coastguards, family background, p.29
Emigration from Cork 1847-1850, p.34
Anthony Marmion author The Ancient and Modern History of the Maratime Ports of Ireland, p. 35
Crookhaven, p.36
Berehaven, p.41
Dunbeacon/Dunmanus, p.51
Viscount Bernard/Lord Bandon, p.55
1847 Report a memorial presented to the Lords of the Admiralty with regard to the Harbours and Lighthouses of Co. Cork, p.59
1863. Julius Reuter and William Siemens and the South-Western of Ireland Telegraph Company, Linking Cork to Crookhaven by Telegraph and British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, Cork to Cape Clear, p.59
The start of the Communication Revolution, Picture of ‘The Atlantic Telegraph Cable Fleet’ at Berehaven, Bantry Bay, 28th July 1866, held at Cable and Wireless Archive, p.59
Funeral Black Jack O'Mahony (1810-1906). Florence O’Mahony/Mahony, Kilcrohane, 2024
A descripting brief enough of 'Black' Jack O'Mahony and his son Florence. A phrase commonly used... more A descripting brief enough of 'Black' Jack O'Mahony and his son Florence. A phrase commonly used in funeral descriptions locally is 'well known and highly respectable family'. The O'Mahonys and the associated 'King' Tobin family were probably influential from the mid 18th century on the Munitervara dn Mizen Peninsulas. Both peninsulas recorded extraordinary population densities in the 1841 census. The Tobins feature in early 19th century Cork Grand Jury records as road contractors and were probably well versed in the power play involved in g local landlords. Among Black Jack O'Mahony descendants are the late Peter Sutherland, Irish Attorney General, EU Commissioner, Chairman Goldman Sachs among other business ventures.
I was reading Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, book on Ireland and empire. Following the book and lecture on t... more I was reading Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, book on Ireland and empire. Following the book and lecture on the British acquisition of Bombay I started looking at my notes on those with a West Cork background who had colonial experience. I was surprised by the number, military, medical, engineering, legal and religious. I had not realised that forfeit Irish Land as well as producing revenue was used to give collateral security to fund slavery and sugar and tobacco enterprises. It seems that many of the grantees of Irish Land were associated with London networks such as the Thompson family heavily involved in the East India Company. Later in the end of the 17th century they were also probably involved in the Hollow Blade Company, a consortium of London merchants who financed Parliament in its war against the English King and surprise surprise they were repaid in grants of Irish confiscated land. In the same book she described in forensic detail the Irish involvement of both Irish Catholics and Protestants in the slave trade and tobacco and sugar plantations.
Ireland did not have colonies but was in the peculiar position of both being a colony and Irish people both Catholic and Protestant of all classes being complicit in slavery. This was not just with the English but with all colonial powers. Dr. Ohlmeyer cites a number of examples, the Danes had a small colony in the West Indies but no commercial network to sell the sugar from the slave plantations. Apparently their Lutheran religion proved no barriers to using Irish Catholic merchant networks on the Continent to sell their sugar. The Irish Catholic Caroll family had extensive plantation in Maryland and slaves. Charles Carroll of the family signed the American Declaration of Independence. Richard Boyle the Great Earl of Cork acquired much of the land granted to Phane Beecher around Bandon. The iron from his works were used to bribe African Chiefs to sell their own people into slavery. The McCalmont family of Co. Derry had extensive plantations in Barbados and multiple slaves. when slavery was abolished. From the compensation they received they invested in West London real estate and initially leased Mount Juliet in Co. Kilkenny from the Butler family eventually acquired it outright. The Munster ports ( like Bristol ) were heavily involved in the Atlantic 'Triangular Trade' and that was explicitly tied into securing and transporting slaves, and dealing in the products that then came from their work....cotton, indigo, rice, sugar and molasses etc. Of course Munster butter, bacon and beef ( the Provisions Trade) partly went to feed those enslaved too. Behind all were the investments, security on loans and profits coming back. The big houses, fine streets, public buildings and squares didn't only come from Irish rents! There is no getting away from widespread complicity.
Dr. Ohlmeyer makes the point that work on the colonial archives of The Netherlands, France, Portugal and Spain has only begun and it is probable that many more Irish Connections will surface.
Phane Beecher. Beecher Magistrates, West Cork, 2024
What started as a listing of Beecher Magistrates in West Cork from the end of the 17th century tu... more What started as a listing of Beecher Magistrates in West Cork from the end of the 17th century turned into something more elaborate. I was reading Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, book on Ireland and empire and saw a reference to Phane Beecher granted lands in Bandon and Governor of St. Kitts. In fact these are two separate people but probably of the same family. I was assisted by a Beecher descendant who provided considerable information on the mid 17th century Caribbean, then the epicenter of England slave colonies growing sugar. I had not realized that forfeit Irish Land as well as producing revenue was used to give collateral security to fund slavery and sugar and tobacco enterprises. It seems that many of the grantees of Irish Land were associated with London networks such as the Thompson family heavily involved in the East India Company. Later in the end of the 17th century they were also probably involved in the Hollow Blade Company, a consortium of London merchants who financed Parliament in its war against the English King and surprise surprise they were repaid in grants of Irish confiscated land. In the same book she described in forensic detail the Irish involvement of both Irish Catholics and Protestants in the slave trade and tobacco and sugar plantations. Fane Becher was granted over 12,000 acres in county Cork, p.1 The English Caribbees in the Period of the Civil War, 1642-1646, p. 2 St. Kitts in 1639 arrived penniless one Phance Beecher, p.7 Slaving, Tobacco, Sugar, the Irish Connections from Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, p. 10 Beecher Magistrates, West Cork, p. 12-19 Beecher/Becher Landed Estates, p. 19
1855 West Cork Workhouses
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Sc... more 1855 West Cork Workhouses
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Schull and Skibbereen Workhouses, p. 11 Bandon, p. 11 Bantry, p. 15 Bantry Famine/Workhouse, Dr. Geraldine Powell, p. 21 Castletownbere, p. 23 Clonakilty, p. 26 Dunmanway and famine conditions p. 32 Kinsale, p. 41 Schull/Skull and famine conditions, p. 44
Based on a 1855 Parliamentary Return the paper explores some of those mentioned where information... more Based on a 1855 Parliamentary Return the paper explores some of those mentioned where information is available and also the prior famine local conditions
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Schull and Skibbereen Workhouses, p. 11 Bandon, p. 11 Bantry, p. 15 Bantry Famine/Workhouse, Dr. Geraldine Powell, p. 21 Castletownbere, p. 23 Clonakilty, p. 26 Dunmanway and famine conditions p. 32 Kinsale, p. 41 Schull/Skull and famine conditions, p. 44
1877 Cork subscribers to Dr. Croke Archbishop of Cashel for a Catholic Meeting for a Catholic University., 2024
The actual requisition to Dr. Croke Archbishop of Cashel for a Catholic Meeting for the Province... more The actual requisition to Dr. Croke Archbishop of Cashel for a Catholic Meeting for the Province of Munster and a Catholic University is more nuanced than the title of this paper.
This can be viewed as a once off part of a series if regular such subscriptions of those mostly but sometime including LIberal Protestant seeking equality of treatment, It can also be viewed as a other in a series of small incremental signs of a latent feeling of inferior treatment by the dominant class and living in a de facto colony. The ember were to explode in 1916 and culminated in the Treaty after the conclusion of the Anglo Irish War. So the greatest part of the island secured what was to become full independence.
No surprise that it featured on page one Thomas Crosbie, whose family controlled the Cork Examiner is listed. The newspaper from foundation was strongly nationalistic.
The subscription list in itself is somewhat ironic being addressed to Dr. Croke the Co. Cork born Archbishop of Casel, a staunch nationalist. HIs mother Isabella Plummer a Protestant. It is probably that quite a number signing would have Protestant ancestry. Likewise quite a number of Irish Protestant could have Gaelic or Norman ancestry. The wealthier conforming because of the Penal Laws to retain land ownership or remain in the legal profession. Most often religion change occured on intermarriage. Archbishop Croke, p.2
Requisition to Dr. Croke, p. 4
Breakdown of some of those listed, p. 6
Thomas Crosbie, whose family controlled the Cork Examiner, p. 7
West Cork Listings, p. 10
Cork Magistrates Listed, p. 24
Lawyer listings, p. 28
Doctor listings, p. 30
1762 The Catholics of Cork Come out of the shadows, p. 32
Inspired by the magnificent new book, Irish Food History, edited by Máirtín Mac Conl Iomaire and ... more Inspired by the magnificent new book, Irish Food History, edited by Máirtín Mac Conl Iomaire and Dorothy Cashman from a few snippets I had.
Memoirs of James Stanley Vickery, 1830s, written c 1889 Australia, Vickery Household, Mollogh, Parish of Durrus, p. 1
William Warner Vickery and Wlizabeth Wofle from Bantry to Evansville, Indiana memoir Rooska, Reendonegan 1840s Bantry, p. 2
Mary Isabella Kingston, NT, Corraun National School. Myross, Recipes 1914., p. 3
Memoirs of Ignatious O’Brien, Lord Shandon, Lord Chancellor of Ireland re food in Cork, p. 6
It is remarkable in Ireland that is the Republic that there is very little awareness of the legal... more It is remarkable in Ireland that is the Republic that there is very little awareness of the legal system that the District Courts replaced in 1922. This is the case even among legal academics. These were the courts used by the vast bulk of the population. The Petty Sessions handled the bulk of lesser legal cases, both criminal and civil. They were presided over by Justices of the Peace, who were unpaid and often without any formal legal training. The position did not have a wage, so the role was usually taken by those with their own income – in practice usually prominent landowners or gentlemen. Justice was pronounced summarily at these courts, in other words, without a jury. Cases of a more serious nature, which did require a jury, were held at the Quarter Sessions, which, as the name suggests were held four times a year. The most serious cases, those like murder or treason that carried the death penalty, were presided over by at least one legally trained judge at assizes held twice a year in circuit. The jury courts used a system known as a commission of Oyer and Terminer, a Norman French phrase meaning To See and To Judge. There were two juries, a Grand Jury who assessed the strength of the prosecution evidence, and the trial jury, who would hear the case if the Grand Jury had decided the case was strong enough to go forward to trial. At the lower levels though, justice was summary and swift. The Petty Sessions, which sat daily, weekly or monthly, depending on the volume of cases, often saw controversial judgements. Every court had a clerk, whose job it was to record the details of each case in a register. It is those registers you are looking at in these records. The clerks also collected any fees from those involved in the cases. The Petty Sessions were formally established with legislation in 1827, although they had been in operation for centuries before that. By 1851, amid growing concerns about the fairness of some of the justices of the peace, the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act sought to tighten up the rules. JPs were gradually replaced by trained and paid magistrates as the 19th century went on. Covering both civil and criminal cases, the Petty Sessions’ brief was wide. Cases ranged from merchants who had not paid duty on their goods, to workers suing for unpaid wages. Farmers were fined for letting their cattle wander or for allowing their cart to be driven without their name painted on the side. Debts were collected and disputes settled. Public drunkenness was a common offence, as was assault and general rowdiness. Political feelings were often volatile and there are frequent cases all over the country of people charged with putting up seditious posters or leaflets.
1836 Arms Licences West Cork Cork and Associated Gunnery, 2024
Introduction, p.2
1836 Arms Licences West Cork religion of holders, p. 3
Breakdown of weaponry,... more Introduction, p.2
1836 Arms Licences West Cork religion of holders, p. 3
Breakdown of weaponry, p. 4
Listing and background to some of those holding licences, p. 5-53
1798 Pistol Robbery, p. 57
The Lost World of the Flemings of Oldcourt, Reenmurragha, Skibbereen, West Cork, Where, ‘All The Famous Horsemen Met..With Their Fowling Pieces..The Gentry of Rosscarbery Met.. Song in Lionel Fleming’s Book, Head or Harp., p. 53
Gunmakers List Cork, p. 53
1823 Orangemen march to Methodist Church armed with pistol swords, p. 54
Pistols in Skibbereen tithe war?, p. 56
Magistrates grants of licences to keep arms in Bandon 1832, p. 57
Pistols in Skibbereen, p. 57
RIC Ballineen 1840, 1840 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Carter Hall, p. 58
1848 Vickery Gun Certificate to hold arms in Dwelling House, p. 58 1859. Military Enquiry into Activities of Co. Antrim Militia into Alleged Orange Riots Pre 12th July at Kinsale Co. Cork. 1,077 Panes of Glass Broken, Houses of 20 Protestants and 700 Catholics Attacked, 100 Militia Men Brandishing Bayonets, p. 59 Memoir of Sam Bird, b 1871- Bandon re hunting, p. 60 This is largely the area covered by the various Baronies of West Cork including small areas of the Baronies of Muskerry being part of the hinterland of Bandon and Macroom. Really the area west of the river Bandon including Innishannon bounded by the sea and the high ground in the Baronies Muskerry and with the Sheehy Mountains as going over Cousane Gap.
This is a rough estimate in relation to the religious breakdown. Re surnames here are in fact quite a number of Protestants with Gaelic surnames in the greater Bandon are like Sullivan/O’Sullivan, Cotter and like Daly/Dealy, Murphy in Bantry, Daly in Dunmanway. The odd time there will be a Catholic with a Planter surname. Since the Bandon plantations post 1590s West ~cork had a significant Protestant population. However by 1836 the collapse of the textile industry and the outworking system where the Bandon clothiers outsourced the weaving of cloth to smallholders disproportionately affected poor Protestae. Widespread emigration to Canada, England and America commenced. Bandon weavers were begging as far west as Goleen. Without doing a detaisle parish analysis of the 1831 census it is not possible to say what the protest population was, perhaps 15%.
The arms distribution could be looked at a a sign of Protestant insecurity post plantation. There were frequent uprisings, tithe wars and the worst fears were realised by the IRA murders of Protestants in the Bandon Valley in April 1922.
It is worth looking at the militarisation of the area. Post 1650 at different stages there were English/British military barracks at Bandon, Bantry, Castletownbere, Clonakilty, Dunmanway, Durrus, Kinsale, Innishannon, Rosscarbery, Skibbereen. After the attempted French landing in Bantry Bay in 1796 the area was flooded with British Regiments and Irish regiments and militia.
For areas near barracks which had Church of Ireland registers which survive, they record many marriages between young soldiers and local women, many of whom have Gaelic surnames. It is not clear whether they were Protestant or the marriages were performed in Protestant churches as the validity of Catholic marriages was at best questionable under the Penal Laws. It also means that from the 17th century there was a significant infusion of Irish blood into the English working class.
Currently as far as I know the only military installation in West Cork is the firing range used by the Irish Defence forces on Bere Island. 1840 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Carter Hall toured Ireland and visited the then new Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) barracks at Ballineen (Ballyneen). There is a graphic description of the weapons being polished by the young RIC men in their sleeping quarters. Ireadln was heavily policed by a paramilitary force. Over 90,000 Irish men served in the RIC, the majority Catholics but the officers were mainly Protestant. The number service in small villages and towns was staggering but of course they ew-were the eyes and ears of Dublin Castle as evidenced by the monthly District Inspectors reports which can be viewed in the British ... read on
1844 Shoal of 100-170 Whales at Bantry. Whaling West Cork, 2024
1844 Shoal of Whales at Bantry, p.2
John Hamilton White, p. 3
Thomas Eccles, p. 3
Dr. Armstron... more 1844 Shoal of Whales at Bantry, p.2
John Hamilton White, p. 3
Thomas Eccles, p. 3
Dr. Armstrong. 3
1845, John Coughlan of Crookhaven, West Cork Owner of Whaler ‘The Wild Irish Girl’ Rescues Schooner British America (Canada) ‘Exile’, p.4
C 1850 Bantry Businessman John O’Connell owner whaler, p. 4
1851 Many Whale Boats Belong to Crookhaven, p. 5 1861 The Pioneer of Richmond, USA, and Cargo, Cork Admiralty Court. Two whale boats belonging to Mr. Notter, of Crookhaven, p. 6
1862 Whale Landed on Dunmanus Bay near the Residence of James O'Callaghan, J.P. , p. 6
1864. For Sale A First Class Whaleboat, Apply H. Justice, Ballydehob, West Cork., p. 6 1891 Isaac Notter, Crookhaven, will, probate 1891. Whaleboat, p. 6 Newspaper Accounts whaleboats Crookhaven, p. 8
The first two weddings are described in Dr. Rachel Finnegan’s ‘The Memoirs and Diaries of Judith... more The first two weddings are described in Dr. Rachel Finnegan’s ‘The Memoirs and Diaries of Judith Isobel Chavesse. She goes into considerable details and here the full newspaper descriptions of those attending and the presents are listed. The 1893 weddings might be described as Protestant Gentry. The Local gentry had been on a downward spiral from the early 19th century but in 1893 they would have thought it inconceivable that their world would have largely vanished by 1922 excepting the enclave in Castletownshend. The 1910 is a Catholic wedding, again a very detailed listing of those in attendance and the presents. Despite the immense deprivation of many in the general district from the early 19ht century there was a thriving Catholic and Protestant middle class of professionals and merchants and this accelerated post 1922 particularly for Catholics. 1893, 1910 Skibbereen Weddings, Guests, Presents.
Hilderard Augusta Somerville, Castletownshend, to Egerton B. Coghill, p. 4 . Presents, p. 8
1893 Henrietta Reeves Fleming, Newcourt, Skibbereen, the Rev. Haythornthwaite, p.14
Brides presents, p. 20
Bridegrooms presents, 27
A Pretty Wedding Jennings/Hayes, Skibbereen, 1910. Presents and Donors Listed, p.27
A collection of newspaper accounts of funerals obituaries dan associated matters. If you have di... more A collection of newspaper accounts of funerals obituaries dan associated matters. If you have difficulty accessing link email me at pat25a@gmail.com and I will send pdf
A listing of funerals especially in the late 19th and early 20th century. Some of the reports ... more A listing of funerals especially in the late 19th and early 20th century. Some of the reports go into remarkable detail of those attending, with townlands and other addresses given, often their relation to the deceased. Often the description of telegrams from abroad gives clues to family and neighbors who had emigrated. As more and more funerals were added the pagination is not in sequence but an attempt is made to do it chronologically.
1835 Petty Session Courts, West Cork Returns, 2024
This had been abstracted from the Irish annual return. In between details of the court returns is... more This had been abstracted from the Irish annual return. In between details of the court returns is a sampling of some of the local Magistrates who sat. Since the mid 17th century the Magistrates of West Cork were overwhelmingly Protestant bar a bried period around 1680 and the first Catholic to be appointed was
Daniel O'Sullivan, Cameatringen, Berehaven, Co. Cork, 1814, Died On Passage from Bristol Where he Had Been for the Recovery of His Health, D. O'Sullivan, Cameatringen, Berehaven, Co. Cork, First Catholic Appointed Magistrate since Reign of Queen Anne, Captain of Berehaven Loyal Infantry, Descended From One of The Princely Branches of O'Sullivan Beare. O'Sullivan, Daniel (1758/61?–1814), middleman and magistrate, was second son of Daniel O'Sullivan and his wife Honora, daughter of Morgan O'Connell (1739–1809) of Carhen, Cahirciveen, Co. Kerry, and therefore first cousin to Daniel O'Connell (qv). On his father's side he was grandnephew to Morty (Murtagh) Óg O'Sullivan, a smuggler shot at Eyries, Co. Kerry, while resisting arrest for homicide in 1754. The family resided in Caretringane House, Castletownbere, Co. Kerry, and leased a sizeable property in the Coulagh area on the Eyre estate. Their uncle's fate did not deter the family from the smuggling tradition, though the French traveller Coquebert de Montbret commented on the social pretensions of the family in 1791. Following the death (c.1796) of his elder brother, John, Daniel was vested with administration of the estate until his nephew, Morty O'Sullivan (d. 1825), should come of age. In December 1796, when French vessels belonging to the expeditionary force under Gen. Lazare Hoche (1766–97) were observed anchored off Bere Island, O'Sullivan with great alacrity initiated a state of emergency in the district, ordering his tenants to drive cattle inland and to conceal provisions in the event of a French landing. Having posted a large number of tenants to watch the coast for the next eleven days, he took prisoner the crew of a French longboat reconnoitring the beaches and rushed them for interrogation to the nearest British garrison in Bantry. O'Sullivan was applauded for his loyalty, made captain of the Berehaven loyal infantry corps of yeomanry, and presented with the freedom of Cork city – the first catholic to receive the honour since the early 1700s. Recommended to the commission of the peace by the county governors, he was the first catholic to be made a magistrate in Co. Cork since the early 1700s.
In recognition of his part at the time of the attempted French Invasion at Bantry Bay in 1796.
The Magistrates were drawn from the ranks of the Landlords or their agents. Many had a well deserved reputation of being sectarian and partisan so slowly the British administration introduced Resident Magistrates initial former RIC inspectors to retired British army officers. Edith Somervill ‘The Irish RM probably accurately depicts the. None of the Magistrates had any legal training, a situation that still pertains in England. The situation improved towards the end of the 19th century as many of th RM were either barristers or solicitors.
This was part of the radical overhaul of the Irish Justice system post Independence ebay the Free State Government.
They abolished the Magistrates who still sit in Northern Ireland, This was praised by the former Lord Chancellor Ignatious O’Brien, (Baron Shandon 1857-1930).
When the lord chancellor, Redmond John Barry, retired in 1913 O'Brien was appointed to the vacant post. While he was a hard worker he was neither diplomatic nor forceful enough to be truly effective, and was notorious for his long-winded and self-important judgments. His judicial philosophy favoured sweeping aside precedent and technicalities in favour of substantive justice as he saw it; hence he was on good terms with Peter O'Brien (qv), though he disapproved of his politics, and at odds with Christopher Palles (qv), though he acknowledged Palles's eminence as a jurist. He greatly enjoyed the social side of his office and the ceremonies and amusements of the viceregal court.
O'Brien was nearly ousted as lord chancellor in 1915 in favour of James Campbell (qv) by the first coalition government – his removal was also sought by T. M. Healy and William O'Brien (qv) (1852–1928) – but was retained after a public outcry orchestrated by the Redmondites, which threatened to affect American public opinion.
He expressed guarded optimism for the future of the Irish Free State, and admired the government of W. T. Cosgrave (qv), praising such decisions as the replacement of JPs by paid district justices and the creation of an unarmed police force. He emerges from its pages as a sensitive and somewhat neurotic meritocrat, haunted at the sufferings inflicted
Introduction
This commenced with a request to assist in giving background on the Love family of ... more Introduction
This commenced with a request to assist in giving background on the Love family of West Cork in particular ‘The addresses listed for the Loves are Donegal, Goleen & Enaghhouchter Schull. It developed into something more significant trying to portray the lot of the poorer Protestant in the Mizen Durrus area in the late 18th and early 19th century. White the focus is on the Mizen area and other Co. Cork Loves fear=ture. The anime does not appear on banners History of Bandon and his listing of the post 1590s planters. However there are memorials of a Love family in Bandon mud 17th century who appear reasonably prosperous. Also a sampling of marriage records for the Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts involving Love family members from the mid 19th century to the late 19th century shows the interaction with other families. Introduction, p. 2
Travellers, Visitors, p. 6
Love Wills Cork, p. 11
Local Protestant Population, p. 8
Marriage Records Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts, p. 8
C 1830 Tithe Applotments. Townlands on Mizen measured in Gneeves, p. 12
Updated Clothiers, Flax, Linen, Textiles, Weaving, West Cork, Bandon, p. 13
Valuation Office Records Mizen, p.13
Huguenot Marriages, p. 14
Schull Burials, p. 14
Emigration from West Cork, Rochester, NY, The Croston's of Bradford and Haverhill Massachusetts, p. 16
Funerals St. Luke and St. Simon Cyrene Episcopal Church, Rochester, p. 16
Marriage Licence Bonds, probably mostly not West Cork, p. 16
Marriages, p. 18
Marriages, Schull, p. 18
One Catholic marriage to McCarthy, p. 18
Skibbereen from 1852, p. 24
Selected Deaths Schull District, p. 25
Bantry, p. 28
Selected Deaths Schull District 1882-1899, p. 25
Royal Irish Constabulary, p. 30
1893 Anti Home Rule Meeting, Skibbereen, p. 31
1897 Juror, p. 32 Royal Navy service: Also mention of Captain Love who landed in Crookhaven in 1601, p. 33
Bandon Memorials, p. 34
Newspaper Extracts, p. 35
Appendix 1, Love Sullivan/O'Sullivan Descendants, p. 43-60
1843 Meeting in Bandon of West Cork Magistrates Fear of Rebellion. Alexander (Sandy Tim) O'Driscoll. ??-1849, 2024
What started as a mere report on a Magistrates meeting turned out to be something far more substa... more What started as a mere report on a Magistrates meeting turned out to be something far more substantial. The Cork Examiner reported lampooned Alexander O’Driscoll for instigating the meeting citing his own troubles., Actually the loyal magistrates of West Cork had in effect been reeling from a catalogue of misfortune from the easing of the Penal Laws mid 18th century, entry of Catholics to the Legal profession 1790s, the attempted rising 1798, by about 1820 in Cork City at least by concentrating on business the Catholics had far surpassed to cities Protestants, Catholic Emancipation. Daniel O’Connell repeal is dealt with later. The Magistrates' travails were to continue until independence of the larger part of the Island of Ireland in 1922. In His memoirs Lord shandon (Ignatious O’Briedn) was Lord Chancellor was scathing in his comments., His observations on the early action of the Irish Free State are reproduced later.
However every time Alexandr O’Driscoll appears in a newspaper report it throws light not only on his own venality but on the atrocious condition endured by the majority of the population, In a mixed religious area there were also many poor Protestants.
Magistrates and others attending Famine Relief Meeting. Dunmanway. 1846, 2024
This is a snapshot of those wielding influence in West Cork in the famine period.
Those listed ar... more This is a snapshot of those wielding influence in West Cork in the famine period. Those listed are described as noblemen and gentlemen. Not strictly accurate even here. One benefit of independence is there are no more meetings of noblemen and gentlemen. Of those 72 listed, around 37 are landlords or their land agent, Payne in Bantry for the White Estate, Swanston in Bandon for the Devonshire estate.some with enormous holding, some like Bantry businessman John O’Connell comparatively small holdings. From the early 19th century falling rents and arrears of rent payments by middlemen further strained the finances of the estate. On some estates management and legal expenses were reckoned at 30% of gross rental.
A certain amount of fractiousness was observed in 1822 ‘the magistrates in the south can scarcely ever be prevailed upon to act together from their entertaining so many petty jealousies and animosities towards each other’
Then succeeding decades would not be kind to Landlords. The encumbered estates court, landed estates court in effect enabling lands heaving mortgaged to the dry cleaned and clear title given to the purchaser. The Land Wars of the 1880s destroyed any landlords and tenant relationships that may have existed.
Re the transfer of Land, the Irish Land commission transferred nearly 14.5 million acres from the Landed Estates to the tenant almost 70% of the landmass of the Island of Ireland.
By my reckoning this was probably the largest voluntary land transfer in world history. It was motivated by the concept of killing Home Rule by Kindness.
From around 1895 if the Estate was willing to sell the Land Commission offered market value with a premium of 25% for selling on a voluntary basis. By that time most estates were distressed and they were only too willing to sell.
They had to produce legal title to the satisfaction of the Land Commission Law Officer. As a consequence there are 12.5 million documents stored in a warehouse in Portlaoise. Many of these are certified copies of records the originals of which were destroyed in the Public Records Office in 1922.
Religion In terms of the religions make up there are 9 Church of Ireland clergyman some of whom are magistrates. Many of the senior Church of Ireladn clergy enjoyed a bountiful element of opulence, one of those listed her Rev. Mountyford/Mountifort Longfield, Castigated by Daniel O’Connell for abusing a sinecure in Kerry (Kilcrohane, £400 per annum) drawing a clerical salary of £960 for administering to 80 church attending Protestant paid by the tithes of 6,008 Catholics in the Parish. These clerics often subcontracted their duties to ill paid curates who often supplemented their income by preparing boys for college of various British military occupations.
National Religious Breakdown of Magistrates:
Palmer, though his work is primarily focused on the police and police magistrates, lists just 285 Catholic Magistrates in the mid-1830s, leaving some 2,085 Protestant Justices, eighty-nine per cent of the total number of individuals in the Commission of the Peace. This uneven religious distribution was further investigated in an 1835 commission investigating the number of Magistrate clergy the results of which showed some 177 Protestant clergy Magistrates and no Catholic clergy.
There are 7 Catholic clergy listed, 4 parish Priests and 4 curates. It is unlikely prior to 1835 that such a public meeting would have such a representation. However the Catholic clergy were to the fore in West Cork in using their organisation skill to have the hated tithes .....
1851 Proposed West Cork Packet Stations General Background., 2024
Introduction, p.1
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Gr... more Introduction, p.1
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Griffiths report to Parliament 1828, p.3 An earlier account 1819 of the Mizen peninsula, Eliza (Dizzie) Townsend (Mrs. Lionel Fleming), p.4 Rev. Caesar Otway 1831, p.5
Projected Bandon to Bantry Railway 1845, p.6
Appeal to Sir Robert Peel to make Bantry a packet station, p.7
Courthouse meeting Dunmanway re projected railway, p.9
Report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations background, p.10
Extracts re West Cork report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations, p.12
Thomas Hungerford, Inspector Coastguards, family background, p.29
Emigration from Cork 1847-1850, p.34
Anthony Marmion author The Ancient and Modern History of the Maratime Ports of Ireland, p. 35
Crookhaven, p.36
Berehaven, p.41
Dunbeacon/Dunmanus, p.51
Viscount Bernard/Lord Bandon, p.55
1847 Report a memorial presented to the Lords of the Admiralty with regard to the Harbours and Lighthouses of Co. Cork, p.59
1863. Julius Reuter and William Siemens and the South-Western of Ireland Telegraph Company, Linking Cork to Crookhaven by Telegraph and British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, Cork to Cape Clear, p.59
The start of the Communication Revolution, Picture of ‘The Atlantic Telegraph Cable Fleet’ at Berehaven, Bantry Bay, 28th July 1866, held at Cable and Wireless Archive, p.59
Bere Island British Naval Base, p.61
Introduction
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over short channels. Here, in the 1851 report, however, what is contemplated is what port on the west coast of Ireland would be suitable for vessels going or coming to America.
The introduction of steam engines changed everything and competition with the Americans also. The level of technical detail considered in making their choice is fascinating. Then 8 years later they laid the first transatlantic cable for communication across the Atlantic from Valentia. That put the packet station to bed.
In terms of the earlier background you have a paradox, from the late 17th century West Cork was just off some of the main shipping lines in the world. At the same time transport links even to Cork were limited. By the end of the 18th century reasonable roads connected the main towns to Cork some had been built as turnpikes, an early version of tolled .... Click here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FLpxJZX0PnDg1V5F-H2WgxlyseAUS5QfrDZqrhJ7CpM/edit
1851 Proposed West Cork Packet Stations General Background., 2024
Introduction
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over s... more Introduction
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over short channels. Here, in the 1851 report, however, what is contemplated is what port on the west coast of Ireland would be suitable for vessels going or coming to America.
The introduction of steam engines changed everything and competition with the Americans also. The level of technical detail considered in making their choice is fascinating. Then 8 years later they laid the first transatlantic cable for communication across the Atlantic from Valentia. That put the packet station to bed.
In terms of the earlier background you have a paradox, from the late 17th century West Cork was just off some of the main shipping lines in the world. At the same time transport links even to Cork were limited. By the end of the 18th century reasonable roads connected the main towns to Cork some had been built as turnpikes, an early version of tolled motorways. However on the peninsulas until Sir Richard Griffith completed the road from Skibbereeen to CXrookhaven c 1828 wheeled carts were unknown. Roads on the Muintervara peninsula were in a poor enough condition until the late 1840s. On the Beara Peninsula as late as the 1980s the local TD Paddy Sheehan christened the road from Glengarriff to Castletownbere ‘Burma Trail;’ huge improvements have been made but there's still about 15 km of very poor road.
What commenced as a look at the Parliamentary Report into packet stations broadened out to reflect technological changes and the strategic importance of this isolated one one sense part of Europe while simultaneously being very much to the fore in advanced technology.
1851 Proposed West Cork Packet Stations General Background. The file is too large for Academicia so if you click the link you will access the Google Document:
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Griffiths report to Parliament 1828, p.3 An earlier account 1819 of the Mizen peninsula, Eliza (Dizzie) Townsend (Mrs. Lionel Fleming), p.4 Rev. Caesar Otway 1831, p.5
Projected Bandon to Bantry Railway 1845, p.6
Appeal to Sir Robert Peel to make Bantry a packet station, p.7
Courthouse meeting Dunmanway re projected railway, p.9
Report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations background, p.10
Extracts re West Cork report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations, p.12
Thomas Hungerford, Inspector Coastguards, family background, p.29
Emigration from Cork 1847-1850, p.34
Anthony Marmion author The Ancient and Modern History of the Maratime Ports of Ireland, p. 35
Crookhaven, p.36
Berehaven, p.41
Dunbeacon/Dunmanus, p.51
Viscount Bernard/Lord Bandon, p.55
1847 Report a memorial presented to the Lords of the Admiralty with regard to the Harbours and Lighthouses of Co. Cork, p.59
1863. Julius Reuter and William Siemens and the South-Western of Ireland Telegraph Company, Linking Cork to Crookhaven by Telegraph and British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, Cork to Cape Clear, p.59
The start of the Communication Revolution, Picture of ‘The Atlantic Telegraph Cable Fleet’ at Berehaven, Bantry Bay, 28th July 1866, held at Cable and Wireless Archive, p.59
Funeral Black Jack O'Mahony (1810-1906). Florence O’Mahony/Mahony, Kilcrohane, 2024
A descripting brief enough of 'Black' Jack O'Mahony and his son Florence. A phrase commonly used... more A descripting brief enough of 'Black' Jack O'Mahony and his son Florence. A phrase commonly used in funeral descriptions locally is 'well known and highly respectable family'. The O'Mahonys and the associated 'King' Tobin family were probably influential from the mid 18th century on the Munitervara dn Mizen Peninsulas. Both peninsulas recorded extraordinary population densities in the 1841 census. The Tobins feature in early 19th century Cork Grand Jury records as road contractors and were probably well versed in the power play involved in g local landlords. Among Black Jack O'Mahony descendants are the late Peter Sutherland, Irish Attorney General, EU Commissioner, Chairman Goldman Sachs among other business ventures.
I was reading Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, book on Ireland and empire. Following the book and lecture on t... more I was reading Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, book on Ireland and empire. Following the book and lecture on the British acquisition of Bombay I started looking at my notes on those with a West Cork background who had colonial experience. I was surprised by the number, military, medical, engineering, legal and religious. I had not realised that forfeit Irish Land as well as producing revenue was used to give collateral security to fund slavery and sugar and tobacco enterprises. It seems that many of the grantees of Irish Land were associated with London networks such as the Thompson family heavily involved in the East India Company. Later in the end of the 17th century they were also probably involved in the Hollow Blade Company, a consortium of London merchants who financed Parliament in its war against the English King and surprise surprise they were repaid in grants of Irish confiscated land. In the same book she described in forensic detail the Irish involvement of both Irish Catholics and Protestants in the slave trade and tobacco and sugar plantations.
Ireland did not have colonies but was in the peculiar position of both being a colony and Irish people both Catholic and Protestant of all classes being complicit in slavery. This was not just with the English but with all colonial powers. Dr. Ohlmeyer cites a number of examples, the Danes had a small colony in the West Indies but no commercial network to sell the sugar from the slave plantations. Apparently their Lutheran religion proved no barriers to using Irish Catholic merchant networks on the Continent to sell their sugar. The Irish Catholic Caroll family had extensive plantation in Maryland and slaves. Charles Carroll of the family signed the American Declaration of Independence. Richard Boyle the Great Earl of Cork acquired much of the land granted to Phane Beecher around Bandon. The iron from his works were used to bribe African Chiefs to sell their own people into slavery. The McCalmont family of Co. Derry had extensive plantations in Barbados and multiple slaves. when slavery was abolished. From the compensation they received they invested in West London real estate and initially leased Mount Juliet in Co. Kilkenny from the Butler family eventually acquired it outright. The Munster ports ( like Bristol ) were heavily involved in the Atlantic 'Triangular Trade' and that was explicitly tied into securing and transporting slaves, and dealing in the products that then came from their work....cotton, indigo, rice, sugar and molasses etc. Of course Munster butter, bacon and beef ( the Provisions Trade) partly went to feed those enslaved too. Behind all were the investments, security on loans and profits coming back. The big houses, fine streets, public buildings and squares didn't only come from Irish rents! There is no getting away from widespread complicity.
Dr. Ohlmeyer makes the point that work on the colonial archives of The Netherlands, France, Portugal and Spain has only begun and it is probable that many more Irish Connections will surface.
Phane Beecher. Beecher Magistrates, West Cork, 2024
What started as a listing of Beecher Magistrates in West Cork from the end of the 17th century tu... more What started as a listing of Beecher Magistrates in West Cork from the end of the 17th century turned into something more elaborate. I was reading Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, book on Ireland and empire and saw a reference to Phane Beecher granted lands in Bandon and Governor of St. Kitts. In fact these are two separate people but probably of the same family. I was assisted by a Beecher descendant who provided considerable information on the mid 17th century Caribbean, then the epicenter of England slave colonies growing sugar. I had not realized that forfeit Irish Land as well as producing revenue was used to give collateral security to fund slavery and sugar and tobacco enterprises. It seems that many of the grantees of Irish Land were associated with London networks such as the Thompson family heavily involved in the East India Company. Later in the end of the 17th century they were also probably involved in the Hollow Blade Company, a consortium of London merchants who financed Parliament in its war against the English King and surprise surprise they were repaid in grants of Irish confiscated land. In the same book she described in forensic detail the Irish involvement of both Irish Catholics and Protestants in the slave trade and tobacco and sugar plantations. Fane Becher was granted over 12,000 acres in county Cork, p.1 The English Caribbees in the Period of the Civil War, 1642-1646, p. 2 St. Kitts in 1639 arrived penniless one Phance Beecher, p.7 Slaving, Tobacco, Sugar, the Irish Connections from Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, p. 10 Beecher Magistrates, West Cork, p. 12-19 Beecher/Becher Landed Estates, p. 19
1889 Dr. William Kearney sentenced to Four Months Hard Labour. 1894 Dr. Kearney’s Funeral., 2023
Early draft at the last stage of the Land War in West Cork Dr. William Kearny at the Coercion C... more Early draft at the last stage of the Land War in West Cork Dr. William Kearny at the Coercion Court, Rosscarbery, pubs closed huge throngs of people in the town, 90 police drafted in, Dr. William Kearny sentenced to Four Months Hard Labour. 1894 Dr. Kearney’s Funeral was one of the Largest Ever Seen in West Cork. Later it is hoped to explore the many sub themes the families involved, the continuance despite the Penal Laws of a prosperous class of substantial Catholics farmers and businessmen how they were the political drivers in West Cork from the early 19th century. The families are often connected by marriage. Academia does not allow long titles.
1851 Quasi Census of Protestants Skibbereen District., 2023
The Ecclesiastical Titles Act of 1851, which marked the last time the British government passed a... more The Ecclesiastical Titles Act of 1851, which marked the last time the British government passed a legislation discriminating against a specific religion, resulted from an odd comedy of errors in which the parties concerned repeatedly acted in ways contrary to their own basic beliefs. The first proposed version of the act, a hostile, unnecessary response to the Pope's reestablishment of Catholic dioceses in Great Britain a few decades after the 1829 Catholic Emancipation Act granted Catholics full civil rights, penalised any Catholic “any archbishop, bishop or dean who assumed a territorial title” with a £100 fine and forfeiture of the diocese’s entire endowment. That draconian punishment was cut from the bill before it became law. The sub editor of the Cork Examiner in penning the article of Skibbereen Protestant was probably too severe to depict it as ‘Anti Popery Petition’ The Cork Examiner was very firmly the organ of the emerging Nationalist and Catholic party in Cork. It was more in the format of later petitions in relation to the Disestablishment of the Church of Ireland, a doomed attempt to preserve a status quo which no longer existed
Interestingly here over 240 names, all men, are appended to the petition. In contrast in Cork only 112 names from three Parishes and it was alleged that many had given no permission for their name to be used,
All the evidence was that the people of the general Skibbereen District regardless of their religion or politics pulled along pretty well as evidenced by shared interest attendance at funerals etc. This was in contrast to the Bandon Valley where sectarianism and party feeling remained high up to the 1830s.
The listing could be viewed as a mini census. The presumption is that all those listed were Protestants. There is a divergence between the Church of Ireland and Methodism. Families such as some of the Swantons, Vickeries, Warners, Woulfes were Methodists.
Interestingly in many cases the occupation is given. The disaster of the Famine in Skibbereen is well known. What is not widely appreciated is that since the mid 18th century as well as penury, mass poverty there existed a market economy with quite a number of prosperous people. Here we have bankers, cabinet makers, painters, watchmaker, engineer, pawnbroker, saddler, multiple merchants, doctors, lawyers, wine merchant. Quite a number of Gentlemen as well as those of the Governing elite, Magistrates, Customs and Excise Officials as well as clergy.
The people described have multiple origins, many would have originated in the Bandon Valley area from the West Country of England and gradually drifted westward from the mid 17th century. There are those of a Huguenot background, Coneell (Quesnell), Levis. Additionally names like Shannon and possibly Lannin may have migrated from the Northern countries in the development of weaving, linen and flax in the early 18th century. The Huguenots may have moved from Addellys failed silk enterprise in Innishannon in the early 18th century.
Scots, Ross, interestingly there are two Gibbs Rosses mentioned, another Gibbs Ross was killed during the Civil War in Bantry in 1922 fighting on the Republican side. and some from Gaelic or Norman backgrounds, Barry, McGuire, O’Donoghue. There are quite a number of Hegartys listed, they may have come down from the Northern Counties for the Battle of Kinsale in 1601 and having survived married locally as other such families the O’Neills, Gallaghers, Wards, O’Donnells.
West Cork is different from most of rural Ireland excepting the northern counties in having a diverse religious population emanating from plantations and the development of the textile business. Sir Richard Griffith was involved in the 1820 in extensive road building employing over 3,000 on the line from Skibbreeen to Crookhaven in the 1820s. He remarked that the area was the only part of Ireland excepting the northern counties where he employed poor Protestants. In the 1830s the Local Reproductive Loan Funds were set up to advance small sums to deriving locals. In 1850 th RIC was sent to assess how those who received loans and their sureties fared. The records have survived for Durrus and Schull. They catalogue a tale of unbelievable misery, death by famine, disease, emigration and local Protestants feature prominently. Given the results of recent DNA testing in particular in the USA among those with a West Cork background of all religions it seems that the population is far more diverse then the surname or religion would indicate.
The vast bulk of those whose names are appended are of modest means as very few have estates probated.
The Cullinanes of West Cork and Gympie, Queensland, Australia. , 2023
The Cullinanes of Clonakilty, Skibbereen, Bantry, Gympie, Queensland, Australia. Jeremiah and Pat... more The Cullinanes of Clonakilty, Skibbereen, Bantry, Gympie, Queensland, Australia. Jeremiah and Patrick Cullinane Associates of Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa.
The Cullinanes in particular those of Bantry and Skibbereen were probably of old Gaelic stock with an infusion of Protestant Swanton blood. In the earlier references it is not possible to say if this is the Cullinane family due to the variety of spelling variation of Irish names to English.
In the Baronies of the Carberies and Bantry and Bere from the mid 18th century emerged a class of Catholic and Protestant of business families with no connection to the local Landlords or their agents. Through acute business acumen they prospered in a bleak landscape. The Catholic ones from the early 19th century were actively engaged in politics, anti tithe agitation, Rereal, Fenian Activity, the Land League, the Irish Parliamentary party ultimately culminating in independence for the greater part of the Island of Ireland in 1922.
There is little memory now of the Cullinanes; it seems the relations are those of Australia descendants of Jeremaih Cullinane, forced as a political exile to flee his native land from British oppression. He and his family prospered in Australia.
What is contained here is largely newspaper snippets in which it throws light on many aspects of local circumstance such as the emergence of the Catholic Church, political activism than the Cullinanes a s power brokers and their involvement in local administration. They and their allies deposed the Earl of Bantry and his agent the Pauynes as local overlords from the late 19th century.
There are ironies here in 1889 in Mr. Culinane in Bantry places his yacht at the disposal of the distinguished (unidentified) visitor. This visitor was of considerable interest to the authorities of Dublin Castle and he was tailed by the RIC. It shows the wealth of the Cullinanes. Similarly supported the Land League and they were also Landlords.
The Cullinanes were part of ‘The Bantry Gang’ Often used as a term of decision comprising a network of individuals and families from or with associations from the greater Bantry area. Tim Healy's position was not helped by constant derision in the works of James Joyce for his perceived part in the downfall of Charles Stewart Parnell The Cullinanes were related by marriage and close to William Martin Murphy. Perhaps one of Ireland's greatest businessmen. He had the misfortune to be in charge of the employer federation during the infamous 1913 lockout. Since then a cottage industry has grown up to discredit him. Australian Cousins, p, 8
Swanton ancestry, p. 11
Cullinane Magistrates, p., 11
]1895 dearth Charles Cullinane, Bantry, p.12
1900 Death J. Cullinane Bantry, p. 13
1935 funeral of JOhn G.Cullinane, Clonakilty, p. 15
1414. Treatise on Medicine translated by John O'Cullinane physician to Donal McCarthy Reagh and his tutor Pierce Ó h-Uallacháin, begun at Kilbrittain Castle 1414.,
1560s. Fiants of Queen Elizabeth 1 of England with West Cork References Multiple Pardons (McCarthys. O’Driscolls/Crowleys/O’Crowleys/Dalys/O’Mahonys/O’Cullanes/Collins for ‘Rebels’. The format of the surnames is different to that now used. Might be Cullinane.p.19 1585. Earliest representation of West Cork person, 1585, Catherine Cullinane, Ballynacarriga (Townland of the Stones) Castle, Dunmanway., p.19
Kinsale (St. Multose) Register 1692, p.19
1691 Convert Rolls, p.19
Dorothy Callanan 1752 Creagh Ross Dr Casey has a Dorothy Cullinane marrying Daniel Pearse 1752 name different but more associated with Creagh then Callanan, p.19
There had been much debate in Ireland as to why the proposed National Education non denomination ... more There had been much debate in Ireland as to why the proposed National Education non denomination system did not happen. In the case of Durrus the extant file in the National Archives shows that there was cross community support for a new National School but it was blocked by the local Church of Ireland Minister, the Rev. Alcock.
The West Cork area is different from most of rural Ireland except the northern counties in that there was a significant Protestant population many of whom were not well off. The great road builder Sir Ricahrd Griffith remarked on building the road from Skibbereen to Crookhaven in the 1820s that this was the only part of Ireladn excepting the northern counties where he employed large numbers of poor Protestants.
The National school went ahead but was in fact a Catholic National School which from time to time had some Protestant children attending. The ramshackle Protestant local education staggered on until it applied to join the National System Introduction, p.1 National School application, p.2 Catholic supporters, p.2 Protestant supporters, p. 6 Rev. Alcock, p. 8 Catholic Education post 1830, p.9
Protestant Education, post 1830, p. 11
Dromore/Lisheen School Disputes, Queens Colleges, p, 14
Parnell Indemnity Fund 1889. Subscribers, Durrus, Kilcrohane, West Cork., 2023
Many of those listed had been or their families involved in politics going back to the Anti Tithe... more Many of those listed had been or their families involved in politics going back to the Anti Tithe Campaign, Repeal The Land War and were to feature afterwards. Many are part of extended family networks. Many of those listed were afterwards heavily involved in politics and local administration. There are quite a number of Church of Ireland and Methodist subscribers. This is consistent with reports that the Durrus Protestant joined in a rent strike on the Estate of the Earl of Bandon in 1880. The were described by Wheeler Doherty, Bandon solicitor and Lord Bandon’s Land Agent as ‘More like savages than human beings’
Update of earlier paper with new entries and additional information. Includes some students of the various Irish Colleges on the Continent. A detailed search by parish of Maziere Brady's history of the Dioceses oif Cork and Ross would surely yield many more.
Update of earlier paper with new entries and additional information. Includes some students of t... more Update of earlier paper with new entries and additional information. Includes some students of the various Irish Colleges on the Continent. A detailed search by parish of Maziere Brady's history of the Dioceses oif Cork and Ross would surely yield many more.
1905 The O’Dalys of Muintiravara, Kilcrohane, West Cork, by Dominick Daly, Barrister of The Inner Temple London., 2023
In relation to Dominick Daly’s history his legal training made him careful where possible to rely... more In relation to Dominick Daly’s history his legal training made him careful where possible to rely on verifiable and primary documentary sources. A lot of this will come as a surprise to family members. Such as the descent of the O’Dalys from Niall of the Nine Hostages as do quite a number of West Cork families such as the Crowleys, Gallaghers, Hegartys, O’Donnells, O’Neills.
He was descended from James Daly who died in 1776 in Carrigtwohill a trader and landowner and was locally regarded as head of the Sept and claimed ownership of the family tomb in Kilcrohane he in turn was the grandson of Cornelius Cam O’Daly, Chieftain of the Sept in the 17th century. HIs son James established the successful Daly Distillery in Cork about 1820.
He put it himself aptly ‘These fragmentary records and memoirs will not survive my lifetime if I did not make an effort to preserve them for posterity. Hence this production of 50 copies.
1905 The O’Dalys of Muinteiravara, West Cork, by Dominick Daly of The Inner Temple London.
Background, p. 1
1905 History, p.2-41
Probate, Kings Inns Entrym, p. 42
Dalys Distillery, Cork, p. 42-44
West Cork Daly clusters, p. 44
Marriage Licence Bonds, p. 44
TCD admission, p. 46
Daly Cork Magistrates, p. 47
Memorials of Daly Deeds, p. 47
In memory of Vincent Daly, businessman and genealogist of the O’Daly family of Dromnea, Kilcrohane. Vincent spent an enormous amount of time tracking worldwide their descendants and comparing their DNA. He had got back as far as 1740.
1940. Funeral of Mrs Nannie Burke, (1877-1940) Skibbereen, West Cork., 2023
1940. Death of Mrs Nannie Burke, Skibbereen, She Belonged to old Native Stock of her Father Timot... more 1940. Death of Mrs Nannie Burke, Skibbereen, She Belonged to old Native Stock of her Father Timothy O'Donovan of the Stuaci O'Donovans. Niece of Tim Hurley of famous Castleview Evictions.
The huge detail of those attending her funeral and that of her brother Daniel O’Donovan in 1895 enable a teasing out of family networks, local power structures and changing times.
Her obituary states that she was of old native stock of the O'Donovan Stuaci Sept. Her brother Bantry solicitor Daniel O’Donovan died in 1895 at the age of 26 was described as being of one of the most respectable families of the district. Phrases often used in these types of funeral are ‘long tailed families’
Introduction, p.1
Politics, p.2
Marriage patterns, p. 3
Funeral 1940, p. 4-19
Eviction of Tim Hurley (Mrs. Burke's uncle) 1886, Castleview Mills, Clonakilty, p.19-25
1985 funeral of Mrs. Burke brother Daniel O’Donovn, Bantry solicitor, p.26-34, 44-52
It is believed that the Notter family of German Protestant Rhineland origin arrived in the genera... more It is believed that the Notter family of German Protestant Rhineland origin arrived in the general Crookhaven area in the early 17th century.
Until the great road from Skibbereen to Crookhavan was built by Sir Richard In the 1820s Crookhaven was only connected to the rest of Irealand by a rough packhorse trail. However, since the early 17th century it was one one of the world busiest shipping routes.
That part of the Mizen Peninsula was from around 1600 under the de facto control of Richard Boyle, the Great Earl of Cork, the Hulls of Lemcon Castle Schull and their local allies the Coughlans of Carrigmanus who turned Protestant after falling out with their overlords the O’Mahonys.
Interestingly in the early 19th century there were various property transactions for the area around Crookhavn between the Notters and Lord Riversdale and the Tonsons who are part of the extended Hull family of Schull. Introduction, p.1
1799 Cork Supporters of the Act of Union Between Ireland and Great Britain, 2023
An update of earlier draft paper. Where possible a listing of those who signed. Still to come a... more An update of earlier draft paper. Where possible a listing of those who signed. Still to come a detailed look at the 45 Church of Ireland regular clergy and additional information awaited on other from other sources: General Introduction, 2
Church of Ireland, p. 4
Commercial, p. 5
East India Company, p. 6
Catholic Converts, p. 6
Catholic Survivors Penal Laws, 6
Revenue Officials, p. 6
Lawyers, p. 9
Huguenots, p. 9
Doctors, p.9
Magistrates, p. 7
Lord Shandon (Ignatius O’Brien) former Lord Chancellor, criticism of the Magistrates, p. 10
Proselytising and Evangelical links, p.10, 162-
Belfast Newsletter Article, p. 10-19
Listing 20-161
Appendix 1, p. 162-179
Of around 415 listed here, in the first instalment there are about 150 where details of the individuals are given. Where they are from a landed background detail of how the estate came about are given with some genealogical information. This relies heavily on earlier work in The Magistrates of Cork and The Cork Grand Jury. At the culmination of this process it is intended to list those indicating those who assisted together with institutions and sources.
Of approximately 415 of those listed, including 15 Lords, Bishops, 80 are Magistrates, 32 Clergy of the Church of Ireland excluding Bishops who are at the top table with the Nobles. Also 5 of a medical background, 7 legals.
Early Doctors and Apothecaries (Chemists), Cork City and County
Somewhat to my surprise this listing attracts huge international attention.. Last year over 10% ... more Somewhat to my surprise this listing attracts huge international attention.. Last year over 10% of new entries added to about 4,700. In the 19th century the Irish Dispensary Doctor was one of the unsung heroes. Working long hours e for small money always promoting public health by trying to remove dung hills in urban areas trying to get clean water, basic c sewage pushing vaccination. Because of their various religious, political and other interests you can track local movements. Often they headed up Agricultural shows, regattas, committees of ploughing championship and other local enterprises. Included here apart from individual updates also are extracts from the UCC database of medical students from the old Queens College Cork and UCC who went on to serve as doctors in WW1. From the early 20 th century women make an appearance.
Joseph Devonsher Jackson, (1783-1857), MP for Bandon , High Court Judge, 2023
The various obituaries refer to his tenure as a Judge in complementary fashion, Like many before... more The various obituaries refer to his tenure as a Judge in complementary fashion, Like many before him he discarded his sectarian and Orange baggage on entering the 4 Courts as a newly appointed Irish Judge in 1842 and in the long tradition of Irish Judges gave a fair and impartial hearing to those who appeared before him. It would seem that in the criminal cases he was lenient in sentencing.
The 1835 Banadon election is noteworthy for the tiny size of the electorate. He won He fought the 1835 election for Bandon bridge perceived as the nominee of the Orange faction getting 111 votes against James Redmond Barry, the Liberal who got 79
Kildare Place Society, p.2
Chairman of Co. Derry, p.11
Daniel O’Connell’s apprehensions, p.13
Conservative speech at Bandon, p. 14
James Redmond Barry, opponent at 1835 Bandonbridge election, p.23
Levee for Protestant Clergy, Bandon, p.27
Anti Jackson pamphlet, p.29
Support for the National Agricultural Movement, p.29
Appointment as Judge of Common Pleas. p.30
Support for Rev. Fisher’s proselytising mission at Altar, Mizen and other subscribers, p.32
From the mid 19th century in rural Ireland events such as Regattas, Agricultural Shows, Ploughin... more From the mid 19th century in rural Ireland events such as Regattas, Agricultural Shows, Ploughing Championships were and are still are popular. What is of interest are the organising committees composed of local ‘big shots’. In these cases nearly all men, parking their political and religious differences for the objective of having a successful show.
In relation to agricultural shows, many of the 19th century winners have families who in the 21st century are still active in stock breeding and emerging as prize winners.
Arising from a report in the Skibbereen Eagle listing parishes coming out against Charles Stewar... more Arising from a report in the Skibbereen Eagle listing parishes coming out against Charles Stewart Parnell, leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party a look at some of those involved. The influence locally of the Catholic Church on political organisation.
A drop in the ocean relative to the intensity of the Land War in West Cork. It concentrates on re... more A drop in the ocean relative to the intensity of the Land War in West Cork. It concentrates on reported prosecutions in the Skibbereen Eagle 1892-1891 with soe information on some of the Landlords, Resident Magistrates and Lawyers.
1868 Lament in Irish for James Beamish, died aged 18, Leathanach, (Lahana House), Drinagh., 2022
1868 Lament by Donnacha Ó Sullleabháin in Irish for James Beamish, died aged 18, Leathanach, (Lah... more 1868 Lament by Donnacha Ó Sullleabháin in Irish for James Beamish, died aged 18, Leathanach, (Lahana House), Drinagh.
Re Peadar Ó hAnnracháin, (11873-1985). Peadar was a wonderful Conradh na Gaeilge organiser throughout a number of counties including Cork and he wrote several books as Gaeilge. He also wrote on the Southern Star as ‘Cois Life’ in the 1940s and 1950s. In that period he worked in the Pigs and Bacon Commission in Dublin. The column often wandered over long lost history, family relationships and there was a touch of the ‘Seanachaí’ about them. The daughter of the Gaelic Scholar, landowner and businessman in Ballydehob Thomas Swanton, Crianlarich, gave him her father’s papers. One of 13 children, 10 of whom survived and the majority emigrated. In his Cois Life column there are often paragraphs or sentences referring to long past events. Often in enquiry they reveal a huge amount about local conditions. This is one such. Quite unusual for a lament in Irish to be written about the death of a Landlords son. The Beamish were small landlords and probably close enough to their tenants probably bi lingual. The Church of Ireland Parish of Drinagh hit controversy some years when the Minister Anderson who was a Protestant Home Ruler was in effect boycotted by most of his congregation.
Jeremiah Joseph Callanan, Cork Poet, (1795-1829), 2022
JJ James (Jeremiah) Joseph Callanan, 1786 died Lisbon 1829, Cork Poet bridging Gaelic Ireland wit... more JJ James (Jeremiah) Joseph Callanan, 1786 died Lisbon 1829, Cork Poet bridging Gaelic Ireland with Irish Literature in English. Details of the extended Callanan medical family of Cork and Clonakilty in the 18th and 19th century.
Drimoleague and Drinagh, West Cork Townlands by Jeremiah O’Mahoney 1953
A copy of an article by Jeremiah O'Mahony in the Southern Star in 1953. Most townlands in the ar... more A copy of an article by Jeremiah O'Mahony in the Southern Star in 1953. Most townlands in the area are Irish in origin and typically accurately described the local landscape. Multiple variations are translated into English but are meaningless except to those from the area. As well as the official townlands there are multiple sub-townlands well known locally.
Early records of college entrants from 1480 from West Cork. Only scratchig the surface. Early s... more Early records of college entrants from 1480 from West Cork. Only scratchig the surface. Early stage draft.
Uploads
Papers by pat crowley
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Schull and Skibbereen Workhouses, p. 11
Bandon, p. 11
Bantry, p. 15
Bantry Famine/Workhouse, Dr. Geraldine Powell, p. 21
Castletownbere, p. 23
Clonakilty, p. 26
Dunmanway and famine conditions p. 32
Kinsale, p. 41
Schull/Skull and famine conditions, p. 44
Skibbereen, p. 48
From Wexford Workhouses, p. 52
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Schull and Skibbereen Workhouses, p. 11
Bandon, p. 11
Bantry, p. 15
Bantry Famine/Workhouse, Dr. Geraldine Powell, p. 21
Castletownbere, p. 23
Clonakilty, p. 26
Dunmanway and famine conditions p. 32
Kinsale, p. 41
Schull/Skull and famine conditions, p. 44
Skibbereen, p. 48
From Wexford Workhouses, p. 52
This can be viewed as a once off part of a series if regular such subscriptions of those mostly but sometime including LIberal Protestant seeking equality of treatment, It can also be viewed as a other in a series of small incremental signs of a latent feeling of inferior treatment by the dominant class and living in a de facto colony. The ember were to explode in 1916 and culminated in the Treaty after the conclusion of the Anglo Irish War. So the greatest part of the island secured what was to become full independence.
No surprise that it featured on page one Thomas Crosbie, whose family controlled the Cork Examiner is listed. The newspaper from foundation was strongly nationalistic.
The subscription list in itself is somewhat ironic being addressed to Dr. Croke the Co. Cork born Archbishop of Casel, a staunch nationalist. HIs mother Isabella Plummer a Protestant. It is probably that quite a number signing would have Protestant ancestry. Likewise quite a number of Irish Protestant could have Gaelic or Norman ancestry. The wealthier conforming because of the Penal Laws to retain land ownership or remain in the legal profession. Most often religion change occured on intermarriage.
Archbishop Croke, p.2
Requisition to Dr. Croke, p. 4
Breakdown of some of those listed, p. 6
Thomas Crosbie, whose family controlled the Cork Examiner, p. 7
West Cork Listings, p. 10
Cork Magistrates Listed, p. 24
Lawyer listings, p. 28
Doctor listings, p. 30
1762 The Catholics of Cork Come out of the shadows, p. 32
Catholic Grievances, p. 34
Memoirs of James Stanley Vickery, 1830s, written c 1889 Australia, Vickery Household, Mollogh, Parish of Durrus, p. 1
William Warner Vickery and Wlizabeth Wofle from Bantry to Evansville, Indiana memoir Rooska, Reendonegan 1840s Bantry, p. 2
Mary Isabella Kingston, NT, Corraun National School. Myross, Recipes 1914., p. 3
Memoirs of Ignatious O’Brien, Lord Shandon, Lord Chancellor of Ireland re food in Cork, p. 6
The Petty Sessions handled the bulk of lesser legal cases, both criminal and civil. They were presided over by Justices of the Peace, who were unpaid and often without any formal legal training. The position did not have a wage, so the role was usually taken by those with their own income – in practice usually prominent landowners or gentlemen. Justice was pronounced summarily at these courts, in other words, without a jury.
Cases of a more serious nature, which did require a jury, were held at the Quarter Sessions, which, as the name suggests were held four times a year. The most serious cases, those like murder or treason that carried the death penalty, were presided over by at least one legally trained judge at assizes held twice a year in circuit. The jury courts used a system known as a commission of Oyer and Terminer, a Norman French phrase meaning To See and To Judge. There were two juries, a Grand Jury who assessed the strength of the prosecution evidence, and the trial jury, who would hear the case if the Grand Jury had decided the case was strong enough to go forward to trial.
At the lower levels though, justice was summary and swift. The Petty Sessions, which sat daily, weekly or monthly, depending on the volume of cases, often saw controversial judgements. Every court had a clerk, whose job it was to record the details of each case in a register. It is those registers you are looking at in these records. The clerks also collected any fees from those involved in the cases.
The Petty Sessions were formally established with legislation in 1827, although they had been in operation for centuries before that. By 1851, amid growing concerns about the fairness of some of the justices of the peace, the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act sought to tighten up the rules. JPs were gradually replaced by trained and paid magistrates as the 19th century went on.
Covering both civil and criminal cases, the Petty Sessions’ brief was wide. Cases ranged from merchants who had not paid duty on their goods, to workers suing for unpaid wages. Farmers were fined for letting their cattle wander or for allowing their cart to be driven without their name painted on the side. Debts were collected and disputes settled. Public drunkenness was a common offence, as was assault and general rowdiness. Political feelings were often volatile and there are frequent cases all over the country of people charged with putting up seditious posters or leaflets.
1836 Arms Licences West Cork religion of holders, p. 3
Breakdown of weaponry, p. 4
Listing and background to some of those holding licences, p. 5-53
1798 Pistol Robbery, p. 57
The Lost World of the Flemings of Oldcourt, Reenmurragha, Skibbereen, West Cork, Where, ‘All The Famous Horsemen Met..With Their Fowling Pieces..The Gentry of Rosscarbery Met.. Song in Lionel Fleming’s Book, Head or Harp., p. 53
Gunmakers List Cork, p. 53
1823 Orangemen march to Methodist Church armed with pistol swords, p. 54
Pistols in Skibbereen tithe war?, p. 56
Magistrates grants of licences to keep arms in Bandon 1832, p. 57
Pistols in Skibbereen, p. 57
RIC Ballineen 1840, 1840 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Carter Hall, p. 58
1848 Vickery Gun Certificate to hold arms in Dwelling House, p. 58
1859. Military Enquiry into Activities of Co. Antrim Militia into Alleged Orange Riots Pre 12th July at Kinsale Co. Cork. 1,077 Panes of Glass Broken, Houses of 20 Protestants and 700 Catholics Attacked, 100 Militia Men Brandishing Bayonets, p. 59
Memoir of Sam Bird, b 1871- Bandon re hunting, p. 60
This is largely the area covered by the various Baronies of West Cork including small areas of the Baronies of Muskerry being part of the hinterland of Bandon and Macroom. Really the area west of the river Bandon including Innishannon bounded by the sea and the high ground in the Baronies Muskerry and with the Sheehy Mountains as going over Cousane Gap.
This is a rough estimate in relation to the religious breakdown. Re surnames here are in fact quite a number of Protestants with Gaelic surnames in the greater Bandon are like Sullivan/O’Sullivan, Cotter and like Daly/Dealy, Murphy in Bantry, Daly in Dunmanway. The odd time there will be a Catholic with a Planter surname. Since the Bandon plantations post 1590s West ~cork had a significant Protestant population. However by 1836 the collapse of the textile industry and the outworking system where the Bandon clothiers outsourced the weaving of cloth to smallholders disproportionately affected poor Protestae. Widespread emigration to Canada, England and America commenced. Bandon weavers were begging as far west as Goleen. Without doing a detaisle parish analysis of the 1831 census it is not possible to say what the protest population was, perhaps 15%.
The arms distribution could be looked at a a sign of Protestant insecurity post plantation. There were frequent uprisings, tithe wars and the worst fears were realised by the IRA murders of Protestants in the Bandon Valley in April 1922.
It is worth looking at the militarisation of the area. Post 1650 at different stages there were English/British military barracks at Bandon, Bantry, Castletownbere, Clonakilty, Dunmanway, Durrus, Kinsale, Innishannon, Rosscarbery, Skibbereen. After the attempted French landing in Bantry Bay in 1796 the area was flooded with British Regiments and Irish regiments and militia.
For areas near barracks which had Church of Ireland registers which survive, they record many marriages between young soldiers and local women, many of whom have Gaelic surnames. It is not clear whether they were Protestant or the marriages were performed in Protestant churches as the validity of Catholic marriages was at best questionable under the Penal Laws. It also means that from the 17th century there was a significant infusion of Irish blood into the English working class.
Currently as far as I know the only military installation in West Cork is the firing range used by the Irish Defence forces on Bere Island.
1840 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Carter Hall toured Ireland and visited the then new Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) barracks at Ballineen (Ballyneen). There is a graphic description of the weapons being polished by the young RIC men in their sleeping quarters. Ireadln was heavily policed by a paramilitary force. Over 90,000 Irish men served in the RIC, the majority Catholics but the officers were mainly Protestant. The number service in small villages and towns was staggering but of course they ew-were the eyes and ears of Dublin Castle as evidenced by the monthly District Inspectors reports which can be viewed in the British ... read on
John Hamilton White, p. 3
Thomas Eccles, p. 3
Dr. Armstrong. 3
1845, John Coughlan of Crookhaven, West Cork Owner of Whaler ‘The Wild Irish Girl’ Rescues Schooner British America (Canada) ‘Exile’, p.4
C 1850 Bantry Businessman John O’Connell owner whaler, p. 4
1851 Many Whale Boats Belong to Crookhaven, p. 5
1861 The Pioneer of Richmond, USA, and Cargo, Cork Admiralty Court. Two whale boats belonging to Mr. Notter, of Crookhaven, p. 6
1862 Whale Landed on Dunmanus Bay near the Residence of James O'Callaghan, J.P. , p. 6
1864. For Sale A First Class Whaleboat, Apply H. Justice, Ballydehob, West Cork., p. 6
1891 Isaac Notter, Crookhaven, will, probate 1891. Whaleboat, p. 6
Newspaper Accounts whaleboats Crookhaven, p. 8
The 1910 is a Catholic wedding, again a very detailed listing of those in attendance and the presents. Despite the immense deprivation of many in the general district from the early 19ht century there was a thriving Catholic and Protestant middle class of professionals and merchants and this accelerated post 1922 particularly for Catholics.
1893, 1910 Skibbereen Weddings, Guests, Presents.
Hilderard Augusta Somerville, Castletownshend, to Egerton B. Coghill, p. 4
.
Presents, p. 8
1893 Henrietta Reeves Fleming, Newcourt, Skibbereen, the Rev. Haythornthwaite, p.14
Brides presents, p. 20
Bridegrooms presents, 27
A Pretty Wedding Jennings/Hayes, Skibbereen, 1910. Presents and Donors Listed, p.27
Daniel O'Sullivan, Cameatringen, Berehaven, Co. Cork, 1814, Died On Passage from Bristol Where he Had Been for the Recovery of His Health, D. O'Sullivan, Cameatringen, Berehaven, Co. Cork, First Catholic Appointed Magistrate since Reign of Queen Anne, Captain of Berehaven Loyal Infantry, Descended From One of The Princely Branches of O'Sullivan Beare. O'Sullivan, Daniel (1758/61?–1814), middleman and magistrate, was second son of Daniel O'Sullivan and his wife Honora, daughter of Morgan O'Connell (1739–1809) of Carhen, Cahirciveen, Co. Kerry, and therefore first cousin to Daniel O'Connell (qv). On his father's side he was grandnephew to Morty (Murtagh) Óg O'Sullivan, a smuggler shot at Eyries, Co. Kerry, while resisting arrest for homicide in 1754. The family resided in Caretringane House, Castletownbere, Co. Kerry, and leased a sizeable property in the Coulagh area on the Eyre estate. Their uncle's fate did not deter the family from the smuggling tradition, though the French traveller Coquebert de Montbret commented on the social pretensions of the family in 1791. Following the death (c.1796) of his elder brother, John, Daniel was vested with administration of the estate until his nephew, Morty O'Sullivan (d. 1825), should come of age. In December 1796, when French vessels belonging to the expeditionary force under Gen. Lazare Hoche (1766–97) were observed anchored off Bere Island, O'Sullivan with great alacrity initiated a state of emergency in the district, ordering his tenants to drive cattle inland and to conceal provisions in the event of a French landing. Having posted a large number of tenants to watch the coast for the next eleven days, he took prisoner the crew of a French longboat reconnoitring the beaches and rushed them for interrogation to the nearest British garrison in Bantry. O'Sullivan was applauded for his loyalty, made captain of the Berehaven loyal infantry corps of yeomanry, and presented with the freedom of Cork city – the first catholic to receive the honour since the early 1700s. Recommended to the commission of the peace by the county governors, he was the first catholic to be made a magistrate in Co. Cork since the early 1700s.
In recognition of his part at the time of the attempted French Invasion at Bantry Bay in 1796.
The Magistrates were drawn from the ranks of the Landlords or their agents. Many had a well deserved reputation of being sectarian and partisan so slowly the British administration introduced Resident Magistrates initial former RIC inspectors to retired British army officers. Edith Somervill ‘The Irish RM probably accurately depicts the. None of the Magistrates had any legal training, a situation that still pertains in England. The situation improved towards the end of the 19th century as many of th RM were either barristers or solicitors.
This was part of the radical overhaul of the Irish Justice system post Independence ebay the Free State Government.
They abolished the Magistrates who still sit in Northern Ireland, This was praised by the former Lord Chancellor Ignatious O’Brien, (Baron Shandon 1857-1930).
When the lord chancellor, Redmond John Barry, retired in 1913 O'Brien was appointed to the vacant post. While he was a hard worker he was neither diplomatic nor forceful enough to be truly effective, and was notorious for his long-winded and self-important judgments. His judicial philosophy favoured sweeping aside precedent and technicalities in favour of substantive justice as he saw it; hence he was on good terms with Peter O'Brien (qv), though he disapproved of his politics, and at odds with Christopher Palles (qv), though he acknowledged Palles's eminence as a jurist. He greatly enjoyed the social side of his office and the ceremonies and amusements of the viceregal court.
O'Brien was nearly ousted as lord chancellor in 1915 in favour of James Campbell (qv) by the first coalition government – his removal was also sought by T. M. Healy and William O'Brien (qv) (1852–1928) – but was retained after a public outcry orchestrated by the Redmondites, which threatened to affect American public opinion.
He expressed guarded optimism for the future of the Irish Free State, and admired the government of W. T. Cosgrave (qv), praising such decisions as the replacement of JPs by paid district justices and the creation of an unarmed police force. He emerges from its pages as a sensitive and somewhat neurotic meritocrat, haunted at the sufferings inflicted
This commenced with a request to assist in giving background on the Love family of West Cork in particular ‘The addresses listed for the Loves are Donegal, Goleen & Enaghhouchter Schull. It developed into something more significant trying to portray the lot of the poorer Protestant in the Mizen Durrus area in the late 18th and early 19th century. White the focus is on the Mizen area and other Co. Cork Loves fear=ture. The anime does not appear on banners History of Bandon and his listing of the post 1590s planters. However there are memorials of a Love family in Bandon mud 17th century who appear reasonably prosperous. Also a sampling of marriage records for the Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts involving Love family members from the mid 19th century to the late 19th century shows the interaction with other families.
Introduction, p. 2
Travellers, Visitors, p. 6
Love Wills Cork, p. 11
Local Protestant Population, p. 8
Marriage Records Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts, p. 8
C 1830 Tithe Applotments. Townlands on Mizen measured in Gneeves, p. 12
Updated Clothiers, Flax, Linen, Textiles, Weaving, West Cork, Bandon, p. 13
Valuation Office Records Mizen, p.13
Huguenot Marriages, p. 14
Schull Burials, p. 14
Emigration from West Cork, Rochester, NY, The Croston's of Bradford and Haverhill Massachusetts, p. 16
Funerals St. Luke and St. Simon Cyrene Episcopal Church, Rochester, p. 16
Marriage Licence Bonds, probably mostly not West Cork, p. 16
Marriages, p. 18
Marriages, Schull, p. 18
One Catholic marriage to McCarthy, p. 18
Skibbereen from 1852, p. 24
Selected Deaths Schull District, p. 25
Bantry, p. 28
Selected Deaths Schull District 1882-1899, p. 25
Royal Irish Constabulary, p. 30
1893 Anti Home Rule Meeting, Skibbereen, p. 31
1897 Juror, p. 32
Royal Navy service: Also mention of Captain Love who landed in Crookhaven in 1601, p.
33
Bandon Memorials, p. 34
Newspaper Extracts, p. 35
Appendix 1, Love Sullivan/O'Sullivan Descendants, p. 43-60
However every time Alexandr O’Driscoll appears in a newspaper report it throws light not only on his own venality but on the atrocious condition endured by the majority of the population, In a mixed religious area there were also many poor Protestants.
Those listed are described as noblemen and gentlemen. Not strictly accurate even here. One benefit of independence is there are no more meetings of noblemen and gentlemen.
Of those 72 listed, around 37 are landlords or their land agent, Payne in Bantry for the White Estate, Swanston in Bandon for the Devonshire estate.some with enormous holding, some like Bantry businessman John O’Connell comparatively small holdings.
From the early 19th century falling rents and arrears of rent payments by middlemen further strained the finances of the estate. On some estates management and legal expenses were reckoned at 30% of gross rental.
A certain amount of fractiousness was observed in 1822 ‘the magistrates in the south can scarcely ever be prevailed upon to act together from their entertaining so many petty jealousies and animosities towards each other’
Then succeeding decades would not be kind to Landlords. The encumbered estates court, landed estates court in effect enabling lands heaving mortgaged to the dry cleaned and clear title given to the purchaser. The Land Wars of the 1880s destroyed any landlords and tenant relationships that may have existed.
Re the transfer of Land, the Irish Land commission transferred nearly 14.5 million acres from the Landed Estates to the tenant almost 70% of the landmass of the Island of Ireland.
By my reckoning this was probably the largest voluntary land transfer in world history. It was motivated by the concept of killing Home Rule by Kindness.
From around 1895 if the Estate was willing to sell the Land Commission offered market value with a premium of 25% for selling on a voluntary basis. By that time most estates were distressed and they were only too willing to sell.
They had to produce legal title to the satisfaction of the Land Commission Law Officer. As a consequence there are 12.5 million documents stored in a warehouse in Portlaoise. Many of these are certified copies of records the originals of which were destroyed in the Public Records Office in 1922.
Religion
In terms of the religions make up there are 9 Church of Ireland clergyman some of whom are magistrates. Many of the senior Church of Ireladn clergy enjoyed a bountiful element of opulence, one of those listed her Rev. Mountyford/Mountifort Longfield, Castigated by Daniel O’Connell for abusing a sinecure in Kerry (Kilcrohane, £400 per annum) drawing a clerical salary of £960 for administering to 80 church attending Protestant paid by the tithes of 6,008 Catholics in the Parish. These clerics often subcontracted their duties to ill paid curates who often supplemented their income by preparing boys for college of various British military occupations.
National Religious Breakdown of Magistrates:
Palmer, though his work is primarily focused on the police and police magistrates, lists just 285 Catholic Magistrates in the mid-1830s, leaving some 2,085 Protestant Justices, eighty-nine per cent of the total number of individuals in the Commission of the Peace. This uneven religious distribution was further investigated in an 1835 commission investigating the number of Magistrate clergy the results of which showed some 177 Protestant clergy Magistrates and no Catholic clergy.
There are 7 Catholic clergy listed, 4 parish Priests and 4 curates. It is unlikely prior to 1835 that such a public meeting would have such a representation. However the Catholic clergy were to the fore in West Cork in using their organisation skill to have the hated tithes
.....
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Griffiths report to Parliament 1828, p.3
An earlier account 1819 of the Mizen peninsula, Eliza (Dizzie) Townsend (Mrs. Lionel Fleming), p.4
Rev. Caesar Otway 1831, p.5
Projected Bandon to Bantry Railway 1845, p.6
Appeal to Sir Robert Peel to make Bantry a packet station, p.7
Courthouse meeting Dunmanway re projected railway, p.9
Report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations background, p.10
Extracts re West Cork report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations, p.12
Thomas Hungerford, Inspector Coastguards, family background, p.29
Emigration from Cork 1847-1850, p.34
Anthony Marmion author The Ancient and Modern History of the Maratime Ports of Ireland, p. 35
Crookhaven, p.36
Berehaven, p.41
Dunbeacon/Dunmanus, p.51
Viscount Bernard/Lord Bandon, p.55
1847 Report a memorial presented to the Lords of the Admiralty with regard to the Harbours and Lighthouses of Co. Cork, p.59
1863. Julius Reuter and William Siemens and the South-Western of Ireland Telegraph Company, Linking Cork to Crookhaven by Telegraph and British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, Cork to Cape Clear, p.59
The start of the Communication Revolution, Picture of ‘The Atlantic Telegraph Cable Fleet’ at Berehaven, Bantry Bay, 28th July 1866, held at Cable and Wireless Archive, p.59
Bere Island British Naval Base, p.61
Introduction
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over short channels. Here, in the 1851 report, however, what is contemplated is what port on the west coast of Ireland would be suitable for vessels going or coming to America.
The introduction of steam engines changed everything and competition with the Americans also. The level of technical detail considered in making their choice is fascinating. Then 8 years later they laid the first transatlantic cable for communication across the Atlantic from Valentia. That put the packet station to bed.
In terms of the earlier background you have a paradox, from the late 17th century West Cork was just off some of the main shipping lines in the world. At the same time transport links even to Cork were limited. By the end of the 18th century reasonable roads connected the main towns to Cork some had been built as turnpikes, an early version of tolled .... Click here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FLpxJZX0PnDg1V5F-H2WgxlyseAUS5QfrDZqrhJ7CpM/edit
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over short channels. Here, in the 1851 report, however, what is contemplated is what port on the west coast of Ireland would be suitable for vessels going or coming to America.
The introduction of steam engines changed everything and competition with the Americans also. The level of technical detail considered in making their choice is fascinating. Then 8 years later they laid the first transatlantic cable for communication across the Atlantic from Valentia. That put the packet station to bed.
In terms of the earlier background you have a paradox, from the late 17th century West Cork was just off some of the main shipping lines in the world. At the same time transport links even to Cork were limited. By the end of the 18th century reasonable roads connected the main towns to Cork some had been built as turnpikes, an early version of tolled motorways. However on the peninsulas until Sir Richard Griffith completed the road from Skibbereeen to CXrookhaven c 1828 wheeled carts were unknown. Roads on the Muintervara peninsula were in a poor enough condition until the late 1840s. On the Beara Peninsula as late as the 1980s the local TD Paddy Sheehan christened the road from Glengarriff to Castletownbere ‘Burma Trail;’ huge improvements have been made but there's still about 15 km of very poor road.
What commenced as a look at the Parliamentary Report into packet stations broadened out to reflect technological changes and the strategic importance of this isolated one one sense part of Europe while simultaneously being very much to the fore in advanced technology.
1851 Proposed West Cork Packet Stations General Background.
The file is too large for Academicia so if you click the link you will access the Google Document:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FLpxJZX0PnDg1V5F-H2WgxlyseAUS5QfrDZqrhJ7CpM/edit
Introduction, p.1
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Griffiths report to Parliament 1828, p.3
An earlier account 1819 of the Mizen peninsula, Eliza (Dizzie) Townsend (Mrs. Lionel Fleming), p.4
Rev. Caesar Otway 1831, p.5
Projected Bandon to Bantry Railway 1845, p.6
Appeal to Sir Robert Peel to make Bantry a packet station, p.7
Courthouse meeting Dunmanway re projected railway, p.9
Report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations background, p.10
Extracts re West Cork report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations, p.12
Thomas Hungerford, Inspector Coastguards, family background, p.29
Emigration from Cork 1847-1850, p.34
Anthony Marmion author The Ancient and Modern History of the Maratime Ports of Ireland, p. 35
Crookhaven, p.36
Berehaven, p.41
Dunbeacon/Dunmanus, p.51
Viscount Bernard/Lord Bandon, p.55
1847 Report a memorial presented to the Lords of the Admiralty with regard to the Harbours and Lighthouses of Co. Cork, p.59
1863. Julius Reuter and William Siemens and the South-Western of Ireland Telegraph Company, Linking Cork to Crookhaven by Telegraph and British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, Cork to Cape Clear, p.59
The start of the Communication Revolution, Picture of ‘The Atlantic Telegraph Cable Fleet’ at Berehaven, Bantry Bay, 28th July 1866, held at Cable and Wireless Archive, p.59
Bere Island British Naval Base, p.61
Ireland did not have colonies but was in the peculiar position of both being a colony and Irish people both Catholic and Protestant of all classes being complicit in slavery. This was not just with the English but with all colonial powers. Dr. Ohlmeyer cites a number of examples, the Danes had a small colony in the West Indies but no commercial network to sell the sugar from the slave plantations. Apparently their Lutheran religion proved no barriers to using Irish Catholic merchant networks on the Continent to sell their sugar. The Irish Catholic Caroll family had extensive plantation in Maryland and slaves. Charles Carroll of the family signed the American Declaration of Independence.
Richard Boyle the Great Earl of Cork acquired much of the land granted to Phane Beecher around Bandon. The iron from his works were used to bribe African Chiefs to sell their own people into slavery. The McCalmont family of Co. Derry had extensive plantations in Barbados and multiple slaves. when slavery was abolished. From the compensation they received they invested in West London real estate and initially leased Mount Juliet in Co. Kilkenny from the Butler family eventually acquired it outright.
The Munster ports ( like Bristol ) were heavily involved in the Atlantic 'Triangular Trade' and that was explicitly tied into securing and transporting slaves, and dealing in the products that then came from their work....cotton, indigo, rice, sugar and molasses etc. Of course Munster butter, bacon and beef ( the Provisions Trade) partly went to feed those enslaved too. Behind all were the investments, security on loans and profits coming back. The big houses, fine streets, public buildings and squares didn't only come from Irish rents! There is no getting away from widespread complicity.
Dr. Ohlmeyer makes the point that work on the colonial archives of The Netherlands, France, Portugal and Spain has only begun and it is probable that many more Irish Connections will surface.
Fane Becher was granted over 12,000 acres in county Cork, p.1
The English Caribbees in the Period of the Civil War, 1642-1646, p. 2
St. Kitts in 1639 arrived penniless one Phance Beecher, p.7
Slaving, Tobacco, Sugar, the Irish Connections from Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, p. 10
Beecher Magistrates, West Cork, p. 12-19
Beecher/Becher Landed Estates, p. 19
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Schull and Skibbereen Workhouses, p. 11
Bandon, p. 11
Bantry, p. 15
Bantry Famine/Workhouse, Dr. Geraldine Powell, p. 21
Castletownbere, p. 23
Clonakilty, p. 26
Dunmanway and famine conditions p. 32
Kinsale, p. 41
Schull/Skull and famine conditions, p. 44
Skibbereen, p. 48
From Wexford Workhouses, p. 52
Workhouses, the Famine in Skibbereen, p. 1
Video made about the Schull and Skibbereen Workhouses, p. 11
Bandon, p. 11
Bantry, p. 15
Bantry Famine/Workhouse, Dr. Geraldine Powell, p. 21
Castletownbere, p. 23
Clonakilty, p. 26
Dunmanway and famine conditions p. 32
Kinsale, p. 41
Schull/Skull and famine conditions, p. 44
Skibbereen, p. 48
From Wexford Workhouses, p. 52
This can be viewed as a once off part of a series if regular such subscriptions of those mostly but sometime including LIberal Protestant seeking equality of treatment, It can also be viewed as a other in a series of small incremental signs of a latent feeling of inferior treatment by the dominant class and living in a de facto colony. The ember were to explode in 1916 and culminated in the Treaty after the conclusion of the Anglo Irish War. So the greatest part of the island secured what was to become full independence.
No surprise that it featured on page one Thomas Crosbie, whose family controlled the Cork Examiner is listed. The newspaper from foundation was strongly nationalistic.
The subscription list in itself is somewhat ironic being addressed to Dr. Croke the Co. Cork born Archbishop of Casel, a staunch nationalist. HIs mother Isabella Plummer a Protestant. It is probably that quite a number signing would have Protestant ancestry. Likewise quite a number of Irish Protestant could have Gaelic or Norman ancestry. The wealthier conforming because of the Penal Laws to retain land ownership or remain in the legal profession. Most often religion change occured on intermarriage.
Archbishop Croke, p.2
Requisition to Dr. Croke, p. 4
Breakdown of some of those listed, p. 6
Thomas Crosbie, whose family controlled the Cork Examiner, p. 7
West Cork Listings, p. 10
Cork Magistrates Listed, p. 24
Lawyer listings, p. 28
Doctor listings, p. 30
1762 The Catholics of Cork Come out of the shadows, p. 32
Catholic Grievances, p. 34
Memoirs of James Stanley Vickery, 1830s, written c 1889 Australia, Vickery Household, Mollogh, Parish of Durrus, p. 1
William Warner Vickery and Wlizabeth Wofle from Bantry to Evansville, Indiana memoir Rooska, Reendonegan 1840s Bantry, p. 2
Mary Isabella Kingston, NT, Corraun National School. Myross, Recipes 1914., p. 3
Memoirs of Ignatious O’Brien, Lord Shandon, Lord Chancellor of Ireland re food in Cork, p. 6
The Petty Sessions handled the bulk of lesser legal cases, both criminal and civil. They were presided over by Justices of the Peace, who were unpaid and often without any formal legal training. The position did not have a wage, so the role was usually taken by those with their own income – in practice usually prominent landowners or gentlemen. Justice was pronounced summarily at these courts, in other words, without a jury.
Cases of a more serious nature, which did require a jury, were held at the Quarter Sessions, which, as the name suggests were held four times a year. The most serious cases, those like murder or treason that carried the death penalty, were presided over by at least one legally trained judge at assizes held twice a year in circuit. The jury courts used a system known as a commission of Oyer and Terminer, a Norman French phrase meaning To See and To Judge. There were two juries, a Grand Jury who assessed the strength of the prosecution evidence, and the trial jury, who would hear the case if the Grand Jury had decided the case was strong enough to go forward to trial.
At the lower levels though, justice was summary and swift. The Petty Sessions, which sat daily, weekly or monthly, depending on the volume of cases, often saw controversial judgements. Every court had a clerk, whose job it was to record the details of each case in a register. It is those registers you are looking at in these records. The clerks also collected any fees from those involved in the cases.
The Petty Sessions were formally established with legislation in 1827, although they had been in operation for centuries before that. By 1851, amid growing concerns about the fairness of some of the justices of the peace, the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act sought to tighten up the rules. JPs were gradually replaced by trained and paid magistrates as the 19th century went on.
Covering both civil and criminal cases, the Petty Sessions’ brief was wide. Cases ranged from merchants who had not paid duty on their goods, to workers suing for unpaid wages. Farmers were fined for letting their cattle wander or for allowing their cart to be driven without their name painted on the side. Debts were collected and disputes settled. Public drunkenness was a common offence, as was assault and general rowdiness. Political feelings were often volatile and there are frequent cases all over the country of people charged with putting up seditious posters or leaflets.
1836 Arms Licences West Cork religion of holders, p. 3
Breakdown of weaponry, p. 4
Listing and background to some of those holding licences, p. 5-53
1798 Pistol Robbery, p. 57
The Lost World of the Flemings of Oldcourt, Reenmurragha, Skibbereen, West Cork, Where, ‘All The Famous Horsemen Met..With Their Fowling Pieces..The Gentry of Rosscarbery Met.. Song in Lionel Fleming’s Book, Head or Harp., p. 53
Gunmakers List Cork, p. 53
1823 Orangemen march to Methodist Church armed with pistol swords, p. 54
Pistols in Skibbereen tithe war?, p. 56
Magistrates grants of licences to keep arms in Bandon 1832, p. 57
Pistols in Skibbereen, p. 57
RIC Ballineen 1840, 1840 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Carter Hall, p. 58
1848 Vickery Gun Certificate to hold arms in Dwelling House, p. 58
1859. Military Enquiry into Activities of Co. Antrim Militia into Alleged Orange Riots Pre 12th July at Kinsale Co. Cork. 1,077 Panes of Glass Broken, Houses of 20 Protestants and 700 Catholics Attacked, 100 Militia Men Brandishing Bayonets, p. 59
Memoir of Sam Bird, b 1871- Bandon re hunting, p. 60
This is largely the area covered by the various Baronies of West Cork including small areas of the Baronies of Muskerry being part of the hinterland of Bandon and Macroom. Really the area west of the river Bandon including Innishannon bounded by the sea and the high ground in the Baronies Muskerry and with the Sheehy Mountains as going over Cousane Gap.
This is a rough estimate in relation to the religious breakdown. Re surnames here are in fact quite a number of Protestants with Gaelic surnames in the greater Bandon are like Sullivan/O’Sullivan, Cotter and like Daly/Dealy, Murphy in Bantry, Daly in Dunmanway. The odd time there will be a Catholic with a Planter surname. Since the Bandon plantations post 1590s West ~cork had a significant Protestant population. However by 1836 the collapse of the textile industry and the outworking system where the Bandon clothiers outsourced the weaving of cloth to smallholders disproportionately affected poor Protestae. Widespread emigration to Canada, England and America commenced. Bandon weavers were begging as far west as Goleen. Without doing a detaisle parish analysis of the 1831 census it is not possible to say what the protest population was, perhaps 15%.
The arms distribution could be looked at a a sign of Protestant insecurity post plantation. There were frequent uprisings, tithe wars and the worst fears were realised by the IRA murders of Protestants in the Bandon Valley in April 1922.
It is worth looking at the militarisation of the area. Post 1650 at different stages there were English/British military barracks at Bandon, Bantry, Castletownbere, Clonakilty, Dunmanway, Durrus, Kinsale, Innishannon, Rosscarbery, Skibbereen. After the attempted French landing in Bantry Bay in 1796 the area was flooded with British Regiments and Irish regiments and militia.
For areas near barracks which had Church of Ireland registers which survive, they record many marriages between young soldiers and local women, many of whom have Gaelic surnames. It is not clear whether they were Protestant or the marriages were performed in Protestant churches as the validity of Catholic marriages was at best questionable under the Penal Laws. It also means that from the 17th century there was a significant infusion of Irish blood into the English working class.
Currently as far as I know the only military installation in West Cork is the firing range used by the Irish Defence forces on Bere Island.
1840 Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Carter Hall toured Ireland and visited the then new Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) barracks at Ballineen (Ballyneen). There is a graphic description of the weapons being polished by the young RIC men in their sleeping quarters. Ireadln was heavily policed by a paramilitary force. Over 90,000 Irish men served in the RIC, the majority Catholics but the officers were mainly Protestant. The number service in small villages and towns was staggering but of course they ew-were the eyes and ears of Dublin Castle as evidenced by the monthly District Inspectors reports which can be viewed in the British ... read on
John Hamilton White, p. 3
Thomas Eccles, p. 3
Dr. Armstrong. 3
1845, John Coughlan of Crookhaven, West Cork Owner of Whaler ‘The Wild Irish Girl’ Rescues Schooner British America (Canada) ‘Exile’, p.4
C 1850 Bantry Businessman John O’Connell owner whaler, p. 4
1851 Many Whale Boats Belong to Crookhaven, p. 5
1861 The Pioneer of Richmond, USA, and Cargo, Cork Admiralty Court. Two whale boats belonging to Mr. Notter, of Crookhaven, p. 6
1862 Whale Landed on Dunmanus Bay near the Residence of James O'Callaghan, J.P. , p. 6
1864. For Sale A First Class Whaleboat, Apply H. Justice, Ballydehob, West Cork., p. 6
1891 Isaac Notter, Crookhaven, will, probate 1891. Whaleboat, p. 6
Newspaper Accounts whaleboats Crookhaven, p. 8
The 1910 is a Catholic wedding, again a very detailed listing of those in attendance and the presents. Despite the immense deprivation of many in the general district from the early 19ht century there was a thriving Catholic and Protestant middle class of professionals and merchants and this accelerated post 1922 particularly for Catholics.
1893, 1910 Skibbereen Weddings, Guests, Presents.
Hilderard Augusta Somerville, Castletownshend, to Egerton B. Coghill, p. 4
.
Presents, p. 8
1893 Henrietta Reeves Fleming, Newcourt, Skibbereen, the Rev. Haythornthwaite, p.14
Brides presents, p. 20
Bridegrooms presents, 27
A Pretty Wedding Jennings/Hayes, Skibbereen, 1910. Presents and Donors Listed, p.27
Daniel O'Sullivan, Cameatringen, Berehaven, Co. Cork, 1814, Died On Passage from Bristol Where he Had Been for the Recovery of His Health, D. O'Sullivan, Cameatringen, Berehaven, Co. Cork, First Catholic Appointed Magistrate since Reign of Queen Anne, Captain of Berehaven Loyal Infantry, Descended From One of The Princely Branches of O'Sullivan Beare. O'Sullivan, Daniel (1758/61?–1814), middleman and magistrate, was second son of Daniel O'Sullivan and his wife Honora, daughter of Morgan O'Connell (1739–1809) of Carhen, Cahirciveen, Co. Kerry, and therefore first cousin to Daniel O'Connell (qv). On his father's side he was grandnephew to Morty (Murtagh) Óg O'Sullivan, a smuggler shot at Eyries, Co. Kerry, while resisting arrest for homicide in 1754. The family resided in Caretringane House, Castletownbere, Co. Kerry, and leased a sizeable property in the Coulagh area on the Eyre estate. Their uncle's fate did not deter the family from the smuggling tradition, though the French traveller Coquebert de Montbret commented on the social pretensions of the family in 1791. Following the death (c.1796) of his elder brother, John, Daniel was vested with administration of the estate until his nephew, Morty O'Sullivan (d. 1825), should come of age. In December 1796, when French vessels belonging to the expeditionary force under Gen. Lazare Hoche (1766–97) were observed anchored off Bere Island, O'Sullivan with great alacrity initiated a state of emergency in the district, ordering his tenants to drive cattle inland and to conceal provisions in the event of a French landing. Having posted a large number of tenants to watch the coast for the next eleven days, he took prisoner the crew of a French longboat reconnoitring the beaches and rushed them for interrogation to the nearest British garrison in Bantry. O'Sullivan was applauded for his loyalty, made captain of the Berehaven loyal infantry corps of yeomanry, and presented with the freedom of Cork city – the first catholic to receive the honour since the early 1700s. Recommended to the commission of the peace by the county governors, he was the first catholic to be made a magistrate in Co. Cork since the early 1700s.
In recognition of his part at the time of the attempted French Invasion at Bantry Bay in 1796.
The Magistrates were drawn from the ranks of the Landlords or their agents. Many had a well deserved reputation of being sectarian and partisan so slowly the British administration introduced Resident Magistrates initial former RIC inspectors to retired British army officers. Edith Somervill ‘The Irish RM probably accurately depicts the. None of the Magistrates had any legal training, a situation that still pertains in England. The situation improved towards the end of the 19th century as many of th RM were either barristers or solicitors.
This was part of the radical overhaul of the Irish Justice system post Independence ebay the Free State Government.
They abolished the Magistrates who still sit in Northern Ireland, This was praised by the former Lord Chancellor Ignatious O’Brien, (Baron Shandon 1857-1930).
When the lord chancellor, Redmond John Barry, retired in 1913 O'Brien was appointed to the vacant post. While he was a hard worker he was neither diplomatic nor forceful enough to be truly effective, and was notorious for his long-winded and self-important judgments. His judicial philosophy favoured sweeping aside precedent and technicalities in favour of substantive justice as he saw it; hence he was on good terms with Peter O'Brien (qv), though he disapproved of his politics, and at odds with Christopher Palles (qv), though he acknowledged Palles's eminence as a jurist. He greatly enjoyed the social side of his office and the ceremonies and amusements of the viceregal court.
O'Brien was nearly ousted as lord chancellor in 1915 in favour of James Campbell (qv) by the first coalition government – his removal was also sought by T. M. Healy and William O'Brien (qv) (1852–1928) – but was retained after a public outcry orchestrated by the Redmondites, which threatened to affect American public opinion.
He expressed guarded optimism for the future of the Irish Free State, and admired the government of W. T. Cosgrave (qv), praising such decisions as the replacement of JPs by paid district justices and the creation of an unarmed police force. He emerges from its pages as a sensitive and somewhat neurotic meritocrat, haunted at the sufferings inflicted
This commenced with a request to assist in giving background on the Love family of West Cork in particular ‘The addresses listed for the Loves are Donegal, Goleen & Enaghhouchter Schull. It developed into something more significant trying to portray the lot of the poorer Protestant in the Mizen Durrus area in the late 18th and early 19th century. White the focus is on the Mizen area and other Co. Cork Loves fear=ture. The anime does not appear on banners History of Bandon and his listing of the post 1590s planters. However there are memorials of a Love family in Bandon mud 17th century who appear reasonably prosperous. Also a sampling of marriage records for the Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts involving Love family members from the mid 19th century to the late 19th century shows the interaction with other families.
Introduction, p. 2
Travellers, Visitors, p. 6
Love Wills Cork, p. 11
Local Protestant Population, p. 8
Marriage Records Schull and Skibbereen Registration Districts, p. 8
C 1830 Tithe Applotments. Townlands on Mizen measured in Gneeves, p. 12
Updated Clothiers, Flax, Linen, Textiles, Weaving, West Cork, Bandon, p. 13
Valuation Office Records Mizen, p.13
Huguenot Marriages, p. 14
Schull Burials, p. 14
Emigration from West Cork, Rochester, NY, The Croston's of Bradford and Haverhill Massachusetts, p. 16
Funerals St. Luke and St. Simon Cyrene Episcopal Church, Rochester, p. 16
Marriage Licence Bonds, probably mostly not West Cork, p. 16
Marriages, p. 18
Marriages, Schull, p. 18
One Catholic marriage to McCarthy, p. 18
Skibbereen from 1852, p. 24
Selected Deaths Schull District, p. 25
Bantry, p. 28
Selected Deaths Schull District 1882-1899, p. 25
Royal Irish Constabulary, p. 30
1893 Anti Home Rule Meeting, Skibbereen, p. 31
1897 Juror, p. 32
Royal Navy service: Also mention of Captain Love who landed in Crookhaven in 1601, p.
33
Bandon Memorials, p. 34
Newspaper Extracts, p. 35
Appendix 1, Love Sullivan/O'Sullivan Descendants, p. 43-60
However every time Alexandr O’Driscoll appears in a newspaper report it throws light not only on his own venality but on the atrocious condition endured by the majority of the population, In a mixed religious area there were also many poor Protestants.
Those listed are described as noblemen and gentlemen. Not strictly accurate even here. One benefit of independence is there are no more meetings of noblemen and gentlemen.
Of those 72 listed, around 37 are landlords or their land agent, Payne in Bantry for the White Estate, Swanston in Bandon for the Devonshire estate.some with enormous holding, some like Bantry businessman John O’Connell comparatively small holdings.
From the early 19th century falling rents and arrears of rent payments by middlemen further strained the finances of the estate. On some estates management and legal expenses were reckoned at 30% of gross rental.
A certain amount of fractiousness was observed in 1822 ‘the magistrates in the south can scarcely ever be prevailed upon to act together from their entertaining so many petty jealousies and animosities towards each other’
Then succeeding decades would not be kind to Landlords. The encumbered estates court, landed estates court in effect enabling lands heaving mortgaged to the dry cleaned and clear title given to the purchaser. The Land Wars of the 1880s destroyed any landlords and tenant relationships that may have existed.
Re the transfer of Land, the Irish Land commission transferred nearly 14.5 million acres from the Landed Estates to the tenant almost 70% of the landmass of the Island of Ireland.
By my reckoning this was probably the largest voluntary land transfer in world history. It was motivated by the concept of killing Home Rule by Kindness.
From around 1895 if the Estate was willing to sell the Land Commission offered market value with a premium of 25% for selling on a voluntary basis. By that time most estates were distressed and they were only too willing to sell.
They had to produce legal title to the satisfaction of the Land Commission Law Officer. As a consequence there are 12.5 million documents stored in a warehouse in Portlaoise. Many of these are certified copies of records the originals of which were destroyed in the Public Records Office in 1922.
Religion
In terms of the religions make up there are 9 Church of Ireland clergyman some of whom are magistrates. Many of the senior Church of Ireladn clergy enjoyed a bountiful element of opulence, one of those listed her Rev. Mountyford/Mountifort Longfield, Castigated by Daniel O’Connell for abusing a sinecure in Kerry (Kilcrohane, £400 per annum) drawing a clerical salary of £960 for administering to 80 church attending Protestant paid by the tithes of 6,008 Catholics in the Parish. These clerics often subcontracted their duties to ill paid curates who often supplemented their income by preparing boys for college of various British military occupations.
National Religious Breakdown of Magistrates:
Palmer, though his work is primarily focused on the police and police magistrates, lists just 285 Catholic Magistrates in the mid-1830s, leaving some 2,085 Protestant Justices, eighty-nine per cent of the total number of individuals in the Commission of the Peace. This uneven religious distribution was further investigated in an 1835 commission investigating the number of Magistrate clergy the results of which showed some 177 Protestant clergy Magistrates and no Catholic clergy.
There are 7 Catholic clergy listed, 4 parish Priests and 4 curates. It is unlikely prior to 1835 that such a public meeting would have such a representation. However the Catholic clergy were to the fore in West Cork in using their organisation skill to have the hated tithes
.....
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Griffiths report to Parliament 1828, p.3
An earlier account 1819 of the Mizen peninsula, Eliza (Dizzie) Townsend (Mrs. Lionel Fleming), p.4
Rev. Caesar Otway 1831, p.5
Projected Bandon to Bantry Railway 1845, p.6
Appeal to Sir Robert Peel to make Bantry a packet station, p.7
Courthouse meeting Dunmanway re projected railway, p.9
Report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations background, p.10
Extracts re West Cork report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations, p.12
Thomas Hungerford, Inspector Coastguards, family background, p.29
Emigration from Cork 1847-1850, p.34
Anthony Marmion author The Ancient and Modern History of the Maratime Ports of Ireland, p. 35
Crookhaven, p.36
Berehaven, p.41
Dunbeacon/Dunmanus, p.51
Viscount Bernard/Lord Bandon, p.55
1847 Report a memorial presented to the Lords of the Admiralty with regard to the Harbours and Lighthouses of Co. Cork, p.59
1863. Julius Reuter and William Siemens and the South-Western of Ireland Telegraph Company, Linking Cork to Crookhaven by Telegraph and British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, Cork to Cape Clear, p.59
The start of the Communication Revolution, Picture of ‘The Atlantic Telegraph Cable Fleet’ at Berehaven, Bantry Bay, 28th July 1866, held at Cable and Wireless Archive, p.59
Bere Island British Naval Base, p.61
Introduction
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over short channels. Here, in the 1851 report, however, what is contemplated is what port on the west coast of Ireland would be suitable for vessels going or coming to America.
The introduction of steam engines changed everything and competition with the Americans also. The level of technical detail considered in making their choice is fascinating. Then 8 years later they laid the first transatlantic cable for communication across the Atlantic from Valentia. That put the packet station to bed.
In terms of the earlier background you have a paradox, from the late 17th century West Cork was just off some of the main shipping lines in the world. At the same time transport links even to Cork were limited. By the end of the 18th century reasonable roads connected the main towns to Cork some had been built as turnpikes, an early version of tolled .... Click here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FLpxJZX0PnDg1V5F-H2WgxlyseAUS5QfrDZqrhJ7CpM/edit
Traditionally a packet station was a port used to carry mails or passengers over short channels. Here, in the 1851 report, however, what is contemplated is what port on the west coast of Ireland would be suitable for vessels going or coming to America.
The introduction of steam engines changed everything and competition with the Americans also. The level of technical detail considered in making their choice is fascinating. Then 8 years later they laid the first transatlantic cable for communication across the Atlantic from Valentia. That put the packet station to bed.
In terms of the earlier background you have a paradox, from the late 17th century West Cork was just off some of the main shipping lines in the world. At the same time transport links even to Cork were limited. By the end of the 18th century reasonable roads connected the main towns to Cork some had been built as turnpikes, an early version of tolled motorways. However on the peninsulas until Sir Richard Griffith completed the road from Skibbereeen to CXrookhaven c 1828 wheeled carts were unknown. Roads on the Muintervara peninsula were in a poor enough condition until the late 1840s. On the Beara Peninsula as late as the 1980s the local TD Paddy Sheehan christened the road from Glengarriff to Castletownbere ‘Burma Trail;’ huge improvements have been made but there's still about 15 km of very poor road.
What commenced as a look at the Parliamentary Report into packet stations broadened out to reflect technological changes and the strategic importance of this isolated one one sense part of Europe while simultaneously being very much to the fore in advanced technology.
1851 Proposed West Cork Packet Stations General Background.
The file is too large for Academicia so if you click the link you will access the Google Document:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FLpxJZX0PnDg1V5F-H2WgxlyseAUS5QfrDZqrhJ7CpM/edit
Introduction, p.1
General Charles Vallancey (1731-1812) Survey Report 1778, p.3
Sir Richard Griffiths report to Parliament 1828, p.3
An earlier account 1819 of the Mizen peninsula, Eliza (Dizzie) Townsend (Mrs. Lionel Fleming), p.4
Rev. Caesar Otway 1831, p.5
Projected Bandon to Bantry Railway 1845, p.6
Appeal to Sir Robert Peel to make Bantry a packet station, p.7
Courthouse meeting Dunmanway re projected railway, p.9
Report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations background, p.10
Extracts re West Cork report of Commission re Irish Packet Stations, p.12
Thomas Hungerford, Inspector Coastguards, family background, p.29
Emigration from Cork 1847-1850, p.34
Anthony Marmion author The Ancient and Modern History of the Maratime Ports of Ireland, p. 35
Crookhaven, p.36
Berehaven, p.41
Dunbeacon/Dunmanus, p.51
Viscount Bernard/Lord Bandon, p.55
1847 Report a memorial presented to the Lords of the Admiralty with regard to the Harbours and Lighthouses of Co. Cork, p.59
1863. Julius Reuter and William Siemens and the South-Western of Ireland Telegraph Company, Linking Cork to Crookhaven by Telegraph and British & Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company, Cork to Cape Clear, p.59
The start of the Communication Revolution, Picture of ‘The Atlantic Telegraph Cable Fleet’ at Berehaven, Bantry Bay, 28th July 1866, held at Cable and Wireless Archive, p.59
Bere Island British Naval Base, p.61
Ireland did not have colonies but was in the peculiar position of both being a colony and Irish people both Catholic and Protestant of all classes being complicit in slavery. This was not just with the English but with all colonial powers. Dr. Ohlmeyer cites a number of examples, the Danes had a small colony in the West Indies but no commercial network to sell the sugar from the slave plantations. Apparently their Lutheran religion proved no barriers to using Irish Catholic merchant networks on the Continent to sell their sugar. The Irish Catholic Caroll family had extensive plantation in Maryland and slaves. Charles Carroll of the family signed the American Declaration of Independence.
Richard Boyle the Great Earl of Cork acquired much of the land granted to Phane Beecher around Bandon. The iron from his works were used to bribe African Chiefs to sell their own people into slavery. The McCalmont family of Co. Derry had extensive plantations in Barbados and multiple slaves. when slavery was abolished. From the compensation they received they invested in West London real estate and initially leased Mount Juliet in Co. Kilkenny from the Butler family eventually acquired it outright.
The Munster ports ( like Bristol ) were heavily involved in the Atlantic 'Triangular Trade' and that was explicitly tied into securing and transporting slaves, and dealing in the products that then came from their work....cotton, indigo, rice, sugar and molasses etc. Of course Munster butter, bacon and beef ( the Provisions Trade) partly went to feed those enslaved too. Behind all were the investments, security on loans and profits coming back. The big houses, fine streets, public buildings and squares didn't only come from Irish rents! There is no getting away from widespread complicity.
Dr. Ohlmeyer makes the point that work on the colonial archives of The Netherlands, France, Portugal and Spain has only begun and it is probable that many more Irish Connections will surface.
Fane Becher was granted over 12,000 acres in county Cork, p.1
The English Caribbees in the Period of the Civil War, 1642-1646, p. 2
St. Kitts in 1639 arrived penniless one Phance Beecher, p.7
Slaving, Tobacco, Sugar, the Irish Connections from Dr. Jane Ohlmeyer, p. 10
Beecher Magistrates, West Cork, p. 12-19
Beecher/Becher Landed Estates, p. 19
Interestingly here over 240 names, all men, are appended to the petition. In contrast in Cork only 112 names from three Parishes and it was alleged that many had given no permission for their name to be used,
All the evidence was that the people of the general Skibbereen District regardless of their religion or politics pulled along pretty well as evidenced by shared interest attendance at funerals etc. This was in contrast to the Bandon Valley where sectarianism and party feeling remained high up to the 1830s.
The listing could be viewed as a mini census. The presumption is that all those listed were Protestants. There is a divergence between the Church of Ireland and Methodism. Families such as some of the Swantons, Vickeries, Warners, Woulfes were Methodists.
Interestingly in many cases the occupation is given. The disaster of the Famine in Skibbereen is well known. What is not widely appreciated is that since the mid 18th century as well as penury, mass poverty there existed a market economy with quite a number of prosperous people. Here we have bankers, cabinet makers, painters, watchmaker, engineer, pawnbroker, saddler, multiple merchants, doctors, lawyers, wine merchant. Quite a number of Gentlemen as well as those of the Governing elite, Magistrates, Customs and Excise Officials as well as clergy.
The people described have multiple origins, many would have originated in the Bandon Valley area from the West Country of England and gradually drifted westward from the mid 17th century. There are those of a Huguenot background, Coneell (Quesnell), Levis. Additionally names like Shannon and possibly Lannin may have migrated from the Northern countries in the development of weaving, linen and flax in the early 18th century. The Huguenots may have moved from Addellys failed silk enterprise in Innishannon in the early 18th century.
Scots, Ross, interestingly there are two Gibbs Rosses mentioned, another Gibbs Ross was killed during the Civil War in Bantry in 1922 fighting on the Republican side. and some from Gaelic or Norman backgrounds, Barry, McGuire, O’Donoghue. There are quite a number of Hegartys listed, they may have come down from the Northern Counties for the Battle of Kinsale in 1601 and having survived married locally as other such families the O’Neills, Gallaghers, Wards, O’Donnells.
West Cork is different from most of rural Ireland excepting the northern counties in having a diverse religious population emanating from plantations and the development of the textile business. Sir Richard Griffith was involved in the 1820 in extensive road building employing over 3,000 on the line from Skibbreeen to Crookhaven in the 1820s. He remarked that the area was the only part of Ireland excepting the northern counties where he employed poor Protestants. In the 1830s the Local Reproductive Loan Funds were set up to advance small sums to deriving locals. In 1850 th RIC was sent to assess how those who received loans and their sureties fared. The records have survived for Durrus and Schull. They catalogue a tale of unbelievable misery, death by famine, disease, emigration and local Protestants feature prominently. Given the results of recent DNA testing in particular in the USA among those with a West Cork background of all religions it seems that the population is far more diverse then the surname or religion would indicate.
The vast bulk of those whose names are appended are of modest means as very few have estates probated.
The Cullinanes in particular those of Bantry and Skibbereen were probably of old Gaelic stock with an infusion of Protestant Swanton blood. In the earlier references it is not possible to say if this is the Cullinane family due to the variety of spelling variation of Irish names to English.
In the Baronies of the Carberies and Bantry and Bere from the mid 18th century emerged a class of Catholic and Protestant of business families with no connection to the local Landlords or their agents. Through acute business acumen they prospered in a bleak landscape. The Catholic ones from the early 19th century were actively engaged in politics, anti tithe agitation, Rereal, Fenian Activity, the Land League, the Irish Parliamentary party ultimately culminating in independence for the greater part of the Island of Ireland in 1922.
There is little memory now of the Cullinanes; it seems the relations are those of Australia descendants of Jeremaih Cullinane, forced as a political exile to flee his native land from British oppression. He and his family prospered in Australia.
What is contained here is largely newspaper snippets in which it throws light on many aspects of local circumstance such as the emergence of the Catholic Church, political activism than the Cullinanes a s power brokers and their involvement in local administration. They and their allies deposed the Earl of Bantry and his agent the Pauynes as local overlords from the late 19th century.
There are ironies here in 1889 in Mr. Culinane in Bantry places his yacht at the disposal of the distinguished (unidentified) visitor. This visitor was of considerable interest to the authorities of Dublin Castle and he was tailed by the RIC. It shows the wealth of the Cullinanes. Similarly supported the Land League and they were also Landlords.
The Cullinanes were part of ‘The Bantry Gang’ Often used as a term of decision comprising a network of individuals and families from or with associations from the greater Bantry area. Tim Healy's position was not helped by constant derision in the works of James Joyce for his perceived part in the downfall of Charles Stewart Parnell The Cullinanes were related by marriage and close to William Martin Murphy. Perhaps one of Ireland's greatest businessmen. He had the misfortune to be in charge of the employer federation during the infamous 1913 lockout. Since then a cottage industry has grown up to discredit him.
Australian Cousins, p, 8
Swanton ancestry, p. 11
Cullinane Magistrates, p., 11
]1895 dearth Charles Cullinane, Bantry, p.12
1900 Death J. Cullinane Bantry, p. 13
1935 funeral of JOhn G.Cullinane, Clonakilty, p. 15
1414. Treatise on Medicine translated by John O'Cullinane physician to Donal McCarthy Reagh and his tutor Pierce Ó h-Uallacháin, begun at Kilbrittain Castle 1414.,
1560s. Fiants of Queen Elizabeth 1 of England with West Cork References Multiple Pardons (McCarthys. O’Driscolls/Crowleys/O’Crowleys/Dalys/O’Mahonys/O’Cullanes/Collins for ‘Rebels’. The format of the surnames is different to that now used. Might be Cullinane.p.19
1585. Earliest representation of West Cork person, 1585, Catherine Cullinane, Ballynacarriga (Townland of the Stones) Castle, Dunmanway., p.19
Kinsale (St. Multose) Register 1692, p.19
1691 Convert Rolls, p.19
Dorothy Callanan 1752 Creagh Ross Dr Casey has a Dorothy Cullinane marrying Daniel Pearse 1752 name different but more associated with Creagh then Callanan, p.19
etc, etc.
The West Cork area is different from most of rural Ireland except the northern counties in that there was a significant Protestant population many of whom were not well off. The great road builder Sir Ricahrd Griffith remarked on building the road from Skibbereen to Crookhaven in the 1820s that this was the only part of Ireladn excepting the northern counties where he employed large numbers of poor Protestants.
The National school went ahead but was in fact a Catholic National School which from time to time had some Protestant children attending. The ramshackle Protestant local education staggered on until it applied to join the National System
Introduction, p.1
National School application, p.2
Catholic supporters, p.2
Protestant supporters, p. 6
Rev. Alcock, p. 8
Catholic Education post 1830, p.9
Protestant Education, post 1830, p. 11
Dromore/Lisheen School Disputes, Queens Colleges, p, 14
There are quite a number of Church of Ireland and Methodist subscribers. This is consistent with reports that the Durrus Protestant joined in a rent strike on the Estate of the Earl of Bandon in 1880. The were described by Wheeler Doherty, Bandon solicitor and Lord Bandon’s Land Agent as ‘More like savages than human beings’
He was descended from James Daly who died in 1776 in Carrigtwohill a trader and landowner and was locally regarded as head of the Sept and claimed ownership of the family tomb in Kilcrohane he in turn was the grandson of Cornelius Cam O’Daly, Chieftain of the Sept in the 17th century. HIs son James established the successful Daly Distillery in Cork about 1820.
He put it himself aptly ‘These fragmentary records and memoirs will not survive my lifetime if I did not make an effort to preserve them for posterity. Hence this production of 50 copies.
To access the full file click here:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rWkZdL-6EdFvJCzl6S83eN5zhML2ON6Llguuzi80Xis/edit?pli=1
1905 The O’Dalys of Muinteiravara, West Cork, by Dominick Daly of The Inner Temple London.
Background, p. 1
1905 History, p.2-41
Probate, Kings Inns Entrym, p. 42
Dalys Distillery, Cork, p. 42-44
West Cork Daly clusters, p. 44
Marriage Licence Bonds, p. 44
TCD admission, p. 46
Daly Cork Magistrates, p. 47
Memorials of Daly Deeds, p. 47
In memory of Vincent Daly, businessman and genealogist of the O’Daly family of Dromnea, Kilcrohane. Vincent spent an enormous amount of time tracking worldwide their descendants and comparing their DNA. He had got back as far as 1740.
The huge detail of those attending her funeral and that of her brother Daniel O’Donovan in 1895 enable a teasing out of family networks, local power structures and changing times.
Her obituary states that she was of old native stock of the O'Donovan Stuaci Sept. Her brother Bantry solicitor Daniel O’Donovan died in 1895 at the age of 26 was described as being of one of the most respectable families of the district. Phrases often used in these types of funeral are ‘long tailed families’
Introduction, p.1
Politics, p.2
Marriage patterns, p. 3
Funeral 1940, p. 4-19
Eviction of Tim Hurley (Mrs. Burke's uncle) 1886, Castleview Mills, Clonakilty, p.19-25
1985 funeral of Mrs. Burke brother Daniel O’Donovn, Bantry solicitor, p.26-34, 44-52
Brother in Laws, cousin, p. 34
Lawyers mentioned, 35-37
Medical personnel mentioned, 37-40
Politicians, p. 40
Until the great road from Skibbereen to Crookhavan was built by Sir Richard In the 1820s Crookhaven was only connected to the rest of Irealand by a rough packhorse trail. However, since the early 17th century it was one one of the world busiest shipping routes.
That part of the Mizen Peninsula was from around 1600 under the de facto control of Richard Boyle, the Great Earl of Cork, the Hulls of Lemcon Castle Schull and their local allies the Coughlans of Carrigmanus who turned Protestant after falling out with their overlords the O’Mahonys.
Interestingly in the early 19th century there were various property transactions for the area around Crookhavn between the Notters and Lord Riversdale and the Tonsons who are part of the extended Hull family of Schull.
Introduction, p.1
Notteer Landed Estates, p. 2
Notter Magistrates. P. 5
TCD entry, p.6
Marriage Licence Bonds, marriages, p. 6, 13
Births, p.8, 14
Deaths, p. 11
Census 1901/1911, p.19
Probates, p. 21
Kings Inns Entry, p.30
Newspaper entries, p.30 largely to 104
Encumbered Estates Sale, p. 36
Marine Salvage, p.35, 43, 52, 68
Registry of Deeds, memorials, p. 104
Chief secretary papers, p. 109
Lewis 1837, p. 111
Crookhaven lighthouse, p. 112
Colonel James Lane, Notter, p.112
Church of Ireland, p. 4
Commercial, p. 5
East India Company, p. 6
Catholic Converts, p. 6
Catholic Survivors Penal Laws, 6
Revenue Officials, p. 6
Lawyers, p. 9
Huguenots, p. 9
Doctors, p.9
Magistrates, p. 7
Lord Shandon (Ignatius O’Brien) former Lord Chancellor, criticism of the Magistrates, p. 10
Proselytising and Evangelical links, p.10, 162-
Belfast Newsletter Article, p. 10-19
Listing 20-161
Appendix 1, p. 162-179
Of around 415 listed here, in the first instalment there are about 150 where details of the individuals are given. Where they are from a landed background detail of how the estate came about are given with some genealogical information. This relies heavily on earlier work in The Magistrates of Cork and The Cork Grand Jury. At the culmination of this process it is intended to list those indicating those who assisted together with institutions and sources.
Of approximately 415 of those listed, including 15 Lords, Bishops, 80 are Magistrates, 32 Clergy of the Church of Ireland excluding Bishops who are at the top table with the Nobles. Also 5 of a medical background, 7 legals.
The 1835 Banadon election is noteworthy for the tiny size of the electorate. He won He fought the 1835 election for Bandon bridge perceived as the nominee of the Orange faction getting 111 votes against James Redmond Barry, the Liberal who got 79
Kildare Place Society, p.2
Chairman of Co. Derry, p.11
Daniel O’Connell’s apprehensions, p.13
Conservative speech at Bandon, p. 14
James Redmond Barry, opponent at 1835 Bandonbridge election, p.23
Levee for Protestant Clergy, Bandon, p.27
Anti Jackson pamphlet, p.29
Support for the National Agricultural Movement, p.29
Appointment as Judge of Common Pleas. p.30
Support for Rev. Fisher’s proselytising mission at Altar, Mizen and other subscribers, p.32
Possible Quaker ancestry, p. 32
Memorials of deeds involving his father, p.46
Obituaries, p. 51
Probate, p.56
In relation to agricultural shows, many of the 19th century winners have families who in the 21st century are still active in stock breeding and emerging as prize winners.
Re Peadar Ó hAnnracháin, (11873-1985). Peadar was a wonderful Conradh na Gaeilge organiser throughout a number of counties including Cork and he wrote several books as Gaeilge. He also wrote on the Southern Star as ‘Cois Life’ in the 1940s and 1950s. In that period he worked in the Pigs and Bacon Commission in Dublin. The column often wandered over long lost history, family relationships and there was a touch of the ‘Seanachaí’ about them. The daughter of the Gaelic Scholar, landowner and businessman in Ballydehob Thomas Swanton, Crianlarich, gave him her father’s papers.
One of 13 children, 10 of whom survived and the majority emigrated.
In his Cois Life column there are often paragraphs or sentences referring to long past events. Often in enquiry they reveal a huge amount about local conditions. This is one such. Quite unusual for a lament in Irish to be written about the death of a Landlords son. The Beamish were small landlords and probably close enough to their tenants probably bi lingual. The Church of Ireland Parish of Drinagh hit controversy some years when the Minister Anderson who was a Protestant Home Ruler was in effect boycotted by most of his congregation.