The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of plant compound idopyranose is e... more The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of plant compound idopyranose is evaluated against streptozotocin-induced diabetics Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups consisting of 6 rats each. Group I contained the normal control were treated with olive oil, group II was served as a negative control (diabetic control), group III comprising normal rats were administered with idopyranose alone for 21 days and group IV diabetic rats were administered with idopyranose (50 mg /kg body wt/ day orally) respectively. Diabetic rats were given idopyranose isolated from the plant, Vitex negundo showed significant reduction in blood glucose, alanine aminotransaminase and aspirate aminotransaminase activities. Serum urea, creatinine and cholesterol were also significantly reduced when compared to diabetic control. Apart from these parameters, idopyranose showed improvement in parameters like body weight, lipid profile such as triglyceride, high density lipopro...
Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Family: Anacardiaceae), commonly known marking nuts has been used in... more Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Family: Anacardiaceae), commonly known marking nuts has been used in various traditional system of medicines for various ailments (such as antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic etc) since ancient times.Based on the wide pharmacological activities of this plant, the present study was aimed to explore the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic potential in high fat diet fed rats using catechol derivatives I-IV and biflavonoid isolated from seeds of Semecarpus anacardium. Oral administration of catechol derivatives I-IV and biflavonoid at a concentration of 50mg/kg b.wt to high fat diet fed rats for a period of 30days significantly decreased the lipid profiles, body weight gain and organ weight when compared to untreated hypercholesterolemic rats. However, biflavonoid treated hypercholesterolemic rats showed more pronounced effects in all the parameters tested when compared to all catechol derivatives (I-IV) treated hypercholesterolemic rats. The effect produced by biflavonoid on various parameters was comparable to that of simvastastin- a standard drug. In vitro antioxidant activities were also conducted using these five compounds in which biflavonoid showed more significant antioxidant potential at a concentration of 1000µg/ml when compared to catechol derivatives (I-IV). The pronounced antioxidant potential of biflavonoid might have contributed to the hypolipidemic action in hypercholesterolemic rats and .improved oil red O staining of thoracic aorta has also supported the parameters investigated. Further, the molecular mechanism of cholesterol lowering potential of this drug is needed.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chebulagic acid on enzymes involved i... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chebulagic acid on enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in high fat diet/streptozotocin induced diabetic rats . Diabetes was induced in albino male wistar rats by feed them with high-fat diet comprising of 84.3% standard laboratory rat chow, 5% lard, 10% yolk powder, 0.2% cholesterol and 5% bile salt for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the animals were kept in an overnight fast and injected with low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5). At the end of the experimental periods, the blood glucose, plasma insulin, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin levels, homeostatic model of insulin resistance, glycogen content, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase were measured in high fat diet and streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats whereas the glucose metabolic enzymes such as hexokinase, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose 6 phosphatase, fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor - γ (PPAR- γ) and Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) were analyzed. Administration of chebulagic acid to HFD/STZ -induced diabetic rats for 30days significantly decreased the levels of plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, glycogen phospharylase and glycosylated hemoglobin and increased the levels of insulin, glycogen content and glycogen synthase. On the other hand, the altered activity of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, PPAR-γ and GLUT4 were brought back to near normal levels on treatment with chebulagic acid. The effect produced by chebulagic acid on various parameters was comparable to that of metformin.
The cardioprotective nature of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone present in citrus fruits, w... more The cardioprotective nature of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone present in citrus fruits, was investigated by assessing the key markers of heart, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and ultrastructural alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of tangeretin (100 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days to diabetic rats reversed the body weight and heart weight changes by its insulinotropic action which in turn decreased the plasma and cardiac lipid profiles through modification activities of key enzymes of lipid metabolism in liver and increased the GLUT4 expression in the heart of diabetic rat. Moreover, tangeretin treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes by decreasing the levels of lipid peroxidation and extent of inflammatory cytokines and cardiac marker enzymes in both plasma and heart of diabetic rats. Further, tangeretin blunted the rise in cardiac [Ca2+] and [Na+] whereas it increased the activities of Ca...
The present study was to evaluate the effect of iridoid glucoside on the levels of blood glucose,... more The present study was to evaluate the effect of iridoid glucoside on the levels of blood glucose, plasma insulin, serum total protein, albumin, thyroid hormone (T3, T4), TSH, LPO and activities of both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. The levels of blood glucose, TBARS and hydroperoxide were significantly increased whereas the levels of plasma insulin and activities of enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) and the levels of non-enzymic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E) and reduced glutathione were decreased in the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats. In addition, serum levels of total protein, albumin, T3, T4 and TSH were also decreased in diabetic rats when compared to control rats. Oral administration of iridoid glucoside to diabetic rats showed significant ameliorative effects on all the biochemical parameters studied. Moreover, the iridoid glucoside showed free radical scavenging activity assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pi...
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, Jan 15, 2012
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of 20-OH-ecdysone... more The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of 20-OH-ecdysone on glucose metabolic key enzymes in control and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. On oral administration of 20-OH-ecdysone at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight per day to diabetic rats for 30 days resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and an increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. Administration of 20-OH-ecdysone showed significant increase in the levels of glycolytic enzyme (hexokinase) and hepatic shunt enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) whereas significant decrease in the levels of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) in diabetic treated rats. Furthermore, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals also observed. This study indicates that the administration of 20-OH-ecdysone to diabetic rats resulted in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subs...
The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of tangeretin on the a... more The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of tangeretin on the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in control and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The daily oral administration of tangeretin (100mg/kg body weight) to diabetic rats for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of tangeretin. Further, tangeretin administration to diabetic rats improved hepatic glycogen content suggesting the antihyperglycemic potential of tangeretin in diabetic rats. The effect produced by tangeretin on various parameters was comparable to that of glibenclamide - a standard oral hypoglycemic drug. Thus, these results show that tangeretin modulates the activities of hepatic enzymes via enhanced secretion of insulin and decreases the blood glucose in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by its antioxidant potential.
The present study was designed to examine the antihyperlipidaemic potential of iridoid glucoside ... more The present study was designed to examine the antihyperlipidaemic potential of iridoid glucoside isolated from Vitex negundo leaves in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, lipoproteins, free fatty acids, phospholipids, fatty acid composition, proinflammatory cytokines, muscle glycogen content, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression were estimated in control and diabetic rats. Oral administration of iridoid glucoside at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight per day to STZ-induced diabetic rats for a period of 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in plasma and tissue (liver and kidney) cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. In addition, the decreased plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and increased plasma levels of low density lipoprotein- and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in diabetic rats were restored to near normal levels following treatment with iridoid glucoside. The fatty acid composition of the liver and kidney was analyzed by gas chromatography. The altered fatty acid composition in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats was also restored upon treatment with iridoid glucoside. Moreover, the elevated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of muscle glycogen and GLUT4 expression in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats were reinstated to their normal levels via enhanced secretion of insulin from the remnant β cells of pancreas by the administration of iridoid glucoside. The effect produced by iridoid glucoside on various parameters was comparable with that of glibenclamide, a well-known antihyperglycemic drug.
The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of an action of compound isolated from Vite... more The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of an action of compound isolated from Vitex negundo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Light microscopic examination of liver, kidney and pancreatic sections of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice showed changes like coarsening of acinar cells of endoplasmic reticulum, destruction of β-cells, and alteration in their secretory function were observed in the pancreas. Changes like dilation of vein, unusual concentric arrangement of hepatocytes, and liver fibrosis were observed in the liver. Thickening of tubules and expansion of glomerulus were observed in kidneys. All these altered parameters were reversed close to normal condition upon treatment using idopyranose. The results show the antidiabetic potential of idopyranose. Interestingly, liver, kidney, and pancreatic sections of diabetic mice fed with the isolated 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose showed regeneration of hepatocytes, nephrocytes, as well as β-cells and acinar region appeared normal with increased numbers of β-cells. To understand the probable mechanism of action of 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose, we analyzed proinflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression by immunohistochemistry and the results showed an increased iNOS and NF-κB levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic liver, kidney and pancreas. Such high iNOS and NF-κB levels were inhibited in 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose treated mice. The results suggest that 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose helps in the protection of hepatocytes, nephrocytes and pancreatic β-cells probably by its action against NF-κB and iNOS mediated inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of plant compound idopyranose is e... more The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of plant compound idopyranose is evaluated against streptozotocin-induced diabetics Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups consisting of 6 rats each. Group I contained the normal control were treated with olive oil, group II was served as a negative control (diabetic control), group III comprising normal rats were administered with idopyranose alone for 21 days and group IV diabetic rats were administered with idopyranose (50 mg /kg body wt/ day orally) respectively. Diabetic rats were given idopyranose isolated from the plant, Vitex negundo showed significant reduction in blood glucose, alanine aminotransaminase and aspirate aminotransaminase activities. Serum urea, creatinine and cholesterol were also significantly reduced when compared to diabetic control. Apart from these parameters, idopyranose showed improvement in parameters like body weight, lipid profile such as triglyceride, high density lipopro...
Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Family: Anacardiaceae), commonly known marking nuts has been used in... more Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Family: Anacardiaceae), commonly known marking nuts has been used in various traditional system of medicines for various ailments (such as antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic etc) since ancient times.Based on the wide pharmacological activities of this plant, the present study was aimed to explore the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic potential in high fat diet fed rats using catechol derivatives I-IV and biflavonoid isolated from seeds of Semecarpus anacardium. Oral administration of catechol derivatives I-IV and biflavonoid at a concentration of 50mg/kg b.wt to high fat diet fed rats for a period of 30days significantly decreased the lipid profiles, body weight gain and organ weight when compared to untreated hypercholesterolemic rats. However, biflavonoid treated hypercholesterolemic rats showed more pronounced effects in all the parameters tested when compared to all catechol derivatives (I-IV) treated hypercholesterolemic rats. The effect produced by biflavonoid on various parameters was comparable to that of simvastastin- a standard drug. In vitro antioxidant activities were also conducted using these five compounds in which biflavonoid showed more significant antioxidant potential at a concentration of 1000µg/ml when compared to catechol derivatives (I-IV). The pronounced antioxidant potential of biflavonoid might have contributed to the hypolipidemic action in hypercholesterolemic rats and .improved oil red O staining of thoracic aorta has also supported the parameters investigated. Further, the molecular mechanism of cholesterol lowering potential of this drug is needed.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chebulagic acid on enzymes involved i... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chebulagic acid on enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in high fat diet/streptozotocin induced diabetic rats . Diabetes was induced in albino male wistar rats by feed them with high-fat diet comprising of 84.3% standard laboratory rat chow, 5% lard, 10% yolk powder, 0.2% cholesterol and 5% bile salt for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the animals were kept in an overnight fast and injected with low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5). At the end of the experimental periods, the blood glucose, plasma insulin, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin levels, homeostatic model of insulin resistance, glycogen content, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase were measured in high fat diet and streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats whereas the glucose metabolic enzymes such as hexokinase, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose 6 phosphatase, fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor - γ (PPAR- γ) and Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) were analyzed. Administration of chebulagic acid to HFD/STZ -induced diabetic rats for 30days significantly decreased the levels of plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, glycogen phospharylase and glycosylated hemoglobin and increased the levels of insulin, glycogen content and glycogen synthase. On the other hand, the altered activity of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, PPAR-γ and GLUT4 were brought back to near normal levels on treatment with chebulagic acid. The effect produced by chebulagic acid on various parameters was comparable to that of metformin.
The cardioprotective nature of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone present in citrus fruits, w... more The cardioprotective nature of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone present in citrus fruits, was investigated by assessing the key markers of heart, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and ultrastructural alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of tangeretin (100 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days to diabetic rats reversed the body weight and heart weight changes by its insulinotropic action which in turn decreased the plasma and cardiac lipid profiles through modification activities of key enzymes of lipid metabolism in liver and increased the GLUT4 expression in the heart of diabetic rat. Moreover, tangeretin treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes by decreasing the levels of lipid peroxidation and extent of inflammatory cytokines and cardiac marker enzymes in both plasma and heart of diabetic rats. Further, tangeretin blunted the rise in cardiac [Ca2+] and [Na+] whereas it increased the activities of Ca...
The present study was to evaluate the effect of iridoid glucoside on the levels of blood glucose,... more The present study was to evaluate the effect of iridoid glucoside on the levels of blood glucose, plasma insulin, serum total protein, albumin, thyroid hormone (T3, T4), TSH, LPO and activities of both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. The levels of blood glucose, TBARS and hydroperoxide were significantly increased whereas the levels of plasma insulin and activities of enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx and GST) and the levels of non-enzymic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E) and reduced glutathione were decreased in the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats. In addition, serum levels of total protein, albumin, T3, T4 and TSH were also decreased in diabetic rats when compared to control rats. Oral administration of iridoid glucoside to diabetic rats showed significant ameliorative effects on all the biochemical parameters studied. Moreover, the iridoid glucoside showed free radical scavenging activity assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pi...
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, Jan 15, 2012
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of 20-OH-ecdysone... more The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of 20-OH-ecdysone on glucose metabolic key enzymes in control and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. On oral administration of 20-OH-ecdysone at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight per day to diabetic rats for 30 days resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and an increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. Administration of 20-OH-ecdysone showed significant increase in the levels of glycolytic enzyme (hexokinase) and hepatic shunt enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) whereas significant decrease in the levels of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) in diabetic treated rats. Furthermore, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals also observed. This study indicates that the administration of 20-OH-ecdysone to diabetic rats resulted in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subs...
The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of tangeretin on the a... more The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of tangeretin on the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in control and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The daily oral administration of tangeretin (100mg/kg body weight) to diabetic rats for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin. The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase in liver of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of tangeretin. Further, tangeretin administration to diabetic rats improved hepatic glycogen content suggesting the antihyperglycemic potential of tangeretin in diabetic rats. The effect produced by tangeretin on various parameters was comparable to that of glibenclamide - a standard oral hypoglycemic drug. Thus, these results show that tangeretin modulates the activities of hepatic enzymes via enhanced secretion of insulin and decreases the blood glucose in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by its antioxidant potential.
The present study was designed to examine the antihyperlipidaemic potential of iridoid glucoside ... more The present study was designed to examine the antihyperlipidaemic potential of iridoid glucoside isolated from Vitex negundo leaves in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, lipoproteins, free fatty acids, phospholipids, fatty acid composition, proinflammatory cytokines, muscle glycogen content, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression were estimated in control and diabetic rats. Oral administration of iridoid glucoside at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight per day to STZ-induced diabetic rats for a period of 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in plasma and tissue (liver and kidney) cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. In addition, the decreased plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and increased plasma levels of low density lipoprotein- and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in diabetic rats were restored to near normal levels following treatment with iridoid glucoside. The fatty acid composition of the liver and kidney was analyzed by gas chromatography. The altered fatty acid composition in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats was also restored upon treatment with iridoid glucoside. Moreover, the elevated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of muscle glycogen and GLUT4 expression in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats were reinstated to their normal levels via enhanced secretion of insulin from the remnant β cells of pancreas by the administration of iridoid glucoside. The effect produced by iridoid glucoside on various parameters was comparable with that of glibenclamide, a well-known antihyperglycemic drug.
The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of an action of compound isolated from Vite... more The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of an action of compound isolated from Vitex negundo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Light microscopic examination of liver, kidney and pancreatic sections of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice showed changes like coarsening of acinar cells of endoplasmic reticulum, destruction of β-cells, and alteration in their secretory function were observed in the pancreas. Changes like dilation of vein, unusual concentric arrangement of hepatocytes, and liver fibrosis were observed in the liver. Thickening of tubules and expansion of glomerulus were observed in kidneys. All these altered parameters were reversed close to normal condition upon treatment using idopyranose. The results show the antidiabetic potential of idopyranose. Interestingly, liver, kidney, and pancreatic sections of diabetic mice fed with the isolated 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose showed regeneration of hepatocytes, nephrocytes, as well as β-cells and acinar region appeared normal with increased numbers of β-cells. To understand the probable mechanism of action of 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose, we analyzed proinflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression by immunohistochemistry and the results showed an increased iNOS and NF-κB levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic liver, kidney and pancreas. Such high iNOS and NF-κB levels were inhibited in 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose treated mice. The results suggest that 1, 2 di-substituted idopyranose helps in the protection of hepatocytes, nephrocytes and pancreatic β-cells probably by its action against NF-κB and iNOS mediated inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
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