Background: Nonpharmacological interventions, such as throat and pharynx demulcents and emollient... more Background: Nonpharmacological interventions, such as throat and pharynx demulcents and emollients, are an alternative for cough management and mucosa protection, especially in children, who experience upper respiratory infection-associated acute cough almost four times more than adults. The aim of this trial was to assess the effectiveness of Sediflù®, a medical device containing active herbal ingredients, on nocturnal and diurnal persistent coughs in children, with a duration of 3 to 7 days. Methods: Children with a dry and/or productive cough were enrolled in this prospective, interventional, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical study. Clinical efficacy was assessed through the evaluation of the soothing action of Sediflù® against dry and/or productive coughing, both at night and during the day and other effects of coughing associated with quality of sleep: frequency, child’s quality of sleep, parental quality of sleep, severity and bothersomeness. R...
Abscisic acid (ABA) can improve glucose homeostasis and reduce inflammation in mammals by activat... more Abscisic acid (ABA) can improve glucose homeostasis and reduce inflammation in mammals by activating lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2). This study examined the effects of two fig fruit extracts (FFEs), each administered at two different ABA doses, on glycemic index (GI) and insulinemic index (II) to a standard glucose drink. In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 10 healthy adults consumed 4 test beverages containing FFE with postprandial glucose and insulin assessed at regular intervals over 2 h to determine GI and II responses. Test beverages containing 200 mg FFE-50× and 1200 mg FFE-10× significantly reduced GI values by −25% (P = 0.001) and −24% (P = 0.002), respectively. Two lower doses of FFE also reduced GI values compared with the reference drink (by approximately −14%), but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Addition of FFE to the glucose solution significantly reduced II values at all dosages and displayed a clear dose-response reduction...
Fifteen essential oils, four essential oil fractions, and three pure compounds (thymol, carvacrol... more Fifteen essential oils, four essential oil fractions, and three pure compounds (thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol), characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were investigated for biological and nonbiological antioxidant activity. Clove oil and eugenol showed strong DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 13.2 μg/mL and 11.7 μg/mL, respectively) and powerfully inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human neutrophils stimulated by PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) (IC50 = 7.5 μg/mL and 1.6 μg/mL) or H2O2 (IC50 = 22.6 μg/mL and 27.1 μg/mL). Nutmeg, ginger, and palmarosa oils were also highly active on this test. Essential oils from clove and ginger, as well as eugenol, carvacrol, and bornyl acetate inhibited NO (nitric oxide) production (IC50 < 50.0 μg/mL). The oils of clove, red thyme, and Spanish oregano, together with eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol showed the highest myeloperoxidase inhibitory activity. Isomers carvacrol and thymol displayed a disparate behavior in some tests. All in all, clove oil and eugenol offered the best antioxidant profile.
ABSTRACT El fruto del sauzgatillo o agnocasto (Vitex agnus castus L.) mejora la sintomatología de... more ABSTRACT El fruto del sauzgatillo o agnocasto (Vitex agnus castus L.) mejora la sintomatología del síndrome premenstrual, especialmente la mastodinia, debido a un efecto dopaminérgico sobre receptores D2. Esta actividad es atribuida a los diterpenos, principalmente al rotundifurano ( diterpeno labdánico) y a otros compuestos aislados recientemnete, que presental mayor actividad dopaminérgica. Entre estos últimos destacan los diterpenos clerodanos que son, también, potentes inhibidores de la liberación de prolactina, hecho relacionado con la reducción de los elevados niveles de esta hormona que produce el furto del sauzgatillo en la fase final del ciclo menstrual. In vitro, se ha demostrado la interacción selectiva sobre el receptor estrogénico b (ERB), y en este sentido la apigenina se ha identificado como el componente más activo. Además, la actividad farmacológica se relaciona con la capacidad de unirse a receptores opiáceos. Adicionalmente, la utilización fitoterapeútica de preparados del fruto del sauzgatillo para el tratamiento de los transtornos perimenstruales se ha puesto de manifiesto en diversos estudios clínicos.
Objectives: The American cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) are the main responsible for its effi... more Objectives: The American cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) are the main responsible for its efficacy in urinary tract infections. Their mechanism of action is related to inhibition of Escherichia coli to urothelial cells. Cysticlean contains an extract of American cranberry which provides 118 mg of PACs per dose. The activity of Cysticlean tablets on Escherichia Coli adherence to bladder epithelial cells has been studied in vitro. Moreover, the activity of Cistyclean both in powder for oral suspension and tablets has been compared ex-vivo. Methods: The rats received both Cysticlean preparations per orem, and urine from each animal was collected during the following 16 hours and preincubated with E. coli. Subsequently, bacteria were incubated with T24 cells. After 1 hour the number of bacteria adhered per cell was calculated. For the in vitro study, E. Coli preincubated at various concentrations of the products were incubated with T24 cells and the same process previously referred was carried out. Results: Urine samples from rats taking Cysticlean powder for oral suspension and tablets (118 mg PACs/animal) showed an important inhibition of E. Coli adherence (83% and 52%respectively). The inferior dose of 59 mg PACs/animal also showed marked inhibition of E. Coli adherence (29% after Cysticlean tablets intake and 40% for powder). In vitro, Cysticlean showed inhibition of bacterial adherence in all tested concentrations: 5, 25 and 75 PACs mg/ml, diminishing the number og bacteria adhered to epithelial cells by 25%, 36% and 34% respectively. Conclusions: Cysticlean shows a significant inhibition of E. Coli adherence to urothelial cells. Cysticlean powder for suspensión preparation is more effective tha tablets. Cysticlean powder for suspensión is well tolerated, and compliance has been observed. Its use is very recommendable in pediatric urinary tract infection prophylaxis. Due to the variety of products with American cranberry extracts in the market, with different proanthocyanidins declared content, it would be interesting to compare their activity using established pharmacological methods.
El trebol rojo (Trifo/ium pratense L.) se caracteriza qufmicamente por su riqueza en isoflavonas,... more El trebol rojo (Trifo/ium pratense L.) se caracteriza qufmicamente por su riqueza en isoflavonas, conteniendo tanto derivados sin metilar como metilados. Existen suficientes evidencias clfnicas que avalan la eficacia de las isoflavonas del trebol rojo en el tratamiento de los sintomas climatericos vasomotores y el beneficio sobre el perfil lipfdico. Ademas, los resultados muestran una posible eficacia en el mantenimiento de la salud osea y una mejora de la comp/iance arterial, disminuyendo asi el riesgo de aterosclerosis. Los datos recopilados muestran que las isoflavonas del trebol rojo pueden aportar considerables beneficios en la mujer postmenopausica, tanto en el tratamiento de los sintomas asociados a la menopausia, como en la mejora de la salud osea y cardiovascular, con efectos beneficiosos sobre la mama y sobre el endometrio.
Uncaria tometosa (Willd) DC., conocida popularmente como uña de gato, es el nombre botánico de un... more Uncaria tometosa (Willd) DC., conocida popularmente como uña de gato, es el nombre botánico de una liana originaria de la amazonía peruana. En esa zona, la uña de gato es una de las plantas medicinales más importantes, utilizándose tradicionalmente la corteza del tallo y de la raíz para diversas afecciones inflamatorias. Los principales constituyentes de la corteza son alcaloides osindólicos, heterósidos triterpénicos y proantocianidinas. En diferentes modelos experimentales, se han demostrado las actividades antioxidante, antiinflamatoria, antimutagénica, inmunoestimulante, antitumoral y antiviral de la corteza de uña de gato. Los resultado de los estudios farmacológicos, toxicológicos y clínicos muestran que la corteza de uña de gato constituye un tratamiento beneficioso y seguro de la osteoartritis y de la artritis reumatoide.
El uso racional de la Fitoterapia se asienta en los requisitos de calidad, seguridad y eficacia. ... more El uso racional de la Fitoterapia se asienta en los requisitos de calidad, seguridad y eficacia. Uno de los aspectos que más preocupan al profesional de la salud es conocer las posibles interacciones entre los preparados a base de plantas medicinales y los fármacos de síntesis, especialmente los que tienen un margen terapéutico más estrecho, como los anticoagulantes y los inmunosupresores. Aunque existen multitud de publicaciones sobre el tema, los resultados que ofrecen son a menudo contradictorios y no siempre están basados en evidencias clínicas. En este trabajo mostramos las interacciones descritas en las monografías de referencia en la actualidad: las de la EMA (Agencia Europea del Medicamento) y de ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy), que ofrecen datos relevantes desde el punto de vista clínico, tanto en lo que respecta a indicaciones como a precauciones. Su análisis nos muestra que el número de drogas vegetales que interaccionan con medicamentos es relativ...
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jan 11, 2015
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro activity of 15 essential oils, 4 ess... more The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro activity of 15 essential oils, 4 essential oil fractions, and 3 pure compounds (thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol) on phagocytosis by human neutrophils and on complement system. Samples were characterized by GC and GC-MS. Most of the oils (nutmeg, clove, niaouli, tea tree, bay laurel, lemon, red thyme, ginger), nutmeg terpenes, eugenol, and carvacrol showed mild to moderate inhibition of phagocytosis (25-40% inhibition at doses ranging from 40 to 60 μg/mL); highest inhibitory activity was found for thymol (72% at 56 μg/mL), whereas the mixture of bornyl and isobornyl acetates showed a mild stimulating activity (21% at 56 μg/mL). All samples were inactive in the alternative pathway of complement system, whereas on classical pathway, clove oil, eugenol, palmarosa oil, red thyme oil, tarragon oil, and carvacrol showed the highest activity, with IC50 values ranging from 65 to 78 μg/mL.
The American cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) are the main responsible for its efficacy in urin... more The American cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) are the main responsible for its efficacy in urinary tract infections. Their mechanism of action is related to inhibition of Escherichia coli to urothelial cells. Cysticlean contains an extract of American cranberry which provides 118 mg of PACs per dose. The activity of Cysticlean tablets on Escherichia Coli adherence to bladder epithelial cells has been studied in vitro. Moreover, the activity of Cistyclean both in powder for oral suspension and tablets has been compared ex-vivo. The rats received both Cysticlean preparations per orem, and urine from each animal was collected during the following 16 hours and preincubated with E. coli. Subsequently, bacteria were incubated with T24 cells. After 1 hour the number of bacteria adhered per cell was calculated. For the in vitro study, E. Coli preincubated at various concentrations of the products were incubated with T24 cells and the same process previously referred was carried out. Urine...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro activity of fifteen essential oils, ... more The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro activity of fifteen essential oils, four essential oil fractions and three pure compounds (thymol, carvacrol and eugenol) on phagocytosis by human neutrophils and on complement system. Samples were characterized by GC and GC-MS. Most of the oils (nutmeg, clove, niaouli, tea tree, bay laurel, lemon, red thyme, ginger), nutmeg terpenes, eugenol and carvacrol showed mild to moderate inhibition of phagocytosis (25-40% inhibition at doses ranging from 40 µg/mL to 60 µg/mL); highest inhibitory activity was found for thymol (72% at 56 µg/mL), whereas the mixture of bornyl and isobornyl acetates showed a mild stimulating activity (21% at 56 µg/mL). All samples were inactive in the alternative pathway of complement system, whereas on classical pathway, clove oil, eugenol, palmarosa oil, red thyme oil, tarragon oil and carvacrol showed the highest activity, with IC50 ranging from 65 µg/mL to 78 µg/mL.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Jan 31, 2014
This study aimed to evaluate the possible antioxidant activity of Tween-20 and Tween-80, two amph... more This study aimed to evaluate the possible antioxidant activity of Tween-20 and Tween-80, two amphipathic nonionic surfactants commonly used as solubilizers and stabilizers, whose pharmacological effects have been ignored to a large degree. Antioxidant activity was investigated in vitro measuring the scavenging activity on the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(●) ), the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in activated human neutrophils using flow cytometry and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitory activity. Tween-20 and Tween-80 did not show scavenging activity on DPPH(●) , while produced a decrease of the ROS production in human neutrophils, being Tween-20 more active than Tween-80. Moreover, Tween-80 and Tween-20 were found to significantly stimulate MPO enzymatic activity. Our findings raise concerns with regard to the indiscriminate use of Tween-20 and Tween-80 in clinical and laboratory testing, since they could influence the results that are assigne...
Background: Nonpharmacological interventions, such as throat and pharynx demulcents and emollient... more Background: Nonpharmacological interventions, such as throat and pharynx demulcents and emollients, are an alternative for cough management and mucosa protection, especially in children, who experience upper respiratory infection-associated acute cough almost four times more than adults. The aim of this trial was to assess the effectiveness of Sediflù®, a medical device containing active herbal ingredients, on nocturnal and diurnal persistent coughs in children, with a duration of 3 to 7 days. Methods: Children with a dry and/or productive cough were enrolled in this prospective, interventional, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical study. Clinical efficacy was assessed through the evaluation of the soothing action of Sediflù® against dry and/or productive coughing, both at night and during the day and other effects of coughing associated with quality of sleep: frequency, child’s quality of sleep, parental quality of sleep, severity and bothersomeness. R...
Abscisic acid (ABA) can improve glucose homeostasis and reduce inflammation in mammals by activat... more Abscisic acid (ABA) can improve glucose homeostasis and reduce inflammation in mammals by activating lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2). This study examined the effects of two fig fruit extracts (FFEs), each administered at two different ABA doses, on glycemic index (GI) and insulinemic index (II) to a standard glucose drink. In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 10 healthy adults consumed 4 test beverages containing FFE with postprandial glucose and insulin assessed at regular intervals over 2 h to determine GI and II responses. Test beverages containing 200 mg FFE-50× and 1200 mg FFE-10× significantly reduced GI values by −25% (P = 0.001) and −24% (P = 0.002), respectively. Two lower doses of FFE also reduced GI values compared with the reference drink (by approximately −14%), but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Addition of FFE to the glucose solution significantly reduced II values at all dosages and displayed a clear dose-response reduction...
Fifteen essential oils, four essential oil fractions, and three pure compounds (thymol, carvacrol... more Fifteen essential oils, four essential oil fractions, and three pure compounds (thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol), characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were investigated for biological and nonbiological antioxidant activity. Clove oil and eugenol showed strong DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 13.2 μg/mL and 11.7 μg/mL, respectively) and powerfully inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human neutrophils stimulated by PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) (IC50 = 7.5 μg/mL and 1.6 μg/mL) or H2O2 (IC50 = 22.6 μg/mL and 27.1 μg/mL). Nutmeg, ginger, and palmarosa oils were also highly active on this test. Essential oils from clove and ginger, as well as eugenol, carvacrol, and bornyl acetate inhibited NO (nitric oxide) production (IC50 < 50.0 μg/mL). The oils of clove, red thyme, and Spanish oregano, together with eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol showed the highest myeloperoxidase inhibitory activity. Isomers carvacrol and thymol displayed a disparate behavior in some tests. All in all, clove oil and eugenol offered the best antioxidant profile.
ABSTRACT El fruto del sauzgatillo o agnocasto (Vitex agnus castus L.) mejora la sintomatología de... more ABSTRACT El fruto del sauzgatillo o agnocasto (Vitex agnus castus L.) mejora la sintomatología del síndrome premenstrual, especialmente la mastodinia, debido a un efecto dopaminérgico sobre receptores D2. Esta actividad es atribuida a los diterpenos, principalmente al rotundifurano ( diterpeno labdánico) y a otros compuestos aislados recientemnete, que presental mayor actividad dopaminérgica. Entre estos últimos destacan los diterpenos clerodanos que son, también, potentes inhibidores de la liberación de prolactina, hecho relacionado con la reducción de los elevados niveles de esta hormona que produce el furto del sauzgatillo en la fase final del ciclo menstrual. In vitro, se ha demostrado la interacción selectiva sobre el receptor estrogénico b (ERB), y en este sentido la apigenina se ha identificado como el componente más activo. Además, la actividad farmacológica se relaciona con la capacidad de unirse a receptores opiáceos. Adicionalmente, la utilización fitoterapeútica de preparados del fruto del sauzgatillo para el tratamiento de los transtornos perimenstruales se ha puesto de manifiesto en diversos estudios clínicos.
Objectives: The American cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) are the main responsible for its effi... more Objectives: The American cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) are the main responsible for its efficacy in urinary tract infections. Their mechanism of action is related to inhibition of Escherichia coli to urothelial cells. Cysticlean contains an extract of American cranberry which provides 118 mg of PACs per dose. The activity of Cysticlean tablets on Escherichia Coli adherence to bladder epithelial cells has been studied in vitro. Moreover, the activity of Cistyclean both in powder for oral suspension and tablets has been compared ex-vivo. Methods: The rats received both Cysticlean preparations per orem, and urine from each animal was collected during the following 16 hours and preincubated with E. coli. Subsequently, bacteria were incubated with T24 cells. After 1 hour the number of bacteria adhered per cell was calculated. For the in vitro study, E. Coli preincubated at various concentrations of the products were incubated with T24 cells and the same process previously referred was carried out. Results: Urine samples from rats taking Cysticlean powder for oral suspension and tablets (118 mg PACs/animal) showed an important inhibition of E. Coli adherence (83% and 52%respectively). The inferior dose of 59 mg PACs/animal also showed marked inhibition of E. Coli adherence (29% after Cysticlean tablets intake and 40% for powder). In vitro, Cysticlean showed inhibition of bacterial adherence in all tested concentrations: 5, 25 and 75 PACs mg/ml, diminishing the number og bacteria adhered to epithelial cells by 25%, 36% and 34% respectively. Conclusions: Cysticlean shows a significant inhibition of E. Coli adherence to urothelial cells. Cysticlean powder for suspensión preparation is more effective tha tablets. Cysticlean powder for suspensión is well tolerated, and compliance has been observed. Its use is very recommendable in pediatric urinary tract infection prophylaxis. Due to the variety of products with American cranberry extracts in the market, with different proanthocyanidins declared content, it would be interesting to compare their activity using established pharmacological methods.
El trebol rojo (Trifo/ium pratense L.) se caracteriza qufmicamente por su riqueza en isoflavonas,... more El trebol rojo (Trifo/ium pratense L.) se caracteriza qufmicamente por su riqueza en isoflavonas, conteniendo tanto derivados sin metilar como metilados. Existen suficientes evidencias clfnicas que avalan la eficacia de las isoflavonas del trebol rojo en el tratamiento de los sintomas climatericos vasomotores y el beneficio sobre el perfil lipfdico. Ademas, los resultados muestran una posible eficacia en el mantenimiento de la salud osea y una mejora de la comp/iance arterial, disminuyendo asi el riesgo de aterosclerosis. Los datos recopilados muestran que las isoflavonas del trebol rojo pueden aportar considerables beneficios en la mujer postmenopausica, tanto en el tratamiento de los sintomas asociados a la menopausia, como en la mejora de la salud osea y cardiovascular, con efectos beneficiosos sobre la mama y sobre el endometrio.
Uncaria tometosa (Willd) DC., conocida popularmente como uña de gato, es el nombre botánico de un... more Uncaria tometosa (Willd) DC., conocida popularmente como uña de gato, es el nombre botánico de una liana originaria de la amazonía peruana. En esa zona, la uña de gato es una de las plantas medicinales más importantes, utilizándose tradicionalmente la corteza del tallo y de la raíz para diversas afecciones inflamatorias. Los principales constituyentes de la corteza son alcaloides osindólicos, heterósidos triterpénicos y proantocianidinas. En diferentes modelos experimentales, se han demostrado las actividades antioxidante, antiinflamatoria, antimutagénica, inmunoestimulante, antitumoral y antiviral de la corteza de uña de gato. Los resultado de los estudios farmacológicos, toxicológicos y clínicos muestran que la corteza de uña de gato constituye un tratamiento beneficioso y seguro de la osteoartritis y de la artritis reumatoide.
El uso racional de la Fitoterapia se asienta en los requisitos de calidad, seguridad y eficacia. ... more El uso racional de la Fitoterapia se asienta en los requisitos de calidad, seguridad y eficacia. Uno de los aspectos que más preocupan al profesional de la salud es conocer las posibles interacciones entre los preparados a base de plantas medicinales y los fármacos de síntesis, especialmente los que tienen un margen terapéutico más estrecho, como los anticoagulantes y los inmunosupresores. Aunque existen multitud de publicaciones sobre el tema, los resultados que ofrecen son a menudo contradictorios y no siempre están basados en evidencias clínicas. En este trabajo mostramos las interacciones descritas en las monografías de referencia en la actualidad: las de la EMA (Agencia Europea del Medicamento) y de ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy), que ofrecen datos relevantes desde el punto de vista clínico, tanto en lo que respecta a indicaciones como a precauciones. Su análisis nos muestra que el número de drogas vegetales que interaccionan con medicamentos es relativ...
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jan 11, 2015
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro activity of 15 essential oils, 4 ess... more The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro activity of 15 essential oils, 4 essential oil fractions, and 3 pure compounds (thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol) on phagocytosis by human neutrophils and on complement system. Samples were characterized by GC and GC-MS. Most of the oils (nutmeg, clove, niaouli, tea tree, bay laurel, lemon, red thyme, ginger), nutmeg terpenes, eugenol, and carvacrol showed mild to moderate inhibition of phagocytosis (25-40% inhibition at doses ranging from 40 to 60 μg/mL); highest inhibitory activity was found for thymol (72% at 56 μg/mL), whereas the mixture of bornyl and isobornyl acetates showed a mild stimulating activity (21% at 56 μg/mL). All samples were inactive in the alternative pathway of complement system, whereas on classical pathway, clove oil, eugenol, palmarosa oil, red thyme oil, tarragon oil, and carvacrol showed the highest activity, with IC50 values ranging from 65 to 78 μg/mL.
The American cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) are the main responsible for its efficacy in urin... more The American cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) are the main responsible for its efficacy in urinary tract infections. Their mechanism of action is related to inhibition of Escherichia coli to urothelial cells. Cysticlean contains an extract of American cranberry which provides 118 mg of PACs per dose. The activity of Cysticlean tablets on Escherichia Coli adherence to bladder epithelial cells has been studied in vitro. Moreover, the activity of Cistyclean both in powder for oral suspension and tablets has been compared ex-vivo. The rats received both Cysticlean preparations per orem, and urine from each animal was collected during the following 16 hours and preincubated with E. coli. Subsequently, bacteria were incubated with T24 cells. After 1 hour the number of bacteria adhered per cell was calculated. For the in vitro study, E. Coli preincubated at various concentrations of the products were incubated with T24 cells and the same process previously referred was carried out. Urine...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro activity of fifteen essential oils, ... more The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro activity of fifteen essential oils, four essential oil fractions and three pure compounds (thymol, carvacrol and eugenol) on phagocytosis by human neutrophils and on complement system. Samples were characterized by GC and GC-MS. Most of the oils (nutmeg, clove, niaouli, tea tree, bay laurel, lemon, red thyme, ginger), nutmeg terpenes, eugenol and carvacrol showed mild to moderate inhibition of phagocytosis (25-40% inhibition at doses ranging from 40 µg/mL to 60 µg/mL); highest inhibitory activity was found for thymol (72% at 56 µg/mL), whereas the mixture of bornyl and isobornyl acetates showed a mild stimulating activity (21% at 56 µg/mL). All samples were inactive in the alternative pathway of complement system, whereas on classical pathway, clove oil, eugenol, palmarosa oil, red thyme oil, tarragon oil and carvacrol showed the highest activity, with IC50 ranging from 65 µg/mL to 78 µg/mL.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Jan 31, 2014
This study aimed to evaluate the possible antioxidant activity of Tween-20 and Tween-80, two amph... more This study aimed to evaluate the possible antioxidant activity of Tween-20 and Tween-80, two amphipathic nonionic surfactants commonly used as solubilizers and stabilizers, whose pharmacological effects have been ignored to a large degree. Antioxidant activity was investigated in vitro measuring the scavenging activity on the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(●) ), the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in activated human neutrophils using flow cytometry and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitory activity. Tween-20 and Tween-80 did not show scavenging activity on DPPH(●) , while produced a decrease of the ROS production in human neutrophils, being Tween-20 more active than Tween-80. Moreover, Tween-80 and Tween-20 were found to significantly stimulate MPO enzymatic activity. Our findings raise concerns with regard to the indiscriminate use of Tween-20 and Tween-80 in clinical and laboratory testing, since they could influence the results that are assigne...
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