The aim of this paper is to determine the capability of the ultrasonic technique to predicate ... more The aim of this paper is to determine the capability of the ultrasonic technique to predicate and evaluate some elastic and geotechnical properties within sand stone layers. For this purpose, 15 rock samples were collected from Tanjero Formation that is exposed in Dokan area, northeastern Iraq. Elastic wave velocities (Vp and Vs) and density (P) values for rock samples were determined by applying laboratory testing. From Vp, Vs, and density values, the porosity, elastic modulus, and some geotechnical parameters were calculated. The relationship between P wave velocity and elastic properties of samples was derived. Empirical equations were obtained by applying the regression analyses between Vp and the measured elastic properties. Good correlations were found, which may supply a good estimation of elastic properties from velocity information related to the geological setting of the area. This work confirmed the capability of the ultrasonic technique for predicating the elastic pr...
The objective of the present research is to confirm the possibility of ultrasonic methods as geop... more The objective of the present research is to confirm the possibility of ultrasonic methods as geophysical tool for the estimating of geotechnical parameters for engineering purposes. Thirty seven (37) rock samples were collected at different depths of borehole drilled at the study area, and both primary and secondary waves velocity (Vp and Vs) were measured in laboratory. To evaluate the rock competence as foundation material for engineering works, some important geotechnical parameters including Poisson’s ratio(σ), Stress Ratio(Si), Material index(Im), Concentration index(Ic), and Density gradient( Di) were calculated. The obtained results demonstrate that the first surface layer is characterized by incompetent to fairly competent materials, the second layer (Anah Formation) is characterized by alternation of the moderately competent ( limestone) with thin incompetent (coralline limestone) layer, while the third layer (Baba Formation ) which composed of dolamatic limestone is charac...
Analysis and determination of some of the elastic moduli and other geotechnical parameters in the... more Analysis and determination of some of the elastic moduli and other geotechnical parameters in the campus of the University of Baghdad performed by using New Sonic Viewer in the field to measure (Vp) and (Vs) velocities as well as the density of the upper soil inside the campus. Seventeen profiles were selected each of (10) m. length distributed randomly inside the university campus to evaluate the top soil properties in addition to the soil profile. The ultrasonic waves showed two layers of the soil with different velocities of (Vp) and (Vs). The velocities of p-wave of the first layer ranged from (288-642) m/sec. On other hand the velocities of shear wave (Vs) in the same layer ranged from (88-193) m/sec. In the second layer the velocities of p-wave ranged from (681972) m/sec., and the velocities of shear wave ranged from (327-463) m/sec.Depending upon the value of (Vs) and according to Caltrans soil types, these two layers were considered as soft and stiff soils of types ( E and D...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The aim of the current research is to use the ultrasonic wave velocity for assessment of rock com... more The aim of the current research is to use the ultrasonic wave velocity for assessment of rock competence for pre-foundation study at engineering site near Rawa city. Thirty seven (37) rock samples were gathered from different depths of well drilled at the site. Both compressional and shear waves velocity (Vp and Vs) were measured in the laboratory. To assess the competency of rocks as foundation materials, some geotechnical properties include Poisson’s ratio(σ), Effective angle of internal friction (ϕ), Material index(Im), and Coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (Ko) were calculated. The results of the study showed that the first layer characterized by incompetent to fairly competent materials, the second layer (Anah Formation) composed of alternation of the moderately competent (limestone) with thin incompetent (fractured coralline limestone) rocks, while the third layer (Baba Formation) which composed of dolamatic limestone characterized by good competent rocks. Dependin...
Twenty nine core samples were taken from Ratawi 7 Oil well according to the presence of oil in fo... more Twenty nine core samples were taken from Ratawi 7 Oil well according to the presence of oil in formation and availability of core samples. This well is located in the province of Basra/southern Iraq. The samples were collected from Yamama Formation. The core samples are taken from the well at different depths, ranging between (3663m-3676m). The range of Vp for these core samples is (668-4017 m/sec) and its average is (1779 m/sec), While the range of Vs is (291-1854 m/sec) and its average is (796 m/sec). In the current study the ultrasonic method is conducted to measure Vp, Vs as well as some petrophysical properties for core samples and some elastic moduli such as (Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, Shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and Lame's constant) depending on the values of Vp and Vs as well as to density. The relationship between seismic wave velocities and elastic moduli and petrophysical properties are plotted. The average of densities for this well is (2661 kg/m 3 ). ...
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2017
Nasriya oil field is located at the Southern part of Iraq, this field is a giant and prolific, so... more Nasriya oil field is located at the Southern part of Iraq, this field is a giant and prolific, so it take a special are from the Oil Exploration Company for development purposes by using 3D seismic reflection. The primary objective of this thesis is to obtain reservoir properties and enhance the method of getting precise information about subsurface reservoir characterizations by improving the estimation of petrophysical properties (effective porosity, P-wave, water saturation and poisson’s ratio). There are five wells in the study area penetrated the required reservoirs within Yammam Formation. The Synthetic seismogram of Nasriya wells were created to conduct well tie with seismic data. These well tie was very good matching with seismic section using best average statistical wavelet. Five main horizons were picked from the reflectors by using synthetic seismogram for wells then converted to structural maps in depth domain by using average velocity of five wells. By using petrel pro...
The EMERGE application from Hampsson-Russell suite programs was used in the present study. ... more The EMERGE application from Hampsson-Russell suite programs was used in the present study. It is an interesting domain for seismic attributes that predict some of reservoir three dimensional or two dimensional properties, as well as their combination. The objective of this study is to differentiate reservoir/non reservoir units with well data in the Yamama Formation by using seismic tools. P-impedance volume (density x velocity of P-wave) was used in this research to perform a three dimensional seismic model on the oilfield of Nasiriya by using post-stack data of 5 wells. The data (training and application) were utilized in the EMERGE analysis for estimating the reservoir properties of P-wave velocity, in addition to the neural network analysis and deriving relations between them at well locations. P- wave velocity slices of reservoir units (Yb1, Yb2, and Yc) of Yamama Formation were prepared to determine the enhancement trends within these units. From a general economic poi...
Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science, 2011
A seismic refraction investigation was carried out at Al-Aziziyah area for delineating water tabl... more A seismic refraction investigation was carried out at Al-Aziziyah area for delineating water table and determining the velocity of different layers, as well as locating the contamination zones in under ground water which are resulted from agricultural activities. Nineteen seismic profiles were carried out in this study using ABEM TERRALOC seismic system. The length of each profile ranged from (33-115) m. with normal and reverse shooting. The recorded field data interpreted by delay time method using time distance curve as well as plus-minus method, mean-minus time method, ABC method and generalized reciprocal method. The velocities of the first layer range from (252-404) m/sec. and its average is (295.53) m/sec. while the velocities of the second layer ranges from (13351666) m/sec. and its average is (1494.21) m/sec. the velocities show no significant difference after interpreting by different methods. In this study the second layer represents the water table in the area with the de...
An investigate of the subsurface of East Baghdad Oil field South-1 and South-2, by using the inte... more An investigate of the subsurface of East Baghdad Oil field South-1 and South-2, by using the interactive workstation Geoframe. The study is interested with Oligocene Formations which is an extension of Kirkuk group. Synthetic seismogram is generated from data of EB-15 well. Base of Lowe-Fars reflector is picked and identified because it is close to Jeribe Formation that was deposited in the same depositional environment of Kirkuk group. The seismic sections and time slice maps confirmed that the Oligocene age was not affected by faults and the signs or indicators of faults started from Hartha Formation and continue to the deeper formations with increasing intensity, where the variance attribute section was applied on time slice and shows that the area was affected by listric growth normal fault parallel to the structure of the field trends (NW-SE) and affected by number of transverse faults trend (E-W) and (NE-SW). Time map, velocity map and depth map of base Lower-Fars reflector de...
A geoelectrical investigation is carried out for a geological consideration in the Shewasoor dam ... more A geoelectrical investigation is carried out for a geological consideration in the Shewasoor dam site, which is situated 40 km northeast Kirkuk city. Symmetrical Schlumberger array were applied for fifteen electrical sounding (VES) points, with a maximum spread distance (120-200) meters. Seven vertical electric sounding (VES) points were surveyed in the main valley. Two (VES) points were taken at the area behind the dam, and two other points at the right side of the dam body. Additional four (VES) points measured at the left side within the spillway area. In order to achieve the qualitative and quantitative interpretations manual partial matching technique and (IPI2 WIN) (ID) software are used. The results show that the surface is comprise of recent silt, clay, sand and gravel sediments with trace of water. The subsurface within the valley nearby the dam body is dominanted by claystone underlined by pebbly sandstone with water table condition, while the spillway is characterize by s...
The study deals with 3D seismic reflection in the central Iraq within Merjan oil field which is l... more The study deals with 3D seismic reflection in the central Iraq within Merjan oil field which is located approximately (130 km) to the southwest Baghdad and south of Razaza. The 3D seismic survey was interpreted; the results showed that the oil is found within Hartha Formation as stratigraphic traps and with the absence of structural traps. The major normal faults picked are trending N-S direction. There are also minor faults observed using the instantaneous phase and frequency sections, they proved the presence of the faults and showed that the ending of the Safawi reflector toward the north and northeast to the south and southeast and near the western border of fault because of the facies change in the area. The reflector shows a structural nose extend in NW-SE trend and plunges to the south-east. The seismic attributes show that (Me-1) well is a stratigraphic trap and (Wk-1) well is a wildcat. The phenomenon of gas was shown clearly at the west of well, (Me-1) in seismic attribute...
The study area is located at AL Jabal AL-Akhdar region North Eastern part of Libya. The study inc... more The study area is located at AL Jabal AL-Akhdar region North Eastern part of Libya. The study includes (23) fresh samples that are taken from Darnah limestone Formation, these samples were distributed on and covered about (210) km 2 . The porosities and permeabilities of these samples were determined. This study is important because this formation is considered as a good reservoir for hydrocarbon accumulation in other places in Libya. The porosity was measured by three different methods namely by porosimeter (using core samples), thin sections and binocular microscope. The permeability are also measured by two methods, the first method was by Nitrogen method and the other is by Klinkenberg method. The instrument that used for measuring permeability is Permeameter, which is found in Arabian Gulf Oil Company Laboratories (AGOCO) in Benghazi. Comparing the porosities by these three methods, it was clear that the porosity which was measured by porosimeter is better than the other two me...
The aim of this paper is to determine the capability of the ultrasonic technique to predicate ... more The aim of this paper is to determine the capability of the ultrasonic technique to predicate and evaluate some elastic and geotechnical properties within sand stone layers. For this purpose, 15 rock samples were collected from Tanjero Formation that is exposed in Dokan area, northeastern Iraq. Elastic wave velocities (Vp and Vs) and density (P) values for rock samples were determined by applying laboratory testing. From Vp, Vs, and density values, the porosity, elastic modulus, and some geotechnical parameters were calculated. The relationship between P wave velocity and elastic properties of samples was derived. Empirical equations were obtained by applying the regression analyses between Vp and the measured elastic properties. Good correlations were found, which may supply a good estimation of elastic properties from velocity information related to the geological setting of the area. This work confirmed the capability of the ultrasonic technique for predicating the elastic pr...
The objective of the present research is to confirm the possibility of ultrasonic methods as geop... more The objective of the present research is to confirm the possibility of ultrasonic methods as geophysical tool for the estimating of geotechnical parameters for engineering purposes. Thirty seven (37) rock samples were collected at different depths of borehole drilled at the study area, and both primary and secondary waves velocity (Vp and Vs) were measured in laboratory. To evaluate the rock competence as foundation material for engineering works, some important geotechnical parameters including Poisson’s ratio(σ), Stress Ratio(Si), Material index(Im), Concentration index(Ic), and Density gradient( Di) were calculated. The obtained results demonstrate that the first surface layer is characterized by incompetent to fairly competent materials, the second layer (Anah Formation) is characterized by alternation of the moderately competent ( limestone) with thin incompetent (coralline limestone) layer, while the third layer (Baba Formation ) which composed of dolamatic limestone is charac...
Analysis and determination of some of the elastic moduli and other geotechnical parameters in the... more Analysis and determination of some of the elastic moduli and other geotechnical parameters in the campus of the University of Baghdad performed by using New Sonic Viewer in the field to measure (Vp) and (Vs) velocities as well as the density of the upper soil inside the campus. Seventeen profiles were selected each of (10) m. length distributed randomly inside the university campus to evaluate the top soil properties in addition to the soil profile. The ultrasonic waves showed two layers of the soil with different velocities of (Vp) and (Vs). The velocities of p-wave of the first layer ranged from (288-642) m/sec. On other hand the velocities of shear wave (Vs) in the same layer ranged from (88-193) m/sec. In the second layer the velocities of p-wave ranged from (681972) m/sec., and the velocities of shear wave ranged from (327-463) m/sec.Depending upon the value of (Vs) and according to Caltrans soil types, these two layers were considered as soft and stiff soils of types ( E and D...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The aim of the current research is to use the ultrasonic wave velocity for assessment of rock com... more The aim of the current research is to use the ultrasonic wave velocity for assessment of rock competence for pre-foundation study at engineering site near Rawa city. Thirty seven (37) rock samples were gathered from different depths of well drilled at the site. Both compressional and shear waves velocity (Vp and Vs) were measured in the laboratory. To assess the competency of rocks as foundation materials, some geotechnical properties include Poisson’s ratio(σ), Effective angle of internal friction (ϕ), Material index(Im), and Coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (Ko) were calculated. The results of the study showed that the first layer characterized by incompetent to fairly competent materials, the second layer (Anah Formation) composed of alternation of the moderately competent (limestone) with thin incompetent (fractured coralline limestone) rocks, while the third layer (Baba Formation) which composed of dolamatic limestone characterized by good competent rocks. Dependin...
Twenty nine core samples were taken from Ratawi 7 Oil well according to the presence of oil in fo... more Twenty nine core samples were taken from Ratawi 7 Oil well according to the presence of oil in formation and availability of core samples. This well is located in the province of Basra/southern Iraq. The samples were collected from Yamama Formation. The core samples are taken from the well at different depths, ranging between (3663m-3676m). The range of Vp for these core samples is (668-4017 m/sec) and its average is (1779 m/sec), While the range of Vs is (291-1854 m/sec) and its average is (796 m/sec). In the current study the ultrasonic method is conducted to measure Vp, Vs as well as some petrophysical properties for core samples and some elastic moduli such as (Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, Shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and Lame's constant) depending on the values of Vp and Vs as well as to density. The relationship between seismic wave velocities and elastic moduli and petrophysical properties are plotted. The average of densities for this well is (2661 kg/m 3 ). ...
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2017
Nasriya oil field is located at the Southern part of Iraq, this field is a giant and prolific, so... more Nasriya oil field is located at the Southern part of Iraq, this field is a giant and prolific, so it take a special are from the Oil Exploration Company for development purposes by using 3D seismic reflection. The primary objective of this thesis is to obtain reservoir properties and enhance the method of getting precise information about subsurface reservoir characterizations by improving the estimation of petrophysical properties (effective porosity, P-wave, water saturation and poisson’s ratio). There are five wells in the study area penetrated the required reservoirs within Yammam Formation. The Synthetic seismogram of Nasriya wells were created to conduct well tie with seismic data. These well tie was very good matching with seismic section using best average statistical wavelet. Five main horizons were picked from the reflectors by using synthetic seismogram for wells then converted to structural maps in depth domain by using average velocity of five wells. By using petrel pro...
The EMERGE application from Hampsson-Russell suite programs was used in the present study. ... more The EMERGE application from Hampsson-Russell suite programs was used in the present study. It is an interesting domain for seismic attributes that predict some of reservoir three dimensional or two dimensional properties, as well as their combination. The objective of this study is to differentiate reservoir/non reservoir units with well data in the Yamama Formation by using seismic tools. P-impedance volume (density x velocity of P-wave) was used in this research to perform a three dimensional seismic model on the oilfield of Nasiriya by using post-stack data of 5 wells. The data (training and application) were utilized in the EMERGE analysis for estimating the reservoir properties of P-wave velocity, in addition to the neural network analysis and deriving relations between them at well locations. P- wave velocity slices of reservoir units (Yb1, Yb2, and Yc) of Yamama Formation were prepared to determine the enhancement trends within these units. From a general economic poi...
Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science, 2011
A seismic refraction investigation was carried out at Al-Aziziyah area for delineating water tabl... more A seismic refraction investigation was carried out at Al-Aziziyah area for delineating water table and determining the velocity of different layers, as well as locating the contamination zones in under ground water which are resulted from agricultural activities. Nineteen seismic profiles were carried out in this study using ABEM TERRALOC seismic system. The length of each profile ranged from (33-115) m. with normal and reverse shooting. The recorded field data interpreted by delay time method using time distance curve as well as plus-minus method, mean-minus time method, ABC method and generalized reciprocal method. The velocities of the first layer range from (252-404) m/sec. and its average is (295.53) m/sec. while the velocities of the second layer ranges from (13351666) m/sec. and its average is (1494.21) m/sec. the velocities show no significant difference after interpreting by different methods. In this study the second layer represents the water table in the area with the de...
An investigate of the subsurface of East Baghdad Oil field South-1 and South-2, by using the inte... more An investigate of the subsurface of East Baghdad Oil field South-1 and South-2, by using the interactive workstation Geoframe. The study is interested with Oligocene Formations which is an extension of Kirkuk group. Synthetic seismogram is generated from data of EB-15 well. Base of Lowe-Fars reflector is picked and identified because it is close to Jeribe Formation that was deposited in the same depositional environment of Kirkuk group. The seismic sections and time slice maps confirmed that the Oligocene age was not affected by faults and the signs or indicators of faults started from Hartha Formation and continue to the deeper formations with increasing intensity, where the variance attribute section was applied on time slice and shows that the area was affected by listric growth normal fault parallel to the structure of the field trends (NW-SE) and affected by number of transverse faults trend (E-W) and (NE-SW). Time map, velocity map and depth map of base Lower-Fars reflector de...
A geoelectrical investigation is carried out for a geological consideration in the Shewasoor dam ... more A geoelectrical investigation is carried out for a geological consideration in the Shewasoor dam site, which is situated 40 km northeast Kirkuk city. Symmetrical Schlumberger array were applied for fifteen electrical sounding (VES) points, with a maximum spread distance (120-200) meters. Seven vertical electric sounding (VES) points were surveyed in the main valley. Two (VES) points were taken at the area behind the dam, and two other points at the right side of the dam body. Additional four (VES) points measured at the left side within the spillway area. In order to achieve the qualitative and quantitative interpretations manual partial matching technique and (IPI2 WIN) (ID) software are used. The results show that the surface is comprise of recent silt, clay, sand and gravel sediments with trace of water. The subsurface within the valley nearby the dam body is dominanted by claystone underlined by pebbly sandstone with water table condition, while the spillway is characterize by s...
The study deals with 3D seismic reflection in the central Iraq within Merjan oil field which is l... more The study deals with 3D seismic reflection in the central Iraq within Merjan oil field which is located approximately (130 km) to the southwest Baghdad and south of Razaza. The 3D seismic survey was interpreted; the results showed that the oil is found within Hartha Formation as stratigraphic traps and with the absence of structural traps. The major normal faults picked are trending N-S direction. There are also minor faults observed using the instantaneous phase and frequency sections, they proved the presence of the faults and showed that the ending of the Safawi reflector toward the north and northeast to the south and southeast and near the western border of fault because of the facies change in the area. The reflector shows a structural nose extend in NW-SE trend and plunges to the south-east. The seismic attributes show that (Me-1) well is a stratigraphic trap and (Wk-1) well is a wildcat. The phenomenon of gas was shown clearly at the west of well, (Me-1) in seismic attribute...
The study area is located at AL Jabal AL-Akhdar region North Eastern part of Libya. The study inc... more The study area is located at AL Jabal AL-Akhdar region North Eastern part of Libya. The study includes (23) fresh samples that are taken from Darnah limestone Formation, these samples were distributed on and covered about (210) km 2 . The porosities and permeabilities of these samples were determined. This study is important because this formation is considered as a good reservoir for hydrocarbon accumulation in other places in Libya. The porosity was measured by three different methods namely by porosimeter (using core samples), thin sections and binocular microscope. The permeability are also measured by two methods, the first method was by Nitrogen method and the other is by Klinkenberg method. The instrument that used for measuring permeability is Permeameter, which is found in Arabian Gulf Oil Company Laboratories (AGOCO) in Benghazi. Comparing the porosities by these three methods, it was clear that the porosity which was measured by porosimeter is better than the other two me...
Uploads