Biogenic synthesis of CuO/rGO nanocomposites was carried out successfully using Terminalia Arjuna... more Biogenic synthesis of CuO/rGO nanocomposites was carried out successfully using Terminalia Arjuna bark extract. Various analytical methods such as UV-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Field...
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have engrossed massive consideration in the last decade, owing to... more Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have engrossed massive consideration in the last decade, owing to their better adsorption properties as compared to those of the organic as well as inorganic materials...
Abstract Contamination of natural resources by unwanted harmful chemical species is increasing da... more Abstract Contamination of natural resources by unwanted harmful chemical species is increasing day by day. After the use of pesticides in agricultural fields, some harmful residues are always left behind which become the major source of pollution. Among all the pollutants, toxic residues of agricultural pesticides cause numerous diseases as they directly pollute soil and water. Biodegradation by microorganisms is a natural process for eliminating pesticides whereas physical adsorption, membrane separation and advanced oxidation process are also used for removing pesticides. These methods are time consuming and unable to attain complete degradation of pesticide residues. Recently, various organic and inorganic compounds have been synthesized to achieve the targeted goal. Semiconductor materials have a tendency to generate electron-hole charge carriers which further contribute towards oxidation and reduction of pesticides. Large band gap value and fast recombination rate of charge carriers in basic semiconductor materials reduces their catalytic properties. Advancement in this field has been achieved by fabricating a composite by combination of two semiconductors having different band gap values. This newly formed composite exhibited excellent results for photocatalytic degradation of pesticides. The present review focuses on discussion of heterojunctions used for pesticide degradation and their catalytic efficiency in UV or visible radiations. Various investigations have proved that these synthesized materials are cost effective and efficient for utilization as photocatalysts for abating the pollution caused by pesticides.
In the field of photocatalysis, fabrication of a heterojunction structure with effective charge s... more In the field of photocatalysis, fabrication of a heterojunction structure with effective charge separation at the interface and charge shift to enhance the photocatalytic activity has acquired extensive consideration. In...
Graphene is one of the astounding recent advancements in current science and one of the most enco... more Graphene is one of the astounding recent advancements in current science and one of the most encouraging materials for application in cutting-edge electronic gadgets.
The present investigation covers the synthesis, characterization and applications of a novel nano... more The present investigation covers the synthesis, characterization and applications of a novel nano-composite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes–tin zirconium molybdophosphate (MWCNTs–SnZrMoP) ion exchanger. The synthesized material was characterized by various instrumental techniques viz. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric/ differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The nano-composite exhibited an ion exchange capacity of 2.56 meq g−1, which is higher than its inorganic counterpart SnZrMoP (1.95 meq g−1). The distribution studies confirmed that the as-synthesized nano-composite was selective for barium ions. The nano-composite was employed to fabricate an ion-selective electrode which showed a sub-Nernstian response for barium ions in the concentration range 1 × 10−7 M—1 × 10−1 M, with a response time of 11 s. The average slope of the calibration curve was observed to be 23.3 mV/decade with 1.78 × 10−8 M as limit of detection (LOD). The synthesized material was also used as a heterogeneous catalyst in esterification reactions of some primary alcohols due to its high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability. The esters produced were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and FT-IR techniques.
With their ability to dissolve inorganic as well as organic materials, ionic liquids have emerged... more With their ability to dissolve inorganic as well as organic materials, ionic liquids have emerged as a versatile solvent system for a diverse range of organic transformations. In the past few decades, the literature has witnessed remarkable advances in a wide range of organic conversions carried out in the presence of various imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, quinolinium and diazobicyclo-octane based ionic liquids. In the reaction, ionic liquids serve as a solvent, catalyst or sometimes both. In certain cases, they are also modified with metal nanoparticles or complexes to form heterogeneous catalysts or are immobilized onto solid support like agar-agar to act as solid-support catalysts. Reactions catalysed by ionic liquids incorporating chiral catalysts possess the advantageous features of being highly enantioselective and reproducible, besides being economical and easy to handle. In this review, an updated insight regarding the role played by ionic liquids in various C-C bon...
A silver nanoparticle (AgNP)–tin zirconium(iv) molybdophosphate (SnZrMoP) nano-composite was synt... more A silver nanoparticle (AgNP)–tin zirconium(iv) molybdophosphate (SnZrMoP) nano-composite was synthesized by a superficial and green synthetic approach using mulberry leaf extract, with the plant extract playing the role of a reducing agent as well as a capping agent.
Abstract In this study, new nanocomposite ion-exchange membranes were prepared by incorporating g... more Abstract In this study, new nanocomposite ion-exchange membranes were prepared by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) in the inorganic matrix of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) by sol-gel method. The synthesized GO-ZrP membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Water content and ion exchange capacity were found to increase initially with increase in concentration of GO up to 0.2 wt% and then decreased with further increase in concentration of GO. The electrochemical properties of prepared membranes like membrane potential, transport number, fixed charge density, permeability and ionic flux were explored. The fabricated membranes exhibited higher membrane potential, transport number and fixed charge density for monovalent ions (NaCl) than those for bivalent ions (BaCl2). These membranes exhibited lower permeability and ionic flux for bivalent ions as compared to those for monovalent ions. The conductivity measurements for both monovalent and bivalent ions were performed on the nanocomposite membranes, and it was noticed that the conductivity of the membranes was higher for monovalent ions.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
ABSTRACT A new nano-composite cation exchanger poly-o-toluidine tin-zirconium (IV) molybdophospha... more ABSTRACT A new nano-composite cation exchanger poly-o-toluidine tin-zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate (PTD-SnZrMoP) was synthesised by incorporating conducting polymer poly-o-toluidine into a novel four-component inorganic cation exchanger tin-zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate with two cations and two anions. The nano-composite was characterised by FTIR, FESEM, TEM, XRD and TGA/DTA techniques. The ion exchange capacity of the nano-composite ion exchanger (2.40 meq/g) was observed to be higher as compared to that of its inorganic counterpart (1.95meq/g). The nanocomposite was found to be thermally stable, and retained 60.4% of its ion exchange capacity up to a temperature of 400°C. Elution behaviour, thermal stability, chemical stability, distribution studies and quantitative separations of metal ions from synthetic binary mixtures as well as real life effluent samples from a thermal power plant on poly-o-toluidine tin-zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate nano-composite exchanger were also investigated. The nano-composite was employed for the quantitative separation of Hg (II) ions from thermal power plant effluents.
A new composite cation exchange material poly-o-toluidine–zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate (PTD–Zr... more A new composite cation exchange material poly-o-toluidine–zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate (PTD–ZrMoP) was synthesized by sol–gel method through the incorporation of inorganic gel of zirconium(IV) molybdophosphate in the organic polymer poly-o-toluidine. The PTD–ZrMoP was characterized by FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM, XRD and TGA/DTA techniques. Elution behavior, thermal stability, pH titrations, chemical stability, distribution studies and quantitative separation of metal ions in binary synthetic mixtures and real life samples on nanocomposite ion exchanger were also investigated. The ion-exchange capacity of the nanocomposite ion exchanger (0.84 meq/g) has been observed to be higher compared to that of its inorganic counterpart (0.49 meq/g). The nanocomposite was found to be thermally stable and retained 71.43% of its ion-exchange capacity up to 300 °C temperature. The environmental applicability of the PTD–ZrMoP nanocomposite was explored by achieving binary separations and selective separation of Pb2+ from synthetic mixtures of metal ions. The analytical utility of nanocomposite ion exchanger has been established by the separation of harmful Pb2+ ions from waste water samples obtained from paint industry, textile industry and lead storage battery unit, and by the quantitative estimation of Ca2+ ions in a commercially available pharmaceutical formula.
Ionic liquid doped PVC based nanocomposite membranes, with varying crystallinity that affects the... more Ionic liquid doped PVC based nanocomposite membranes, with varying crystallinity that affects their physicochemical properties, are prepared and characterized.
ABSTRACT A new form of nanocomposite zirconium phosphoborate (ZrPB) ion exchanger incorporating m... more ABSTRACT A new form of nanocomposite zirconium phosphoborate (ZrPB) ion exchanger incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been fabricated and studied. Commercial purity CNTs were used as dopant in ZrPB matrix. The topography and morphology of the composite has been explored with the help of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The microscopy results confirm the spherical nature and 2–5 nm size of ZrPB particles. CNTs are well reinforced evenly in ZrPB matrix. Multifunctionality of the nanocomposite ion exchange material has been studied for electrochemical characteristics as well as for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye.
Colloids and Interface Science Communications, 2015
Abstract Zinc oxide–zirconium (IV) phosphate (ZnO ZrP) nanocomposite was synthesized by sol gel m... more Abstract Zinc oxide–zirconium (IV) phosphate (ZnO ZrP) nanocomposite was synthesized by sol gel method at pH ≈ 2. It was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA/DSC). The nanocomposite was also explored for different properties such as ion exchange capacity, membrane potential, transport number, permselectivity, and fixed charge density. The nanocomposite ion exchanger showed an ion-exchange capacity of 0.60 meq/g for Na+ ions. The effect of addition of ZnO nanoparticles on the properties of zirconium (IV) phosphate ion-exchange membrane has been studied. The membrane was characterized at different electrolyte concentrations. Interestingly, the nanocomposite also displayed some antibacterial activity towards the Gram negative E. coli culture.
The chemically and thermally most stable sample of zirconium phosphoborate is prepared by adding ... more The chemically and thermally most stable sample of zirconium phosphoborate is prepared by adding a 0.1 mol L-1 aqueous solution of zirconium oxychloride to a continuously stirred mixture of 0.1 mol L-1 aqueous solution of boric acid and 0.1 mol L-1 aqueous solution of phosphoric acid. Its ion exchange capacity for Na + and K + was found to be 0.29 and 0.58 meqg-1 respectively for dry exchanger. The material has been characterized on the basis of chemical composition, SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. It has been observed that the ion exchange capacity and crystallinity of the ion exchanger decreases with increase in temperature.
Biogenic synthesis of CuO/rGO nanocomposites was carried out successfully using Terminalia Arjuna... more Biogenic synthesis of CuO/rGO nanocomposites was carried out successfully using Terminalia Arjuna bark extract. Various analytical methods such as UV-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Field...
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have engrossed massive consideration in the last decade, owing to... more Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have engrossed massive consideration in the last decade, owing to their better adsorption properties as compared to those of the organic as well as inorganic materials...
Abstract Contamination of natural resources by unwanted harmful chemical species is increasing da... more Abstract Contamination of natural resources by unwanted harmful chemical species is increasing day by day. After the use of pesticides in agricultural fields, some harmful residues are always left behind which become the major source of pollution. Among all the pollutants, toxic residues of agricultural pesticides cause numerous diseases as they directly pollute soil and water. Biodegradation by microorganisms is a natural process for eliminating pesticides whereas physical adsorption, membrane separation and advanced oxidation process are also used for removing pesticides. These methods are time consuming and unable to attain complete degradation of pesticide residues. Recently, various organic and inorganic compounds have been synthesized to achieve the targeted goal. Semiconductor materials have a tendency to generate electron-hole charge carriers which further contribute towards oxidation and reduction of pesticides. Large band gap value and fast recombination rate of charge carriers in basic semiconductor materials reduces their catalytic properties. Advancement in this field has been achieved by fabricating a composite by combination of two semiconductors having different band gap values. This newly formed composite exhibited excellent results for photocatalytic degradation of pesticides. The present review focuses on discussion of heterojunctions used for pesticide degradation and their catalytic efficiency in UV or visible radiations. Various investigations have proved that these synthesized materials are cost effective and efficient for utilization as photocatalysts for abating the pollution caused by pesticides.
In the field of photocatalysis, fabrication of a heterojunction structure with effective charge s... more In the field of photocatalysis, fabrication of a heterojunction structure with effective charge separation at the interface and charge shift to enhance the photocatalytic activity has acquired extensive consideration. In...
Graphene is one of the astounding recent advancements in current science and one of the most enco... more Graphene is one of the astounding recent advancements in current science and one of the most encouraging materials for application in cutting-edge electronic gadgets.
The present investigation covers the synthesis, characterization and applications of a novel nano... more The present investigation covers the synthesis, characterization and applications of a novel nano-composite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes–tin zirconium molybdophosphate (MWCNTs–SnZrMoP) ion exchanger. The synthesized material was characterized by various instrumental techniques viz. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric/ differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The nano-composite exhibited an ion exchange capacity of 2.56 meq g−1, which is higher than its inorganic counterpart SnZrMoP (1.95 meq g−1). The distribution studies confirmed that the as-synthesized nano-composite was selective for barium ions. The nano-composite was employed to fabricate an ion-selective electrode which showed a sub-Nernstian response for barium ions in the concentration range 1 × 10−7 M—1 × 10−1 M, with a response time of 11 s. The average slope of the calibration curve was observed to be 23.3 mV/decade with 1.78 × 10−8 M as limit of detection (LOD). The synthesized material was also used as a heterogeneous catalyst in esterification reactions of some primary alcohols due to its high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability. The esters produced were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and FT-IR techniques.
With their ability to dissolve inorganic as well as organic materials, ionic liquids have emerged... more With their ability to dissolve inorganic as well as organic materials, ionic liquids have emerged as a versatile solvent system for a diverse range of organic transformations. In the past few decades, the literature has witnessed remarkable advances in a wide range of organic conversions carried out in the presence of various imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, quinolinium and diazobicyclo-octane based ionic liquids. In the reaction, ionic liquids serve as a solvent, catalyst or sometimes both. In certain cases, they are also modified with metal nanoparticles or complexes to form heterogeneous catalysts or are immobilized onto solid support like agar-agar to act as solid-support catalysts. Reactions catalysed by ionic liquids incorporating chiral catalysts possess the advantageous features of being highly enantioselective and reproducible, besides being economical and easy to handle. In this review, an updated insight regarding the role played by ionic liquids in various C-C bon...
A silver nanoparticle (AgNP)–tin zirconium(iv) molybdophosphate (SnZrMoP) nano-composite was synt... more A silver nanoparticle (AgNP)–tin zirconium(iv) molybdophosphate (SnZrMoP) nano-composite was synthesized by a superficial and green synthetic approach using mulberry leaf extract, with the plant extract playing the role of a reducing agent as well as a capping agent.
Abstract In this study, new nanocomposite ion-exchange membranes were prepared by incorporating g... more Abstract In this study, new nanocomposite ion-exchange membranes were prepared by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) in the inorganic matrix of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) by sol-gel method. The synthesized GO-ZrP membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Water content and ion exchange capacity were found to increase initially with increase in concentration of GO up to 0.2 wt% and then decreased with further increase in concentration of GO. The electrochemical properties of prepared membranes like membrane potential, transport number, fixed charge density, permeability and ionic flux were explored. The fabricated membranes exhibited higher membrane potential, transport number and fixed charge density for monovalent ions (NaCl) than those for bivalent ions (BaCl2). These membranes exhibited lower permeability and ionic flux for bivalent ions as compared to those for monovalent ions. The conductivity measurements for both monovalent and bivalent ions were performed on the nanocomposite membranes, and it was noticed that the conductivity of the membranes was higher for monovalent ions.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
ABSTRACT A new nano-composite cation exchanger poly-o-toluidine tin-zirconium (IV) molybdophospha... more ABSTRACT A new nano-composite cation exchanger poly-o-toluidine tin-zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate (PTD-SnZrMoP) was synthesised by incorporating conducting polymer poly-o-toluidine into a novel four-component inorganic cation exchanger tin-zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate with two cations and two anions. The nano-composite was characterised by FTIR, FESEM, TEM, XRD and TGA/DTA techniques. The ion exchange capacity of the nano-composite ion exchanger (2.40 meq/g) was observed to be higher as compared to that of its inorganic counterpart (1.95meq/g). The nanocomposite was found to be thermally stable, and retained 60.4% of its ion exchange capacity up to a temperature of 400°C. Elution behaviour, thermal stability, chemical stability, distribution studies and quantitative separations of metal ions from synthetic binary mixtures as well as real life effluent samples from a thermal power plant on poly-o-toluidine tin-zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate nano-composite exchanger were also investigated. The nano-composite was employed for the quantitative separation of Hg (II) ions from thermal power plant effluents.
A new composite cation exchange material poly-o-toluidine–zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate (PTD–Zr... more A new composite cation exchange material poly-o-toluidine–zirconium (IV) molybdophosphate (PTD–ZrMoP) was synthesized by sol–gel method through the incorporation of inorganic gel of zirconium(IV) molybdophosphate in the organic polymer poly-o-toluidine. The PTD–ZrMoP was characterized by FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM, XRD and TGA/DTA techniques. Elution behavior, thermal stability, pH titrations, chemical stability, distribution studies and quantitative separation of metal ions in binary synthetic mixtures and real life samples on nanocomposite ion exchanger were also investigated. The ion-exchange capacity of the nanocomposite ion exchanger (0.84 meq/g) has been observed to be higher compared to that of its inorganic counterpart (0.49 meq/g). The nanocomposite was found to be thermally stable and retained 71.43% of its ion-exchange capacity up to 300 °C temperature. The environmental applicability of the PTD–ZrMoP nanocomposite was explored by achieving binary separations and selective separation of Pb2+ from synthetic mixtures of metal ions. The analytical utility of nanocomposite ion exchanger has been established by the separation of harmful Pb2+ ions from waste water samples obtained from paint industry, textile industry and lead storage battery unit, and by the quantitative estimation of Ca2+ ions in a commercially available pharmaceutical formula.
Ionic liquid doped PVC based nanocomposite membranes, with varying crystallinity that affects the... more Ionic liquid doped PVC based nanocomposite membranes, with varying crystallinity that affects their physicochemical properties, are prepared and characterized.
ABSTRACT A new form of nanocomposite zirconium phosphoborate (ZrPB) ion exchanger incorporating m... more ABSTRACT A new form of nanocomposite zirconium phosphoborate (ZrPB) ion exchanger incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been fabricated and studied. Commercial purity CNTs were used as dopant in ZrPB matrix. The topography and morphology of the composite has been explored with the help of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The microscopy results confirm the spherical nature and 2–5 nm size of ZrPB particles. CNTs are well reinforced evenly in ZrPB matrix. Multifunctionality of the nanocomposite ion exchange material has been studied for electrochemical characteristics as well as for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye.
Colloids and Interface Science Communications, 2015
Abstract Zinc oxide–zirconium (IV) phosphate (ZnO ZrP) nanocomposite was synthesized by sol gel m... more Abstract Zinc oxide–zirconium (IV) phosphate (ZnO ZrP) nanocomposite was synthesized by sol gel method at pH ≈ 2. It was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA/DSC). The nanocomposite was also explored for different properties such as ion exchange capacity, membrane potential, transport number, permselectivity, and fixed charge density. The nanocomposite ion exchanger showed an ion-exchange capacity of 0.60 meq/g for Na+ ions. The effect of addition of ZnO nanoparticles on the properties of zirconium (IV) phosphate ion-exchange membrane has been studied. The membrane was characterized at different electrolyte concentrations. Interestingly, the nanocomposite also displayed some antibacterial activity towards the Gram negative E. coli culture.
The chemically and thermally most stable sample of zirconium phosphoborate is prepared by adding ... more The chemically and thermally most stable sample of zirconium phosphoborate is prepared by adding a 0.1 mol L-1 aqueous solution of zirconium oxychloride to a continuously stirred mixture of 0.1 mol L-1 aqueous solution of boric acid and 0.1 mol L-1 aqueous solution of phosphoric acid. Its ion exchange capacity for Na + and K + was found to be 0.29 and 0.58 meqg-1 respectively for dry exchanger. The material has been characterized on the basis of chemical composition, SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. It has been observed that the ion exchange capacity and crystallinity of the ion exchanger decreases with increase in temperature.
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