Differences among the curriculum structures of the 5-year BPharm, the 2008 Announced 6-year Pharm... more Differences among the curriculum structures of the 5-year BPharm, the 2008 Announced 6-year PharmD programme and the 2012 Announced 6-year PharmD programme [9, 12, 13]. (DOCX 31 kb)
Differences among the competency standard guidelines for licensure examination of the 5-year BPha... more Differences among the competency standard guidelines for licensure examination of the 5-year BPharm, the 2008 Announced 6-year PharmD programme and the 2012 Announced 6-year PharmD programme [14â 17]. (DOCX 29 kb)
Authors: Teeraporn Chanakit, MSc, Bee Yean Low, PhD, Payom Wongpoowarak, PhD, Summana Moolasarn, ... more Authors: Teeraporn Chanakit, MSc, Bee Yean Low, PhD, Payom Wongpoowarak, PhD, Summana Moolasarn, PhD, Aporn Jaturapatarawong, MSc, Wiwan Worakunphanich, BPharm, Mayuree Tangkiatkumjai, PhD, Claire Anderson, PhD School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Hospital Pharmacy Unit, Warinchumrab Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Thai Traditional Medicine Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand. Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand.
Pharmacy education and pharmacy practice are facing remarkable changes following new scientific d... more Pharmacy education and pharmacy practice are facing remarkable changes following new scientific discoveries, evolving patient needs and the requirements of advanced pharmacy competency for practices. Many countries are introducing or undertaking major transformations in pharmacy education. The Thai pharmacy curriculum has been changed from a 5-year BPharm and a 6-year PharmD to only a 6-year PharmD programme. Curriculum change processes usually involve stakeholders, including both internal and external educational institutions, at all levels. This study aims to understand the experiences and perceptions of stakeholders regarding the transition to an all-PharmD programme in Thailand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Thailand with 130 stakeholders (e.g., policy makers, pharmacy experts, educators, health care providers, patients, students and parents) from August-October 2013. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using an inductive thematic...
Thai pharmacy education has moved to an all Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programme. However, there... more Thai pharmacy education has moved to an all Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programme. However, there has been no previous research about the perceptions regarding the suitability of PharmD graduates employed in hospital settings, which is the major pharmacy workforce in Thailand. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was distributed to 180 hospital pharmacists at the 2013 Association of Hospital Pharmacy (Thailand) conference. This study aimed to explore Thai hospital pharmacists' perceptions concerning the suitability of the PharmD graduates employed in hospital settings and the competency differences between the Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and PharmD graduates. Descriptive statistics were used to present the participants' demographics and their perceptions. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the open-ended written answers. Ninety-eight valid responses were included in the data analysis (response rate of 55.6 %). The majority of the respondents (76.5 %) felt...
The study compared frequency of dispensing errors (DE) and administration errors (AE) occurring i... more The study compared frequency of dispensing errors (DE) and administration errors (AE) occurring in unil dose drug distribution (UDDD) and daily dose drug distribution (DDDD) systems in a 25-bed ward of Sunt Thani Regional Hospital. Pre-post evaluation design was used. Sample size was 2,000 drug doses. Main outcome measures were rates, types, causes, and severity of DE and AE at the time during which the UDDD system operated and 4 weeks after introducing the DDDD syslem. Double checking and disguised-observation technique were employed to identify the errors. DE rate of the UDDD was significantly lower than that of the DDDD systems (5.2% vs. 7.0%, p -0.012) while the AE rate in the UDDD system was significantly higher (17.9% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.0001). Of all, the highest freql~ency of DE was extra medication (55.9dA) and was omitted medication (50.0%) for the UDDD and the DDDD systems, respectively. The corresponding figures for AE were wrong time errors (78.6% and 77.2%). The most f...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2011
This study investigated the in vitro activity of colistin or sulbactam in combination with fosfom... more This study investigated the in vitro activity of colistin or sulbactam in combination with fosfomycin or imipenem against eight strains of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). The eight CRAB clinical isolates were collected from hospitalized patients admitted to Songklanagarind Hospital in southern Thailand during January-December 2008. The isolates were divided into 4 different patterns of clonal relationships using the Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-Polymerase Chain Reaction method (REP-PCR). The in vitro activity of combination antibacterial agents against theses isolates were determined by chequerboard and time-kill methods. All isolates producing OXA-23 carbapenemases were universally susceptible to colistin but intermittently susceptible to other antimicrobial agents. A chequerboard assay showed the synergistic effects of sulbactam plus fosfomycin and colistin plus fosfomycin in 75% and 12.5% of isolates, respectively. Sulbactam at a concentration of 1 x MIC plus fosfo...
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2011
To evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRA... more To evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) nosocomial infections treated with antimicrobial agent either alone or in combination. Clinical data were retrospectively evaluated in patients with CRAB nosocomial infections admitted to Songklanagarind Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand from January-December 2008. One hundred ten patients with CRAB nosocomial infections were identified. Most patients (57.3%) had site of infection in the lower respiratory tract and the majority of them (61.8%) received a single antimicrobial agent. Crude mortality was 30%. The presumptive success rate was 60.3% (41/68) for patients given monotherapy and 81.0% (34/42) for patients given combination therapy (p = 0.024). Patients given combination therapy were more likely to have been given at least one antibiotic to which the organism was susceptible (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, renal impairment, bloodstream infection, and inappropriate antimicrobi...
Objectives To assess the quality of care provided by community pharmacists for simulated clients ... more Objectives To assess the quality of care provided by community pharmacists for simulated clients (SCs) with upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and to examine the effects of gender and appearance of socioeconomic status (SES) of the SCs on the practice. Setting Thirty-two community pharmacies in the south of Thailand with four male and four female SCs. Method Each SC visited eight community pharmacies twice, 1month apart, once with moderate and once with an appearance of low SES, in random order. Key outcome variables were history-taking, advice-giving, and antibiotic-dispensing, based on international guidelines. Descriptive statistics and mixed-effects models with nesting of SCs and community pharmacies were conducted. Key findings The mean scores for history-taking and advice-giving were low. The proportions of 128 encounters ending up with antibiotics, corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were 87.5, 12.5 and 7.8%, respectively. Pharmacist practice did not...
Differences among the curriculum structures of the 5-year BPharm, the 2008 Announced 6-year Pharm... more Differences among the curriculum structures of the 5-year BPharm, the 2008 Announced 6-year PharmD programme and the 2012 Announced 6-year PharmD programme [9, 12, 13]. (DOCX 31 kb)
Differences among the competency standard guidelines for licensure examination of the 5-year BPha... more Differences among the competency standard guidelines for licensure examination of the 5-year BPharm, the 2008 Announced 6-year PharmD programme and the 2012 Announced 6-year PharmD programme [14â 17]. (DOCX 29 kb)
Authors: Teeraporn Chanakit, MSc, Bee Yean Low, PhD, Payom Wongpoowarak, PhD, Summana Moolasarn, ... more Authors: Teeraporn Chanakit, MSc, Bee Yean Low, PhD, Payom Wongpoowarak, PhD, Summana Moolasarn, PhD, Aporn Jaturapatarawong, MSc, Wiwan Worakunphanich, BPharm, Mayuree Tangkiatkumjai, PhD, Claire Anderson, PhD School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Hospital Pharmacy Unit, Warinchumrab Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Thai Traditional Medicine Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand. Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand.
Pharmacy education and pharmacy practice are facing remarkable changes following new scientific d... more Pharmacy education and pharmacy practice are facing remarkable changes following new scientific discoveries, evolving patient needs and the requirements of advanced pharmacy competency for practices. Many countries are introducing or undertaking major transformations in pharmacy education. The Thai pharmacy curriculum has been changed from a 5-year BPharm and a 6-year PharmD to only a 6-year PharmD programme. Curriculum change processes usually involve stakeholders, including both internal and external educational institutions, at all levels. This study aims to understand the experiences and perceptions of stakeholders regarding the transition to an all-PharmD programme in Thailand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Thailand with 130 stakeholders (e.g., policy makers, pharmacy experts, educators, health care providers, patients, students and parents) from August-October 2013. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using an inductive thematic...
Thai pharmacy education has moved to an all Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programme. However, there... more Thai pharmacy education has moved to an all Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programme. However, there has been no previous research about the perceptions regarding the suitability of PharmD graduates employed in hospital settings, which is the major pharmacy workforce in Thailand. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was distributed to 180 hospital pharmacists at the 2013 Association of Hospital Pharmacy (Thailand) conference. This study aimed to explore Thai hospital pharmacists' perceptions concerning the suitability of the PharmD graduates employed in hospital settings and the competency differences between the Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and PharmD graduates. Descriptive statistics were used to present the participants' demographics and their perceptions. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the open-ended written answers. Ninety-eight valid responses were included in the data analysis (response rate of 55.6 %). The majority of the respondents (76.5 %) felt...
The study compared frequency of dispensing errors (DE) and administration errors (AE) occurring i... more The study compared frequency of dispensing errors (DE) and administration errors (AE) occurring in unil dose drug distribution (UDDD) and daily dose drug distribution (DDDD) systems in a 25-bed ward of Sunt Thani Regional Hospital. Pre-post evaluation design was used. Sample size was 2,000 drug doses. Main outcome measures were rates, types, causes, and severity of DE and AE at the time during which the UDDD system operated and 4 weeks after introducing the DDDD syslem. Double checking and disguised-observation technique were employed to identify the errors. DE rate of the UDDD was significantly lower than that of the DDDD systems (5.2% vs. 7.0%, p -0.012) while the AE rate in the UDDD system was significantly higher (17.9% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.0001). Of all, the highest freql~ency of DE was extra medication (55.9dA) and was omitted medication (50.0%) for the UDDD and the DDDD systems, respectively. The corresponding figures for AE were wrong time errors (78.6% and 77.2%). The most f...
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2011
This study investigated the in vitro activity of colistin or sulbactam in combination with fosfom... more This study investigated the in vitro activity of colistin or sulbactam in combination with fosfomycin or imipenem against eight strains of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). The eight CRAB clinical isolates were collected from hospitalized patients admitted to Songklanagarind Hospital in southern Thailand during January-December 2008. The isolates were divided into 4 different patterns of clonal relationships using the Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-Polymerase Chain Reaction method (REP-PCR). The in vitro activity of combination antibacterial agents against theses isolates were determined by chequerboard and time-kill methods. All isolates producing OXA-23 carbapenemases were universally susceptible to colistin but intermittently susceptible to other antimicrobial agents. A chequerboard assay showed the synergistic effects of sulbactam plus fosfomycin and colistin plus fosfomycin in 75% and 12.5% of isolates, respectively. Sulbactam at a concentration of 1 x MIC plus fosfo...
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2011
To evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRA... more To evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) nosocomial infections treated with antimicrobial agent either alone or in combination. Clinical data were retrospectively evaluated in patients with CRAB nosocomial infections admitted to Songklanagarind Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand from January-December 2008. One hundred ten patients with CRAB nosocomial infections were identified. Most patients (57.3%) had site of infection in the lower respiratory tract and the majority of them (61.8%) received a single antimicrobial agent. Crude mortality was 30%. The presumptive success rate was 60.3% (41/68) for patients given monotherapy and 81.0% (34/42) for patients given combination therapy (p = 0.024). Patients given combination therapy were more likely to have been given at least one antibiotic to which the organism was susceptible (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, renal impairment, bloodstream infection, and inappropriate antimicrobi...
Objectives To assess the quality of care provided by community pharmacists for simulated clients ... more Objectives To assess the quality of care provided by community pharmacists for simulated clients (SCs) with upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and to examine the effects of gender and appearance of socioeconomic status (SES) of the SCs on the practice. Setting Thirty-two community pharmacies in the south of Thailand with four male and four female SCs. Method Each SC visited eight community pharmacies twice, 1month apart, once with moderate and once with an appearance of low SES, in random order. Key outcome variables were history-taking, advice-giving, and antibiotic-dispensing, based on international guidelines. Descriptive statistics and mixed-effects models with nesting of SCs and community pharmacies were conducted. Key findings The mean scores for history-taking and advice-giving were low. The proportions of 128 encounters ending up with antibiotics, corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were 87.5, 12.5 and 7.8%, respectively. Pharmacist practice did not...
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