Hair loss (alopecia) has a multitude of causes, and the problem is still poorly defined. For curi... more Hair loss (alopecia) has a multitude of causes, and the problem is still poorly defined. For curing alopecia, therapies are available in both natural and synthetic forms; however, natural remedies are gaining popularity due to the multiple effects of complex phytoconstituents on the scalp with fewer side effects. Evidence-based hair growth promotion by some plants has been reported for both traditional and advanced treatment approaches. Nanoarchitectonics may have the ability to evolve in the field of hair- and scalp-altering products and treatments, giving new qualities to hair that can be an effective protective layer or a technique to recover lost hair. This review will provide insights into several plant and herbal formulations that have been reported for the prevention of hair loss and stimulation of new hair growth. This review also focuses on the molecular mechanisms of hair growth/loss, several isolated phytoconstituents with hair growth-promoting properties, patents, in viv...
Melia dubia Cav. is a native species of tree to India and a sub canopy tree species naturally fou... more Melia dubia Cav. is a native species of tree to India and a sub canopy tree species naturally found in the tropical moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forest of south Indian region. The leaves of M. dubia samples collected from the Chikkaballapura (MDL1) and Bengaluru (MDL2) region were screened for the detection of phytochemical contents and for the determination of antioxidants such as ABTS Radical Scavenging Assay, Total Reducing Power Assay, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity and their evaluation of anti-microbial activity. Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of M. dubia revealed that the presence of significant plant secondary metabolites contributes to its anti-microbial and antioxidant activity. Thus, M. dubia can be used as a potential source for development of potential anti-microbial drug of botanical origin comparable to synthetic pesticides. Phytochemicals contents present in the leaf extracts are capable of rendering health benefits, thereby demonstrating ...
This review describes the current approaches in targeting cancerous cells and novel anticancer dr... more This review describes the current approaches in targeting cancerous cells and novel anticancer drug designing highlighting the identification and characterization of the biologically important lesions produced on DNA by important DNA-reactive drugs, molecular strategies to improve the sequence selectivity of existing groups of DNA-reactive drugs. The design of mechanism-based screens to identify new classes of drugs that react with DNA and associated targets the design of new drug classes based upon the identification of pharmacologically selective receptors on, or associated with DNA have also been described.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management, 2015
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic form, progressive and immune mediated central nervous system... more Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic form, progressive and immune mediated central nervous system disorder that affects both adults and children. MS is characterized by the development of multiple lesions with the nerve fibers in the spinal cord, optic nerves and brain. Multiple sclerosis affects the approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. A triad of symptoms characterize the disease: fatigue, changes in sensation, ataxia, muscle weakness, dysarthria, dysphagia, visual problems, chronic or acute pain, difficulties of bladder and bowel. The diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis is made on the foundation of the signs and symptoms, with magnetic resonance imaging and additional laboratory tests playing a helpful role. Every tests are non precise and simply supply supportive indication for diagnosis. A few people have a inadequate number of “relapses” or “attacks” and remain fairly healthy for decades, others may worsen rapidly from the time of analysis, through shortened lifespan and poo...
International Journal of Phytomedicine, Sep 10, 2013
Objective: To evaluate Phytochemical and pharmacognostical investigations on the aerial roots of ... more Objective: To evaluate Phytochemical and pharmacognostical investigations on the aerial roots of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. Methods: The investigations as per WHO Guidelines and other standard parameters (Morphological studies, Microscopical studies, Histochemical colour reaction Extractive values, Ash values, Swelling index , bitterness value, foaming index haemolytic activity, tannin content and phytochemical investigations) Results: The aerial roots are typical roots, fibrous and slightly bitter. The microscopy of the powder revealed the presence of annular xylem vessel, lignified fibre, parenchymatous cell and cork cells. Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash and sulphated ash were 14.15%, 8.57%, 10.75%, 6.00% respectively. The extractive values i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extract were 5.7%, 10%, 5.5%, 4.5%, 10.5%. The fiber content was 9.45%. The plant can be used as bitter as its bitterness was found to be 1.9 unit/g. The foaming index was 124.6. The plant possesses haemolytic activity. The plant extracts were good to be free of microbial contamination. The tannin content was 22. The preliminary phytochemical screening of Petroleum Ether extract, Ethyl acetate extract, Chloroform extract, Ethanol extract, Aqueous extract was performed. The presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenolic compounds, and sterol in various extracts were observed. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts were screened for presence of amino acid and carbohydrates. The TLC profile of extracts showed the presence of three amino acid viz. alanine, methionine, ornithine and tyrosine and three carbohydrates i.e. galactose, lactose and sucrose. Conclusion: This is first ever phytochemical and pharmacognostical study carried out on the aerial roots of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. useful for future standardization of Ficus lacor aerial roots.
West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research, 2010
Medical plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in develo... more Medical plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries where resources are meager. Plant-based drugs have been used against various diseases since a long time. The nature has provided abundant plant wealth for all the living creatures, which possess medicinal virtues. Therefore, there is a necessity to explore their uses and to conduct pharmacognostic and pharmacological studies to ascertain their therapeutic properties. In fact, nowadays, diabetes is a global problem. Hence, the present study aims to open new avenues for the improvement of medicinal uses of Verbesina encelioides Benth. roots for the selected area for diabetes.. Dried aqueous and alcoholic extracts were subjected for hypoglycaemic activity in swiss albino mice (30-40g). Blood sugar level was determined using digital glucometer. The oral administration of roots extracts at doses of 400 mg/ kg lead to a significant blood glucose reduction in normal and in Streptozotocin, alloxan diabetic mices significantly within 4h. Continued, daily administration of the drug produced a sustained effect. Keywords: Verbesina encelioides , alloxan-induced diabetes, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Hypoglycaemic activity.
The objective of the present study was to develop a novel nanogel containing Beta vulgaris L. hyd... more The objective of the present study was to develop a novel nanogel containing Beta vulgaris L. hydroalcoholic extract and assess its efficacy for treating testosterone-induced alopecia. Beta vulgaris L. leaf hydroalcoholic extract nanogel (BVEN) was prepared by ionic gelation method, incorporated in carbopol 934 gel. Optimization of particle size and entrapment efficiency as the responses was carried out by central composite design response surface methodology. Prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Nanogel was evaluated for pH, colour, appearance and homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro release study, and stability studies. Further, 2.5% and 5% BVEN were also evaluated for antialopecic activity in Swiss albino mice by using parameters as hair growth initiation, testosterone content,...
Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021
Recent serious effects of viral infections on humans, anti-viral compound research has gained mom... more Recent serious effects of viral infections on humans, anti-viral compound research has gained momentum and has become very important. In particular, viruses such as Cytomegalovirus/CMV, Epstein Barr virus/EBV, Hepatitis B/HBV, Hepatitis C/HCV, Herpes Simplex Virus/HSV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/HIV, rabies virus, corona virus and Ebola virus are of high importance. Very limited antiviral medicines commercially available and can cause serious-significant side effects for patients receiving treatment. Also, viruses have the mutational capability to infect host cells. For this reason, in recent years, the possibility of producing new antiviral medicines, especially from natural sources, has increased considerably, and animal-based products are now also promising among natural products. Viral-borne infections have been known long ago. However, it was just possible to isolate these viruses that cause infection in the nineteenth century. The management of viral infection, the isolation...
Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021
The detection and assessment of potency of antibiotics are crucial for the pharmaceutics. The val... more The detection and assessment of potency of antibiotics are crucial for the pharmaceutics. The valid methods for microbiological assays in pharmacopoeias are mainly based on statistical comparison of the data obtained by measuring the cidal activity resulting from the treatment of the antibiotic active ingredient in the composition of the pharmaceutics with the target microorganism. However, it was seen that there is no validated microbiological method for some active ingredients. Due to microbiological assays are indispensable methods for determining the potency of some active ingredient groups, the calculation of the potency is performed logarithmically. In either turbidimetric or chromatographic methods, the statistical evaluation of the sample is compared with the standard reference material. Analysis data obtained by chromatographic and chemical methods are linear peak areas and spectrophotometer readings. In microbiological methods, the data obtained from the analyzes performed...
Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid, well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxid... more Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid, well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, owing to its unsaturated molecular structure. Aquatic plants and animals contain the hydrophobic carotenoid astaxanthin, which is thought to possess a number of advantageous biological traits. However, due to its weak bioavailability and low water solubility, its use as a nutraceutical in food is currently restricted. Cubosomal encapsulation has been considered an effective alternative for improving the bioavailability and solubility of hydrophobic bioactives. The current paper aimed to conquer these issues by encapsulating astaxanthin in lyotropic liquid crystal nano-formulations prepared via the fabrication method. The physicochemical properties of astaxanthin-loaded cubosomes (AST-LC) have also been analyzed, in order to know the morphology of the prepared formulations and their bioavailability in the biological system. The formulation has been tested for particle size...
Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
Diabetes mellitus is one of the prominent metabolic disorders nowadays worldwide and it is charac... more Diabetes mellitus is one of the prominent metabolic disorders nowadays worldwide and it is characterized by an increase in blood glucose, disturbances in metabolism, and alteration in insulin secretion. Nowadays, phytopharmaceuticals have become a significant treatment mode for diabetes, and bioactive compounds have expanded an increasing amount of consideration to this end for they have multiple biological potentials, including the sustained secretion of insulin and revival of pancreatic islets cells. In this review article, we explained the role of bioactive compounds in the treatment and management of diabetes and their mechanisms in prevention.
Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been ... more Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been employed to treat medical conditions since ancient times, and in those times only the observed symptoms were used to determine dose accuracy, dose efficacy, and therapy. Rather than novel formulations, the current research work on plant-based medicines has mostly concentrated on medicinal active phytoconstituents. In the past recent decades, however, researchers have made significant progress in developing “new drug delivery systems” (NDDS) to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce unwanted effects of bioactive compounds. Nanocapsules, polymer micelles, liposomes, nanogels, phytosomes, nano-emulsions, transferosomes, microspheres, ethosomes, injectable hydrogels, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and other innovative therapeutic formulations have all been created using bioactive compounds and plant extracts. The novel formulations can improve solubility, therapeutic efficacy, bioavai...
Bioactive compounds are comprised of small quantities of extra nutritional constituents providing... more Bioactive compounds are comprised of small quantities of extra nutritional constituents providing both health benefits and enhanced nutritional value, based on their ability to modulate one or more metabolic processes. Plant-based diets are being thoroughly researched for their cardiovascular properties and effectiveness against cancer. Flavonoids, phytoestrogens, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids are some of the bioactive compounds that aim to work in prevention and treating the cardiovascular disease in a systemic manner, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are the most important characteristics that make them favorable candidates for CVDs treatment. However, their low water solubility and stability results in low bioavailability, limited accessibility, and poor absorption. The oral delivery of bioactive compounds is constrained due to physiological barriers such as the pH, mucus layer, gastrointestinal e...
Since ancient times, plants have been used for their medicinal properties. They provide us with m... more Since ancient times, plants have been used for their medicinal properties. They provide us with many phytomolecules, which serve a synergistic function for human well-being. Along with anti-microbial, plants also possess anti-viral activities. In Western nations, about 50% of medicines were extracted from plants or their constituents. The spread and pandemic of viral diseases are becoming a major threat to public health and a burden on the financial prosperity of communities worldwide. In recent years, SARS-CoV-2 has made a dramatic lifestyle change. This has promoted scientists not to use synthetic anti-virals, such as protease inhibitors, nucleic acid analogs, and other anti-virals, but to study less toxic anti-viral phytomolecules. An emerging approach includes searching for eco-friendly therapeutic molecules to develop phytopharmaceuticals. This article briefly discusses numerous bioactive molecules that possess anti-viral properties, their mode of action, and possible applicati...
Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, w... more Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits. There are no legal requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims. The name is a combination of “cosmetics” and “pharmaceuticals”. “Nutricosmetics” are related dietary supplements or food or beverage products with additives that are marketed as having medical benefits that affect appearance. Cosmetic-containing herbals are topical cosmetic–pharmaceutical hybrids intended to enhance the health and beauty of the skin. Cosmetic-containing herbals improve appearance by delivering essential nutrients to the skin. Several herbal products, such as cosmetic-containing herbals, are available. The present review highlights the use of natural products in cosmetic-containing herbals, as natural products have many curative effects as well as healing effects on skin and hair growth with minimal to no side effects. A brief...
Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 2021
Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune inflammatory disorder is characterized by progressive cartila... more Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune inflammatory disorder is characterized by progressive cartilage erosion leading to joint destruction, pain, stiffness, and swelling. Although the etiology of the disease is unknown, genetic changes due to factors such as environmental agents, immune response towards infectious agents influence rheumatoid arthritis. Earlier NSAIDs were the first choice of drugs for the treatment of disease but due to having certain side effects and limitations, herbal therapies which possess higher efficacy and safety are now in demand. There are hundreds of plants that have phytoconstituents that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. A combination of plants is used to make polyherbal formulations that act synergistically to give anti-arthritic activity. The review is about the botanicals and traditional formulations which have been clinically tested for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.
Herb" has been derived from a Latin word "herba" which means herb. At present, her... more Herb" has been derived from a Latin word "herba" which means herb. At present, herb alludes to different natural origin parts of the plant like seed, bark, root, rhizomes, stem, bud, flower, leaf and nonwoody plant. Medicinal plants have proved to be effective for their different purposes. Anti-inflammatory activity is shown by the plants that have the capability to synthesize variety of phytochemical compounds as secondary metabolites. By showing effects on body mechanics the herbs of natural origin reduce all types of inflammation. These herbs give relief from swelling, stiffness, joints pain and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory supplement as well as anti-inflammatory herbs decrease the level of prostaglandins which is chemical released by cells at sites of injury and also sensitize the nerve endings that cause pain. In different systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, several medicinal plants were used for curing different human diseases. In this review an effort ...
Studies from past years have observed various enzymes that are artificial, which are issued to mi... more Studies from past years have observed various enzymes that are artificial, which are issued to mimic naturally occurring enzymes based on their function and structure. The nanozymes possess nanomaterials that resemble natural enzymes and are considered an innovative class. This innovative class has achieved a brilliant response from various developments and researchers owing to this unique property. In this regard, numerous nanomaterials are inspected as natural enzyme mimics for multiple types of applications, such as imaging, water treatment, therapeutics, and sensing. Nanozymes have nanomaterial properties occurring with an inheritance that provides a single substitute and multiple platforms. Nanozymes can be controlled remotely via stimuli including heat, light, magnetic field, and ultrasound. Collectively, these all can be used to increase the therapeutic as well as diagnostic efficacies. These nanozymes have major biomedical applications including cancer therapy and diagnosis,...
Nowadays, the tendency in pharmaceutical and food industries is to replace synthetic antioxidants... more Nowadays, the tendency in pharmaceutical and food industries is to replace synthetic antioxidants with the natural ones. For this reason, there is a growing interest in analyzing natural, healthy and non-toxic additives as potential antioxidants. Some plants, which contain high levels of phenolic compounds, present an increasing interest for medicine due to their ability to scavenge free radicals, along with other pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial activity, wound healing and anti-inflammatory effect, to mention only a few. The aim of this review is to explore the therapeutic potential of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium pratense in relation with their phytochemical profile and to highlight the pharmacological activity of aqueous or ethanol extracts. Special attention was devoted to the dermal pathology and wound healing effects, in the context of multiple skin conditions such as acne, eczema boils, psoriasis and rashes. Additionally, both extracts (Trifolium sp. and Oc...
Breast cancer persists as a diffuse source of cancer despite persistent detection and treatment. ... more Breast cancer persists as a diffuse source of cancer despite persistent detection and treatment. Flavonoids, a type of polyphenol, appear to be a productive option in the treatment of breast cancer, because of their capacity to regulate the tumor related functions of class of compounds. Plant polyphenols are flavonoids that appear to exhibit properties which are beneficial for breast cancer therapy. Numerous epidemiologic studies have been performed on the dynamic effect of plant polyphenols in the prevention of breast cancer. There are also subclasses of flavonoids that have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. These can regulate the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which help in cell cycle arrest and suppress the uncontrolled division of cancer cells. Numerous studies have also been performed at the population level, one of which reported a connection between cancer risk and intake of dietary flavonoids. Breast cancer appears to show intertumoral heteroge...
Hair loss (alopecia) has a multitude of causes, and the problem is still poorly defined. For curi... more Hair loss (alopecia) has a multitude of causes, and the problem is still poorly defined. For curing alopecia, therapies are available in both natural and synthetic forms; however, natural remedies are gaining popularity due to the multiple effects of complex phytoconstituents on the scalp with fewer side effects. Evidence-based hair growth promotion by some plants has been reported for both traditional and advanced treatment approaches. Nanoarchitectonics may have the ability to evolve in the field of hair- and scalp-altering products and treatments, giving new qualities to hair that can be an effective protective layer or a technique to recover lost hair. This review will provide insights into several plant and herbal formulations that have been reported for the prevention of hair loss and stimulation of new hair growth. This review also focuses on the molecular mechanisms of hair growth/loss, several isolated phytoconstituents with hair growth-promoting properties, patents, in viv...
Melia dubia Cav. is a native species of tree to India and a sub canopy tree species naturally fou... more Melia dubia Cav. is a native species of tree to India and a sub canopy tree species naturally found in the tropical moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forest of south Indian region. The leaves of M. dubia samples collected from the Chikkaballapura (MDL1) and Bengaluru (MDL2) region were screened for the detection of phytochemical contents and for the determination of antioxidants such as ABTS Radical Scavenging Assay, Total Reducing Power Assay, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity and their evaluation of anti-microbial activity. Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of M. dubia revealed that the presence of significant plant secondary metabolites contributes to its anti-microbial and antioxidant activity. Thus, M. dubia can be used as a potential source for development of potential anti-microbial drug of botanical origin comparable to synthetic pesticides. Phytochemicals contents present in the leaf extracts are capable of rendering health benefits, thereby demonstrating ...
This review describes the current approaches in targeting cancerous cells and novel anticancer dr... more This review describes the current approaches in targeting cancerous cells and novel anticancer drug designing highlighting the identification and characterization of the biologically important lesions produced on DNA by important DNA-reactive drugs, molecular strategies to improve the sequence selectivity of existing groups of DNA-reactive drugs. The design of mechanism-based screens to identify new classes of drugs that react with DNA and associated targets the design of new drug classes based upon the identification of pharmacologically selective receptors on, or associated with DNA have also been described.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management, 2015
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic form, progressive and immune mediated central nervous system... more Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic form, progressive and immune mediated central nervous system disorder that affects both adults and children. MS is characterized by the development of multiple lesions with the nerve fibers in the spinal cord, optic nerves and brain. Multiple sclerosis affects the approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. A triad of symptoms characterize the disease: fatigue, changes in sensation, ataxia, muscle weakness, dysarthria, dysphagia, visual problems, chronic or acute pain, difficulties of bladder and bowel. The diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis is made on the foundation of the signs and symptoms, with magnetic resonance imaging and additional laboratory tests playing a helpful role. Every tests are non precise and simply supply supportive indication for diagnosis. A few people have a inadequate number of “relapses” or “attacks” and remain fairly healthy for decades, others may worsen rapidly from the time of analysis, through shortened lifespan and poo...
International Journal of Phytomedicine, Sep 10, 2013
Objective: To evaluate Phytochemical and pharmacognostical investigations on the aerial roots of ... more Objective: To evaluate Phytochemical and pharmacognostical investigations on the aerial roots of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. Methods: The investigations as per WHO Guidelines and other standard parameters (Morphological studies, Microscopical studies, Histochemical colour reaction Extractive values, Ash values, Swelling index , bitterness value, foaming index haemolytic activity, tannin content and phytochemical investigations) Results: The aerial roots are typical roots, fibrous and slightly bitter. The microscopy of the powder revealed the presence of annular xylem vessel, lignified fibre, parenchymatous cell and cork cells. Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash and sulphated ash were 14.15%, 8.57%, 10.75%, 6.00% respectively. The extractive values i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extract were 5.7%, 10%, 5.5%, 4.5%, 10.5%. The fiber content was 9.45%. The plant can be used as bitter as its bitterness was found to be 1.9 unit/g. The foaming index was 124.6. The plant possesses haemolytic activity. The plant extracts were good to be free of microbial contamination. The tannin content was 22. The preliminary phytochemical screening of Petroleum Ether extract, Ethyl acetate extract, Chloroform extract, Ethanol extract, Aqueous extract was performed. The presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenolic compounds, and sterol in various extracts were observed. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts were screened for presence of amino acid and carbohydrates. The TLC profile of extracts showed the presence of three amino acid viz. alanine, methionine, ornithine and tyrosine and three carbohydrates i.e. galactose, lactose and sucrose. Conclusion: This is first ever phytochemical and pharmacognostical study carried out on the aerial roots of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. useful for future standardization of Ficus lacor aerial roots.
West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research, 2010
Medical plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in develo... more Medical plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing countries where resources are meager. Plant-based drugs have been used against various diseases since a long time. The nature has provided abundant plant wealth for all the living creatures, which possess medicinal virtues. Therefore, there is a necessity to explore their uses and to conduct pharmacognostic and pharmacological studies to ascertain their therapeutic properties. In fact, nowadays, diabetes is a global problem. Hence, the present study aims to open new avenues for the improvement of medicinal uses of Verbesina encelioides Benth. roots for the selected area for diabetes.. Dried aqueous and alcoholic extracts were subjected for hypoglycaemic activity in swiss albino mice (30-40g). Blood sugar level was determined using digital glucometer. The oral administration of roots extracts at doses of 400 mg/ kg lead to a significant blood glucose reduction in normal and in Streptozotocin, alloxan diabetic mices significantly within 4h. Continued, daily administration of the drug produced a sustained effect. Keywords: Verbesina encelioides , alloxan-induced diabetes, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Hypoglycaemic activity.
The objective of the present study was to develop a novel nanogel containing Beta vulgaris L. hyd... more The objective of the present study was to develop a novel nanogel containing Beta vulgaris L. hydroalcoholic extract and assess its efficacy for treating testosterone-induced alopecia. Beta vulgaris L. leaf hydroalcoholic extract nanogel (BVEN) was prepared by ionic gelation method, incorporated in carbopol 934 gel. Optimization of particle size and entrapment efficiency as the responses was carried out by central composite design response surface methodology. Prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Nanogel was evaluated for pH, colour, appearance and homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro release study, and stability studies. Further, 2.5% and 5% BVEN were also evaluated for antialopecic activity in Swiss albino mice by using parameters as hair growth initiation, testosterone content,...
Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021
Recent serious effects of viral infections on humans, anti-viral compound research has gained mom... more Recent serious effects of viral infections on humans, anti-viral compound research has gained momentum and has become very important. In particular, viruses such as Cytomegalovirus/CMV, Epstein Barr virus/EBV, Hepatitis B/HBV, Hepatitis C/HCV, Herpes Simplex Virus/HSV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/HIV, rabies virus, corona virus and Ebola virus are of high importance. Very limited antiviral medicines commercially available and can cause serious-significant side effects for patients receiving treatment. Also, viruses have the mutational capability to infect host cells. For this reason, in recent years, the possibility of producing new antiviral medicines, especially from natural sources, has increased considerably, and animal-based products are now also promising among natural products. Viral-borne infections have been known long ago. However, it was just possible to isolate these viruses that cause infection in the nineteenth century. The management of viral infection, the isolation...
Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021
The detection and assessment of potency of antibiotics are crucial for the pharmaceutics. The val... more The detection and assessment of potency of antibiotics are crucial for the pharmaceutics. The valid methods for microbiological assays in pharmacopoeias are mainly based on statistical comparison of the data obtained by measuring the cidal activity resulting from the treatment of the antibiotic active ingredient in the composition of the pharmaceutics with the target microorganism. However, it was seen that there is no validated microbiological method for some active ingredients. Due to microbiological assays are indispensable methods for determining the potency of some active ingredient groups, the calculation of the potency is performed logarithmically. In either turbidimetric or chromatographic methods, the statistical evaluation of the sample is compared with the standard reference material. Analysis data obtained by chromatographic and chemical methods are linear peak areas and spectrophotometer readings. In microbiological methods, the data obtained from the analyzes performed...
Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid, well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxid... more Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid, well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, owing to its unsaturated molecular structure. Aquatic plants and animals contain the hydrophobic carotenoid astaxanthin, which is thought to possess a number of advantageous biological traits. However, due to its weak bioavailability and low water solubility, its use as a nutraceutical in food is currently restricted. Cubosomal encapsulation has been considered an effective alternative for improving the bioavailability and solubility of hydrophobic bioactives. The current paper aimed to conquer these issues by encapsulating astaxanthin in lyotropic liquid crystal nano-formulations prepared via the fabrication method. The physicochemical properties of astaxanthin-loaded cubosomes (AST-LC) have also been analyzed, in order to know the morphology of the prepared formulations and their bioavailability in the biological system. The formulation has been tested for particle size...
Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
Diabetes mellitus is one of the prominent metabolic disorders nowadays worldwide and it is charac... more Diabetes mellitus is one of the prominent metabolic disorders nowadays worldwide and it is characterized by an increase in blood glucose, disturbances in metabolism, and alteration in insulin secretion. Nowadays, phytopharmaceuticals have become a significant treatment mode for diabetes, and bioactive compounds have expanded an increasing amount of consideration to this end for they have multiple biological potentials, including the sustained secretion of insulin and revival of pancreatic islets cells. In this review article, we explained the role of bioactive compounds in the treatment and management of diabetes and their mechanisms in prevention.
Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been ... more Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been employed to treat medical conditions since ancient times, and in those times only the observed symptoms were used to determine dose accuracy, dose efficacy, and therapy. Rather than novel formulations, the current research work on plant-based medicines has mostly concentrated on medicinal active phytoconstituents. In the past recent decades, however, researchers have made significant progress in developing “new drug delivery systems” (NDDS) to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce unwanted effects of bioactive compounds. Nanocapsules, polymer micelles, liposomes, nanogels, phytosomes, nano-emulsions, transferosomes, microspheres, ethosomes, injectable hydrogels, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and other innovative therapeutic formulations have all been created using bioactive compounds and plant extracts. The novel formulations can improve solubility, therapeutic efficacy, bioavai...
Bioactive compounds are comprised of small quantities of extra nutritional constituents providing... more Bioactive compounds are comprised of small quantities of extra nutritional constituents providing both health benefits and enhanced nutritional value, based on their ability to modulate one or more metabolic processes. Plant-based diets are being thoroughly researched for their cardiovascular properties and effectiveness against cancer. Flavonoids, phytoestrogens, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids are some of the bioactive compounds that aim to work in prevention and treating the cardiovascular disease in a systemic manner, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are the most important characteristics that make them favorable candidates for CVDs treatment. However, their low water solubility and stability results in low bioavailability, limited accessibility, and poor absorption. The oral delivery of bioactive compounds is constrained due to physiological barriers such as the pH, mucus layer, gastrointestinal e...
Since ancient times, plants have been used for their medicinal properties. They provide us with m... more Since ancient times, plants have been used for their medicinal properties. They provide us with many phytomolecules, which serve a synergistic function for human well-being. Along with anti-microbial, plants also possess anti-viral activities. In Western nations, about 50% of medicines were extracted from plants or their constituents. The spread and pandemic of viral diseases are becoming a major threat to public health and a burden on the financial prosperity of communities worldwide. In recent years, SARS-CoV-2 has made a dramatic lifestyle change. This has promoted scientists not to use synthetic anti-virals, such as protease inhibitors, nucleic acid analogs, and other anti-virals, but to study less toxic anti-viral phytomolecules. An emerging approach includes searching for eco-friendly therapeutic molecules to develop phytopharmaceuticals. This article briefly discusses numerous bioactive molecules that possess anti-viral properties, their mode of action, and possible applicati...
Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, w... more Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits. There are no legal requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims. The name is a combination of “cosmetics” and “pharmaceuticals”. “Nutricosmetics” are related dietary supplements or food or beverage products with additives that are marketed as having medical benefits that affect appearance. Cosmetic-containing herbals are topical cosmetic–pharmaceutical hybrids intended to enhance the health and beauty of the skin. Cosmetic-containing herbals improve appearance by delivering essential nutrients to the skin. Several herbal products, such as cosmetic-containing herbals, are available. The present review highlights the use of natural products in cosmetic-containing herbals, as natural products have many curative effects as well as healing effects on skin and hair growth with minimal to no side effects. A brief...
Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 2021
Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune inflammatory disorder is characterized by progressive cartila... more Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune inflammatory disorder is characterized by progressive cartilage erosion leading to joint destruction, pain, stiffness, and swelling. Although the etiology of the disease is unknown, genetic changes due to factors such as environmental agents, immune response towards infectious agents influence rheumatoid arthritis. Earlier NSAIDs were the first choice of drugs for the treatment of disease but due to having certain side effects and limitations, herbal therapies which possess higher efficacy and safety are now in demand. There are hundreds of plants that have phytoconstituents that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. A combination of plants is used to make polyherbal formulations that act synergistically to give anti-arthritic activity. The review is about the botanicals and traditional formulations which have been clinically tested for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.
Herb" has been derived from a Latin word "herba" which means herb. At present, her... more Herb" has been derived from a Latin word "herba" which means herb. At present, herb alludes to different natural origin parts of the plant like seed, bark, root, rhizomes, stem, bud, flower, leaf and nonwoody plant. Medicinal plants have proved to be effective for their different purposes. Anti-inflammatory activity is shown by the plants that have the capability to synthesize variety of phytochemical compounds as secondary metabolites. By showing effects on body mechanics the herbs of natural origin reduce all types of inflammation. These herbs give relief from swelling, stiffness, joints pain and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory supplement as well as anti-inflammatory herbs decrease the level of prostaglandins which is chemical released by cells at sites of injury and also sensitize the nerve endings that cause pain. In different systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, several medicinal plants were used for curing different human diseases. In this review an effort ...
Studies from past years have observed various enzymes that are artificial, which are issued to mi... more Studies from past years have observed various enzymes that are artificial, which are issued to mimic naturally occurring enzymes based on their function and structure. The nanozymes possess nanomaterials that resemble natural enzymes and are considered an innovative class. This innovative class has achieved a brilliant response from various developments and researchers owing to this unique property. In this regard, numerous nanomaterials are inspected as natural enzyme mimics for multiple types of applications, such as imaging, water treatment, therapeutics, and sensing. Nanozymes have nanomaterial properties occurring with an inheritance that provides a single substitute and multiple platforms. Nanozymes can be controlled remotely via stimuli including heat, light, magnetic field, and ultrasound. Collectively, these all can be used to increase the therapeutic as well as diagnostic efficacies. These nanozymes have major biomedical applications including cancer therapy and diagnosis,...
Nowadays, the tendency in pharmaceutical and food industries is to replace synthetic antioxidants... more Nowadays, the tendency in pharmaceutical and food industries is to replace synthetic antioxidants with the natural ones. For this reason, there is a growing interest in analyzing natural, healthy and non-toxic additives as potential antioxidants. Some plants, which contain high levels of phenolic compounds, present an increasing interest for medicine due to their ability to scavenge free radicals, along with other pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial activity, wound healing and anti-inflammatory effect, to mention only a few. The aim of this review is to explore the therapeutic potential of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium pratense in relation with their phytochemical profile and to highlight the pharmacological activity of aqueous or ethanol extracts. Special attention was devoted to the dermal pathology and wound healing effects, in the context of multiple skin conditions such as acne, eczema boils, psoriasis and rashes. Additionally, both extracts (Trifolium sp. and Oc...
Breast cancer persists as a diffuse source of cancer despite persistent detection and treatment. ... more Breast cancer persists as a diffuse source of cancer despite persistent detection and treatment. Flavonoids, a type of polyphenol, appear to be a productive option in the treatment of breast cancer, because of their capacity to regulate the tumor related functions of class of compounds. Plant polyphenols are flavonoids that appear to exhibit properties which are beneficial for breast cancer therapy. Numerous epidemiologic studies have been performed on the dynamic effect of plant polyphenols in the prevention of breast cancer. There are also subclasses of flavonoids that have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. These can regulate the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which help in cell cycle arrest and suppress the uncontrolled division of cancer cells. Numerous studies have also been performed at the population level, one of which reported a connection between cancer risk and intake of dietary flavonoids. Breast cancer appears to show intertumoral heteroge...
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