Financial inclusion (FI) for vulnerable populations, such as women, is critical for achieving gen... more Financial inclusion (FI) for vulnerable populations, such as women, is critical for achieving gender equality, women’s empowerment, and thereby, inclusive growth. Sustainable development goal 5 considers gender equality as a fundamental right and views the empowerment of women as a necessary step. Access to finance is a significant means to empower a person. In this regard, the use of digital financial services is of particular significance for women as it allows them easier access to financial products for business and household needs. For implementing policies to reduce financial exclusion of women, it is necessary to first measure the extent of FI in society. While there are several attempts to measure FI for the general population, there is limited literature on the gender-based measurement of FI. This paper fills this important research gap by developing a gender-based FI index (GFII) focusing particularly on digital services and evaluating the performance of countries across t...
Services trade has assumed considerable importance for the Indian economy and the role of IT and ... more Services trade has assumed considerable importance for the Indian economy and the role of IT and IT-enabled services (ITES) is particularly worth mentioning in this context. The growth of this sector has not only helped to improve India's current account balance, but also generated income and employment. This paper looks at the ITES industry particularly focusing on three major service lines, viz., customer care, financial and health care. It analyses India's strengths and weaknesses vis-à-vis the competing countries. While the major strength of Indian business process outsourcing (BPO) industry is the availability of cost-effective manpower, ironically, it has been observed that the major challenges faced by the industry in India today are mainly human resource related. The paper comes up with the possible measures necessary for keeping India's competitive edge intact in this segment.
International Journal of Business and Economics, 2009
This paper examines the technical efficiency, technological gap ratio, and productivity change of... more This paper examines the technical efficiency, technological gap ratio, and productivity change of Indian pharmaceutical firms across different groups. The groups are formed based on size, strategies, and product varieties. The analysis indicates that ...
Macroeconomic instability, characterised by high inflation, fragile foreign exchange positions an... more Macroeconomic instability, characterised by high inflation, fragile foreign exchange positions and high rates of interest, increases uncertainty and hence slows down economic growth. While this is generally accepted, the usual perception about the agricultural sector, particularly in India, is that it is immune to general macroeconomic shocks. In this paper, we examine this perception using a vector autoregressive model. The findings show that the agricultural sector is not insulated from macroeconomic shocks.
ABSTRACT There is a large body of literature on the issue of corruption that looks at policy inst... more ABSTRACT There is a large body of literature on the issue of corruption that looks at policy instruments relating to punishment, incentive and monitoring schemes for the control of crime. In this context many researchers assert that corruption in general cannot be controlled and the extent of it is higher for relatively poorer nations. In a developing country, where the government needs to raise resources from the system to provide necessary public services to the poor, acts relating to the embezzlement of states' potential revenue earnings naturally operates as an impediment to development. This note discusses in a game theoretic framework the different instruments that are available for the control of such pilferage and considers as an example the voluntary income disclosure scheme (VDIS) introduced by successive Indian governments for tax collection.
Business process outsourcing (BPO) generally refers to the operation of letting out the task of p... more Business process outsourcing (BPO) generally refers to the operation of letting out the task of performing particular functions of an enterprise to another, often a third party and, in some cases, its own subsidiary. Under the pressure of nonavailability of manpower in the country of origin, many multinational companies (MNCs) decided to outsource their business processes to remote locations during the initial phase of globalization. In the Indian context, this process could throw down sturdy roots due to the encouraging supply-and-demand factors in the country. This paper takes a close look at the BPO industry in India, the service lines in which the country has specialized, and India's comparative advantages vis-à-vis competitor countries, e.g., China and the Philippines. The paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the Indian industry operating in this segment.
... IOI is above 70 per cent, are agriculturally well developed either with plantation crops (dis... more ... IOI is above 70 per cent, are agriculturally well developed either with plantation crops (districts such as Kodagu, Shimoga and Chickmagalore), or districts with highly irrigated area with food grain crops which are input intensive (districts such as Mysore, Mandya, Hassan etc.). ...
... eco-nomic activities or different sectors in the Indian economy using the bank level data fro... more ... eco-nomic activities or different sectors in the Indian economy using the bank level data from the Reserve Bank of India (Shetty 2005; Patnaik 2005; Chavan 2005; Basu ... Basu, Priya (2006): ???Improving Access to Finance for India's Rural Poor??? (Washington DC: The World Bank). ...
This paper presents an incomplete information model, where a supervisor is entrusted with supervi... more This paper presents an incomplete information model, where a supervisor is entrusted with supervising a number of potential criminals of different types. The supervisor may not know the type of an individual criminal. We show how lack of complete information available to the law-enforcing agent may help to prevent crime at least to a limited extent by making rewards and
... see Figure 5), the subsequent ones are Australia and Canada followed by Malaysia (Fig.A.3 ...... more ... see Figure 5), the subsequent ones are Australia and Canada followed by Malaysia (Fig.A.3 ... and Weakness, ISEC Project Report, Funded by Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of ... and BP Vani, Direct and Indirect Benefits of Business Process Outsourcing on Indian ...
... selected randomly. To select a sample of farmer households who borrowed any time during the l... more ... selected randomly. To select a sample of farmer households who borrowed any time during the last two years from the formal sector, we took help of the ledgers of the UCOBank branches operating in our study area. In Tarakeswar ...
... Rajeev, M, Dev, S and Ranade , R (2006). Why do poor farmers default less?: Case of Indian i... more ... Rajeev, M, Dev, S and Ranade , R (2006). Why do poor farmers default less?: Case of Indian informal credit market A game theoretic exploration. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/768/01/ MPRA_paper_768.pdf. posted: 17 November 2006 Page 24. 24 Shah, A and Sah, DC ...
ABSTRACT Effective control of non-performing assets (NPAs) is critical for sustainable and health... more ABSTRACT Effective control of non-performing assets (NPAs) is critical for sustainable and healthy growth in the banking sector of any economy. In this paper we attempt to establish a possible connection between the problems of loan non-repayment in the formal credit market and credit accessibility from informal sources in India. The latter appears to flourish in many developing countries despite various government-initiated formal lending programs. Scholars often examine how poorer households become the victim of usurious interest rates charged by informal lenders and thereby lose their valuable securities. Our approach, however, suggests that the more unfavorable the terms of loan from an informal moneylender compared with a formal lending agency, the better are the chances of a borrower making a timely repayment, and thus obtaining the benefits of a formal loan on a recurring basis (which is not available in the case of default). The paper uses the National Sample Survey Organization database (59th round, All India Debt and Investment Survey) to empirically examine the impact of interest rate in the informal sector on formal sector repayment. In addition to revealing a positive and significant impact of the informal sector's interest rate on the repayment of formal loans, the empirical analysis reveals a plausible negative impact of expectation regarding a loan waiver, as well as the moral hazard problem faced by formal lending agencies.
Financial inclusion (FI) for vulnerable populations, such as women, is critical for achieving gen... more Financial inclusion (FI) for vulnerable populations, such as women, is critical for achieving gender equality, women’s empowerment, and thereby, inclusive growth. Sustainable development goal 5 considers gender equality as a fundamental right and views the empowerment of women as a necessary step. Access to finance is a significant means to empower a person. In this regard, the use of digital financial services is of particular significance for women as it allows them easier access to financial products for business and household needs. For implementing policies to reduce financial exclusion of women, it is necessary to first measure the extent of FI in society. While there are several attempts to measure FI for the general population, there is limited literature on the gender-based measurement of FI. This paper fills this important research gap by developing a gender-based FI index (GFII) focusing particularly on digital services and evaluating the performance of countries across t...
Services trade has assumed considerable importance for the Indian economy and the role of IT and ... more Services trade has assumed considerable importance for the Indian economy and the role of IT and IT-enabled services (ITES) is particularly worth mentioning in this context. The growth of this sector has not only helped to improve India's current account balance, but also generated income and employment. This paper looks at the ITES industry particularly focusing on three major service lines, viz., customer care, financial and health care. It analyses India's strengths and weaknesses vis-à-vis the competing countries. While the major strength of Indian business process outsourcing (BPO) industry is the availability of cost-effective manpower, ironically, it has been observed that the major challenges faced by the industry in India today are mainly human resource related. The paper comes up with the possible measures necessary for keeping India's competitive edge intact in this segment.
International Journal of Business and Economics, 2009
This paper examines the technical efficiency, technological gap ratio, and productivity change of... more This paper examines the technical efficiency, technological gap ratio, and productivity change of Indian pharmaceutical firms across different groups. The groups are formed based on size, strategies, and product varieties. The analysis indicates that ...
Macroeconomic instability, characterised by high inflation, fragile foreign exchange positions an... more Macroeconomic instability, characterised by high inflation, fragile foreign exchange positions and high rates of interest, increases uncertainty and hence slows down economic growth. While this is generally accepted, the usual perception about the agricultural sector, particularly in India, is that it is immune to general macroeconomic shocks. In this paper, we examine this perception using a vector autoregressive model. The findings show that the agricultural sector is not insulated from macroeconomic shocks.
ABSTRACT There is a large body of literature on the issue of corruption that looks at policy inst... more ABSTRACT There is a large body of literature on the issue of corruption that looks at policy instruments relating to punishment, incentive and monitoring schemes for the control of crime. In this context many researchers assert that corruption in general cannot be controlled and the extent of it is higher for relatively poorer nations. In a developing country, where the government needs to raise resources from the system to provide necessary public services to the poor, acts relating to the embezzlement of states' potential revenue earnings naturally operates as an impediment to development. This note discusses in a game theoretic framework the different instruments that are available for the control of such pilferage and considers as an example the voluntary income disclosure scheme (VDIS) introduced by successive Indian governments for tax collection.
Business process outsourcing (BPO) generally refers to the operation of letting out the task of p... more Business process outsourcing (BPO) generally refers to the operation of letting out the task of performing particular functions of an enterprise to another, often a third party and, in some cases, its own subsidiary. Under the pressure of nonavailability of manpower in the country of origin, many multinational companies (MNCs) decided to outsource their business processes to remote locations during the initial phase of globalization. In the Indian context, this process could throw down sturdy roots due to the encouraging supply-and-demand factors in the country. This paper takes a close look at the BPO industry in India, the service lines in which the country has specialized, and India's comparative advantages vis-à-vis competitor countries, e.g., China and the Philippines. The paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the Indian industry operating in this segment.
... IOI is above 70 per cent, are agriculturally well developed either with plantation crops (dis... more ... IOI is above 70 per cent, are agriculturally well developed either with plantation crops (districts such as Kodagu, Shimoga and Chickmagalore), or districts with highly irrigated area with food grain crops which are input intensive (districts such as Mysore, Mandya, Hassan etc.). ...
... eco-nomic activities or different sectors in the Indian economy using the bank level data fro... more ... eco-nomic activities or different sectors in the Indian economy using the bank level data from the Reserve Bank of India (Shetty 2005; Patnaik 2005; Chavan 2005; Basu ... Basu, Priya (2006): ???Improving Access to Finance for India's Rural Poor??? (Washington DC: The World Bank). ...
This paper presents an incomplete information model, where a supervisor is entrusted with supervi... more This paper presents an incomplete information model, where a supervisor is entrusted with supervising a number of potential criminals of different types. The supervisor may not know the type of an individual criminal. We show how lack of complete information available to the law-enforcing agent may help to prevent crime at least to a limited extent by making rewards and
... see Figure 5), the subsequent ones are Australia and Canada followed by Malaysia (Fig.A.3 ...... more ... see Figure 5), the subsequent ones are Australia and Canada followed by Malaysia (Fig.A.3 ... and Weakness, ISEC Project Report, Funded by Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of ... and BP Vani, Direct and Indirect Benefits of Business Process Outsourcing on Indian ...
... selected randomly. To select a sample of farmer households who borrowed any time during the l... more ... selected randomly. To select a sample of farmer households who borrowed any time during the last two years from the formal sector, we took help of the ledgers of the UCOBank branches operating in our study area. In Tarakeswar ...
... Rajeev, M, Dev, S and Ranade , R (2006). Why do poor farmers default less?: Case of Indian i... more ... Rajeev, M, Dev, S and Ranade , R (2006). Why do poor farmers default less?: Case of Indian informal credit market A game theoretic exploration. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/768/01/ MPRA_paper_768.pdf. posted: 17 November 2006 Page 24. 24 Shah, A and Sah, DC ...
ABSTRACT Effective control of non-performing assets (NPAs) is critical for sustainable and health... more ABSTRACT Effective control of non-performing assets (NPAs) is critical for sustainable and healthy growth in the banking sector of any economy. In this paper we attempt to establish a possible connection between the problems of loan non-repayment in the formal credit market and credit accessibility from informal sources in India. The latter appears to flourish in many developing countries despite various government-initiated formal lending programs. Scholars often examine how poorer households become the victim of usurious interest rates charged by informal lenders and thereby lose their valuable securities. Our approach, however, suggests that the more unfavorable the terms of loan from an informal moneylender compared with a formal lending agency, the better are the chances of a borrower making a timely repayment, and thus obtaining the benefits of a formal loan on a recurring basis (which is not available in the case of default). The paper uses the National Sample Survey Organization database (59th round, All India Debt and Investment Survey) to empirically examine the impact of interest rate in the informal sector on formal sector repayment. In addition to revealing a positive and significant impact of the informal sector's interest rate on the repayment of formal loans, the empirical analysis reveals a plausible negative impact of expectation regarding a loan waiver, as well as the moral hazard problem faced by formal lending agencies.
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