1. Alexandre Duchene, Melissa Moyer & Celia Roberts: Introduction: Recasting Institutions and Wor... more 1. Alexandre Duchene, Melissa Moyer & Celia Roberts: Introduction: Recasting Institutions and Work in Multilingual and Transnational Spaces Part I: Sites of Control 2. Eva Codo: Trade Unions and NGOs under Neoliberalism: Between Regimenting Migrants and Subverting the State 3. Kori Allan: Skilling the Self: The Communicability of Immigrants as Flexible Labour Part II: Sites of Selection 4. Celia Roberts: The Gatekeeping of Babel: Job Interviews and the Linguistic Penalty 5. Ingrid Piller & Kimie Takahashi: Language Work aboard the Low-Cost Airline 6. Luisa Martin Rojo: (De) Capitalising Students through Linguistic Practices. A Comparative Analysis of New Educational Programmes in a Global Era 7. Vally Lytra: From Kebabci to Professional: The Commodification of Language and Social Mobility in Turkish Complementary Schools in the UK Part III: Sites of Resistance 8. Werner Holly & Ulrike Hanna Meinhof: 'Integration hatten wir letztes jahr.' Official Discourses of Integration an...
BackgroundDifferential performance in clinical skills assessments is a widespread phenomenon, for... more BackgroundDifferential performance in clinical skills assessments is a widespread phenomenon, for which there remain few explanations.AimTo better understand the conversational contexts of simulated consultations and how candidates actually behave in these consultations and to determine sociolinguistic factors for high- and low-performing candidates.Design & settingTaking the Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners' (MRCGP) clinical skills assessment (CSA) examination as a model, this research applied sociolinguistic analyses to case videos of 198 consecutive candidates presenting for the CSA examination.MethodUsing a mixed-methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative sociolinguistics methodologies were combined to analyse video consultations, and findings were compared with those from group discussions with MRCGP examiners.ResultsThere is more ‘talk’ in simulated consultations than in real life. On macroanalysis, there was little difference between poor-...
This book is based on research looking at performance in clinical skills assessment from a lingui... more This book is based on research looking at performance in clinical skills assessment from a linguistic and cultural perspective, with a view to understanding why there are such differential pass rates and giving suggestions on how this issue can be tackled. It is both a research report and a guide to the sociolinguistic methodology used. While the findings are based on a research project in partnership with the Royal College of General Practitioners, they are applicable to many other medical settings where standardised examinations of simulated consultations are used. More widely, this research addresses a central paradox in institutional life – how to balance validity in assessments and be fair to a diverse group of candidates in an increasingly diverse society, while maintaining reliability with standardised and universal marking criteria. It has been widely acknowledged that candidates from overseas fair less well in such examinations. A close look at the interactions which make u...
... Record Details - EJ268443. Title: Needs Analysis for ESP Programmes. Full-Text Availability O... more ... Record Details - EJ268443. Title: Needs Analysis for ESP Programmes. Full-Text Availability Options: ... Related Items: Show Related Items. Click on any of the links below to perform a new search. Title: Needs Analysis for ESP Programmes. Authors: Roberts, Celia. ...
In this important, refreshing, and demanding book, Guniperz and Levinson bring together recent ch... more In this important, refreshing, and demanding book, Guniperz and Levinson bring together recent changes in thinking about linguistic relativity in the light of developments in linguistics, anthropology, and the cognitive sciences. I t combines both extensive theoretical discussion with significant empirical studies and in doing so, rchabilitates linguistic relativity as a key notion in our understanding of language and ciiltiiral practice. Whorf is both critiqued and shown to have been misunderstood, but most importantly, what is durable and significant about the notion of linguistic relativity in late modernity is seriously and rigorously discussed. Parts One and T\vo examine the classical interpretation of linguistic relativity. While the former re-examines the lexico-grammatical studies, Part Two looks at the relationship between semantic/conceptual universals and notions of relativity. Parts Three and Four consider the impact of the recent discourse/contextual turn on earlier cognitive orientations. Part Three considers the role of context in cultural intcrprctation and Part Four examines the impact of contextually based relativity on social interaction and language socialization. The introductions by Gurnperz and Levinson are typical of the book in not eschewing controversy. Dissent and differences of opinion are aired and both support and challenges come from surprising quarters. In the introductory historical overview and in the range of orientations and themes from different discipline areas, this book demonstrates the unproductive nature of taking either a pro or anti view on “linguistic determinism.” Through detailed empirical work in specific domains, for example spatial arrangements, a number of the authors demonstrate the complex interrelationship of the universal and the IocaVrelative and some of the differences bet\veen thinking and thinking for speaking. This latter point is the central argument in Slobin’s chapter in Part one. The special kind of thinking that is intimately tied to language is evidenced in the obligatory grammatical categories which direct speakers’ attention to certain ways of construing scenes. Slobin’s well known work on contrastive narrative styles in different languages is used to illustrate how a particular feature such as aspectual distinction may be asserted in one language and only implied in another. Thus critiquing the Whorfian notion that a whole language can be described as similar or different from another, while at the same time demonstrating the pervasiveness of linguistic relativity across specific features of language. In Part hvo, Levinson argues that linguistic universals act as constraints or filters, leaving open the possibility of variation: “Thus universal constraints do not guarantee us a familiar world in other cultures, they merely seem to promise some limits to the strangeness..’’ (p. 137). Levinson’s position is supported by Bowerman whose \vork on Korean and English suggests that despite the universals in nonlinguistic spatial cognition, children rapidly adopt language
1. Alexandre Duchene, Melissa Moyer & Celia Roberts: Introduction: Recasting Institutions and Wor... more 1. Alexandre Duchene, Melissa Moyer & Celia Roberts: Introduction: Recasting Institutions and Work in Multilingual and Transnational Spaces Part I: Sites of Control 2. Eva Codo: Trade Unions and NGOs under Neoliberalism: Between Regimenting Migrants and Subverting the State 3. Kori Allan: Skilling the Self: The Communicability of Immigrants as Flexible Labour Part II: Sites of Selection 4. Celia Roberts: The Gatekeeping of Babel: Job Interviews and the Linguistic Penalty 5. Ingrid Piller & Kimie Takahashi: Language Work aboard the Low-Cost Airline 6. Luisa Martin Rojo: (De) Capitalising Students through Linguistic Practices. A Comparative Analysis of New Educational Programmes in a Global Era 7. Vally Lytra: From Kebabci to Professional: The Commodification of Language and Social Mobility in Turkish Complementary Schools in the UK Part III: Sites of Resistance 8. Werner Holly & Ulrike Hanna Meinhof: 'Integration hatten wir letztes jahr.' Official Discourses of Integration an...
BackgroundDifferential performance in clinical skills assessments is a widespread phenomenon, for... more BackgroundDifferential performance in clinical skills assessments is a widespread phenomenon, for which there remain few explanations.AimTo better understand the conversational contexts of simulated consultations and how candidates actually behave in these consultations and to determine sociolinguistic factors for high- and low-performing candidates.Design & settingTaking the Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners' (MRCGP) clinical skills assessment (CSA) examination as a model, this research applied sociolinguistic analyses to case videos of 198 consecutive candidates presenting for the CSA examination.MethodUsing a mixed-methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative sociolinguistics methodologies were combined to analyse video consultations, and findings were compared with those from group discussions with MRCGP examiners.ResultsThere is more ‘talk’ in simulated consultations than in real life. On macroanalysis, there was little difference between poor-...
This book is based on research looking at performance in clinical skills assessment from a lingui... more This book is based on research looking at performance in clinical skills assessment from a linguistic and cultural perspective, with a view to understanding why there are such differential pass rates and giving suggestions on how this issue can be tackled. It is both a research report and a guide to the sociolinguistic methodology used. While the findings are based on a research project in partnership with the Royal College of General Practitioners, they are applicable to many other medical settings where standardised examinations of simulated consultations are used. More widely, this research addresses a central paradox in institutional life – how to balance validity in assessments and be fair to a diverse group of candidates in an increasingly diverse society, while maintaining reliability with standardised and universal marking criteria. It has been widely acknowledged that candidates from overseas fair less well in such examinations. A close look at the interactions which make u...
... Record Details - EJ268443. Title: Needs Analysis for ESP Programmes. Full-Text Availability O... more ... Record Details - EJ268443. Title: Needs Analysis for ESP Programmes. Full-Text Availability Options: ... Related Items: Show Related Items. Click on any of the links below to perform a new search. Title: Needs Analysis for ESP Programmes. Authors: Roberts, Celia. ...
In this important, refreshing, and demanding book, Guniperz and Levinson bring together recent ch... more In this important, refreshing, and demanding book, Guniperz and Levinson bring together recent changes in thinking about linguistic relativity in the light of developments in linguistics, anthropology, and the cognitive sciences. I t combines both extensive theoretical discussion with significant empirical studies and in doing so, rchabilitates linguistic relativity as a key notion in our understanding of language and ciiltiiral practice. Whorf is both critiqued and shown to have been misunderstood, but most importantly, what is durable and significant about the notion of linguistic relativity in late modernity is seriously and rigorously discussed. Parts One and T\vo examine the classical interpretation of linguistic relativity. While the former re-examines the lexico-grammatical studies, Part Two looks at the relationship between semantic/conceptual universals and notions of relativity. Parts Three and Four consider the impact of the recent discourse/contextual turn on earlier cognitive orientations. Part Three considers the role of context in cultural intcrprctation and Part Four examines the impact of contextually based relativity on social interaction and language socialization. The introductions by Gurnperz and Levinson are typical of the book in not eschewing controversy. Dissent and differences of opinion are aired and both support and challenges come from surprising quarters. In the introductory historical overview and in the range of orientations and themes from different discipline areas, this book demonstrates the unproductive nature of taking either a pro or anti view on “linguistic determinism.” Through detailed empirical work in specific domains, for example spatial arrangements, a number of the authors demonstrate the complex interrelationship of the universal and the IocaVrelative and some of the differences bet\veen thinking and thinking for speaking. This latter point is the central argument in Slobin’s chapter in Part one. The special kind of thinking that is intimately tied to language is evidenced in the obligatory grammatical categories which direct speakers’ attention to certain ways of construing scenes. Slobin’s well known work on contrastive narrative styles in different languages is used to illustrate how a particular feature such as aspectual distinction may be asserted in one language and only implied in another. Thus critiquing the Whorfian notion that a whole language can be described as similar or different from another, while at the same time demonstrating the pervasiveness of linguistic relativity across specific features of language. In Part hvo, Levinson argues that linguistic universals act as constraints or filters, leaving open the possibility of variation: “Thus universal constraints do not guarantee us a familiar world in other cultures, they merely seem to promise some limits to the strangeness..’’ (p. 137). Levinson’s position is supported by Bowerman whose \vork on Korean and English suggests that despite the universals in nonlinguistic spatial cognition, children rapidly adopt language
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