This article investigates the link between fiscal decentralization and fiscal autonomy in service... more This article investigates the link between fiscal decentralization and fiscal autonomy in service delivery particularly in urban LocalGovernment Authorities in Tanzania. In the past two decades, Tanzania government adopted fiscal decentralization reforms as partof broad local government reform program. The reforms include the transfer of fiscal power to local governments to collect and spendtheir own revenues but also to enjoy discretionary intergovernmental transfers from central government. On the contrary, local government authorities particularly in urban areas have not achieved the intended goal of the reforms. Most of the LGAs lack adequate fiscal autonomy to address the growing demand of urban services and infrastructure. Although there is already substantial amount of research explaining fiscal decentralization in Tanzania, most of this literature focuses on the limited revenue base of local government and lack of effective intergovernmental transfers. Overall, there is very...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2019
Tanzania is implementing the decentralization by devolution policy (D by D) as a mechanism of fac... more Tanzania is implementing the decentralization by devolution policy (D by D) as a mechanism of facilitating quick development process through the involvement of people from grass root levels. One of the areas for decentralization is administrative decentralization whereby local government authorities are regarded as autonomous organs when it comes to management of human resources from hiring to firing. However, recently from 2009, the government decided to establish a new centralized recruitment system, which recruits and allocates human resources on behalf of local government authorities and other government institutions. Several reasons have been advocated in favour of these changes like to facilitate uniformity and lack of meritocracy by the local government authorities. Using secondary data, this paper attempts to show how the establishment of centralized recruitment in Tanzania has acted as a thorn towards the full attainment of administrative decentralization. The paper ends by...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2018
This paper examined strategic issues affecting training and development in Tanzania’s public sect... more This paper examined strategic issues affecting training and development in Tanzania’s public sector with evidence from selected local government authorities. The specific objectives were to examine whether organisation resources, modern technology, organisation structure, and organisation culture affects training and development in organisations. Tools for data collection were questionnaires, interviews and documentary review, which were used to collect data Dodoma and Chamwino local authorities, then data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and excel spreadsheet. The findings revealed individually and collectively independent variables (organisation resources, modern technology, organization structure and organisation culture) affects training and development, where coefficient of determination ( 0.762) implied 76.2% of the variations in training and development was influenced by organisation resources, modern technology, organisation structure and organisation culture in two loca...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2019
Rapid development of information has made governments to employ e-participation by using ICT tool... more Rapid development of information has made governments to employ e-participation by using ICT tools for the purpose of involving citizens in government policy issues. The purpose of this study was to examine e-participation tools and local government capacity on e-participation with reference to technical, financial and human resource in Tanzania. The study employed descriptive statistics whereby qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied. The data collection methods used were questionnaire and in depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study findings revealed that the municipality does not have adequate technical and financial capacity for e-participation. The findings also revealed that websites and emails were the only e-participation tools used by the municipality. To improve capacity of Kinondoni Municipality in e-participation it is recommended that more funds should...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2019
Solid waste collection is one of the roles of municipal councils in Tanzania stipulated by the lo... more Solid waste collection is one of the roles of municipal councils in Tanzania stipulated by the local government Act of 1982. This study empirically examined the capacity of Morogoro Municipal Council in collecting solid waste generated from the two market centers of Mawenzi and Manzese. The study employed case study design and mixed research approaches of qualitative and quantitative. The data collection methods were in-depth interviews and questionnaire. The data obtained in this study were subjected to interpretative and content analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. Findings revealed that the most dominant type of waste generated in the two markets were the biodegradable wastes generated from natural products such as vegetables, fruits and food remains in general. More findings show that the process of solid waste management needed the resources of different types including financial resources, physical resources and human resources. It wa...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2018
The aim of this study was to examine types of conflicts and factors contributing to their occurre... more The aim of this study was to examine types of conflicts and factors contributing to their occurrence in water allocation processes. The study was conducted in Mkindo Irrigation Scheme and employed the Exploratory Sequential Mixed Approach, whereby the dominant approach was qualitative approach, complemented by quantitative techniques. The data collection methods were in-depth interviews, documentary reviews and focus group discussions for the qualitative data and questionnaire for quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and explanation building techniques. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings reveal existence of inter-micro micro and intra micro-micro water users’ conflicts in the selected irrigation scheme. The study also identified the factors determining the water user’s conflicts in the selected scheme. To enhance water allocation processes in the selected irrigation schemes, the study recommen...
International Journal of Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Research, 2013
This article provides a general perceived acceptable way of preparing and presenting scientific w... more This article provides a general perceived acceptable way of preparing and presenting scientific writings such as articles and term papers. It surveys most commonly acceptable qualities for preparing and presenting schol arly articles and term papers. Currently there seems huge need for the gui de on preparing these schol arly articles. The essence arises due to the notabl e weakness amongst students who eventually become lectures in most of higher learning insti tutions. We employ a quali tative research design for the arti culation of this study. Documentation and experiential have been the main sources of information gathering. The survey of various journals, journal websi tes, and articles has been the li teratures used to obtain information. The article reveals that there are generally four to seven main parts in schol arly articles and term papers. These are Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Materials and Methods, Results/Findings, Discussion of the Findings, and the Conclusion. In addition, the parts of the article may vary slightly pending the requi rement of the journal . However, we conclude that arti cle preparati on need adept understanding of the author, and that while compliance to journal's policy is crucial , yet each research article should at l east cover, an Abstract, Introduction, Li terature Review, Materials and Methods, Results/Discussion of the Findings, and the Conclusion.
This research report is based on a study on decentralized human resource management in two LGAs n... more This research report is based on a study on decentralized human resource management in two LGAs namely Dodoma Municipal and Chamwino District Councils. The study was motivated by the wider acknowledgement that decentralization of human resource management functions to lower levels of governance is crucial strategic policy agenda in the wake of new public management and local government reforms geared towards empowering LGAs in Tanzania.The study attempts to assess whether HR functions are best performed by a centralized or decentralized governmental structure, an issue hitherto studied in the Tanzania context. It focuses on three HR practices which are recruitment and selection, training and development, and rewards. It explores the positive and negative outcome of HRM decentralization as well as determinants for effective HRM decentralization at Dodoma Municipal and Chamwino District Councils. The study adopted case study design and employed triangulation by going beyond the sampled LGAs to include the Prime Minister’s Office – Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG) and the Public Service Recruitment Secretariat (PSRS). Questionnaires, interview guides and document review were used to gather data. The findings indicate that, both Chamwino District Council and Dodoma Municipal Council have no autonomy to recruit and select staff since the function is done by the Public Service Recruitment Secretariat. It was found that recruitment and selection is partially done in the LGAs by identifying vacancies and proposing the budget which has to be approved by the Ministry of Public Service and Ministry under which the staff category falls. This involvement of different ministries creates delays in decision making of HR matters. It surfaced that some flexibility were in the offing to empower councils to recruit low cadre personnel from nearby areas to reduce costs of recruitment while the public service recruitment secretariat would continue processing recruitment personnel in the professional cadres. Although the government training strategy underscores that staff training should be primarily focused on enhancing job specific knowledge and skills, the findings indicates that some staff pursue training not related to their job spheres. This is not accidental because it is geared towards career attrition from low pay to high pay jobs.It was found that rewards are centralized save for recommendation letters issued to hard working staff and incentives such as subsistence allowance. This system was necessitated by limited financial resources at the councils. These were indeed perceived as necessary but not sufficient motivation given the greater value of tangible rewardsIt emerges that centralization and decentralization have merits and demerits. The appropriateness of whatever option greatly depends on the context.
International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2018
Environmental conservation has been a concern to many international, local organizations and indi... more Environmental conservation has been a concern to many international, local organizations and individuals for Centuries. Green management initiatives become an important factor in forward-thinking business around the world as a means of combating environmental degradation caused by organizations. Industrialization has contributed to the global environmental problems we are witnessing today and Tanzania industrialization drive cannot ignore this fact. Research is one of best ways for investigating, understanding and solving problems. Although number of researches has been done on Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM), still there is no sufficient literature on the subject. To bridge this gap this study investigated the role of green recruitment and selection on performance of Processing Industries in Tanzania by using Tanzania Tobacco Processors Limited (TTPL) as a case study. The study sough to specifically assess the application of green recruitment and selection at TTPL, det...
Political Economy: Structure & Scope of Government eJournal, 2016
Good public administration is a core requirement for development. But what constitutes good publi... more Good public administration is a core requirement for development. But what constitutes good public administration? The kind that boosts development in the third world? Foreign advisers, NGO’s and donors readily will give advice. However, public administration is very much embedded in the social fabric of the society it serves. Transplanting good practices from elsewhere requires that they are adapted and geared to the specifics of the recipient country. The challenge is to extract the core from public administration scholarship around the world and make it applicable to for indigenous governance issues. This book is an attempt to do just that.Its central theme is decentralisation by devolution, a huge program of administrative transformation in Tanzania. Four major issues in that decentralisation effort are discussed: leadership in Tanzanian villages, politics and administration in district government, human resource management and decentralisation, and service delivery management a...
Political Economy: Structure & Scope of Government eJournal, 2016
Good public administration is a core requirement for development. But what constitutes good publi... more Good public administration is a core requirement for development. But what constitutes good public administration? The kind that boosts development in the third world? Foreign advisers, NGO’s and donors readily will give advice. However, public administration is very much embedded in the social fabric of the society it serves. Transplanting good practices from elsewhere requires that they are adapted and geared to the specifics of the recipient country. The challenge is to extract the core from public administration scholarship around the world and make it applicable to for indigenous governance issues. This book is an attempt to do just that.Its central theme is decentralisation by devolution, a huge program of administrative transformation in Tanzania. Four major issues in that decentralisation effort are discussed: leadership in Tanzanian villages, politics and administration in district government, human resource management and decentralisation, and service delivery management a...
This article investigates the link between fiscal decentralization and fiscal autonomy in service... more This article investigates the link between fiscal decentralization and fiscal autonomy in service delivery particularly in urban LocalGovernment Authorities in Tanzania. In the past two decades, Tanzania government adopted fiscal decentralization reforms as partof broad local government reform program. The reforms include the transfer of fiscal power to local governments to collect and spendtheir own revenues but also to enjoy discretionary intergovernmental transfers from central government. On the contrary, local government authorities particularly in urban areas have not achieved the intended goal of the reforms. Most of the LGAs lack adequate fiscal autonomy to address the growing demand of urban services and infrastructure. Although there is already substantial amount of research explaining fiscal decentralization in Tanzania, most of this literature focuses on the limited revenue base of local government and lack of effective intergovernmental transfers. Overall, there is very...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2019
Tanzania is implementing the decentralization by devolution policy (D by D) as a mechanism of fac... more Tanzania is implementing the decentralization by devolution policy (D by D) as a mechanism of facilitating quick development process through the involvement of people from grass root levels. One of the areas for decentralization is administrative decentralization whereby local government authorities are regarded as autonomous organs when it comes to management of human resources from hiring to firing. However, recently from 2009, the government decided to establish a new centralized recruitment system, which recruits and allocates human resources on behalf of local government authorities and other government institutions. Several reasons have been advocated in favour of these changes like to facilitate uniformity and lack of meritocracy by the local government authorities. Using secondary data, this paper attempts to show how the establishment of centralized recruitment in Tanzania has acted as a thorn towards the full attainment of administrative decentralization. The paper ends by...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2018
This paper examined strategic issues affecting training and development in Tanzania’s public sect... more This paper examined strategic issues affecting training and development in Tanzania’s public sector with evidence from selected local government authorities. The specific objectives were to examine whether organisation resources, modern technology, organisation structure, and organisation culture affects training and development in organisations. Tools for data collection were questionnaires, interviews and documentary review, which were used to collect data Dodoma and Chamwino local authorities, then data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and excel spreadsheet. The findings revealed individually and collectively independent variables (organisation resources, modern technology, organization structure and organisation culture) affects training and development, where coefficient of determination ( 0.762) implied 76.2% of the variations in training and development was influenced by organisation resources, modern technology, organisation structure and organisation culture in two loca...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2019
Rapid development of information has made governments to employ e-participation by using ICT tool... more Rapid development of information has made governments to employ e-participation by using ICT tools for the purpose of involving citizens in government policy issues. The purpose of this study was to examine e-participation tools and local government capacity on e-participation with reference to technical, financial and human resource in Tanzania. The study employed descriptive statistics whereby qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied. The data collection methods used were questionnaire and in depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study findings revealed that the municipality does not have adequate technical and financial capacity for e-participation. The findings also revealed that websites and emails were the only e-participation tools used by the municipality. To improve capacity of Kinondoni Municipality in e-participation it is recommended that more funds should...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2019
Solid waste collection is one of the roles of municipal councils in Tanzania stipulated by the lo... more Solid waste collection is one of the roles of municipal councils in Tanzania stipulated by the local government Act of 1982. This study empirically examined the capacity of Morogoro Municipal Council in collecting solid waste generated from the two market centers of Mawenzi and Manzese. The study employed case study design and mixed research approaches of qualitative and quantitative. The data collection methods were in-depth interviews and questionnaire. The data obtained in this study were subjected to interpretative and content analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. Findings revealed that the most dominant type of waste generated in the two markets were the biodegradable wastes generated from natural products such as vegetables, fruits and food remains in general. More findings show that the process of solid waste management needed the resources of different types including financial resources, physical resources and human resources. It wa...
Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2018
The aim of this study was to examine types of conflicts and factors contributing to their occurre... more The aim of this study was to examine types of conflicts and factors contributing to their occurrence in water allocation processes. The study was conducted in Mkindo Irrigation Scheme and employed the Exploratory Sequential Mixed Approach, whereby the dominant approach was qualitative approach, complemented by quantitative techniques. The data collection methods were in-depth interviews, documentary reviews and focus group discussions for the qualitative data and questionnaire for quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and explanation building techniques. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings reveal existence of inter-micro micro and intra micro-micro water users’ conflicts in the selected irrigation scheme. The study also identified the factors determining the water user’s conflicts in the selected scheme. To enhance water allocation processes in the selected irrigation schemes, the study recommen...
International Journal of Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Research, 2013
This article provides a general perceived acceptable way of preparing and presenting scientific w... more This article provides a general perceived acceptable way of preparing and presenting scientific writings such as articles and term papers. It surveys most commonly acceptable qualities for preparing and presenting schol arly articles and term papers. Currently there seems huge need for the gui de on preparing these schol arly articles. The essence arises due to the notabl e weakness amongst students who eventually become lectures in most of higher learning insti tutions. We employ a quali tative research design for the arti culation of this study. Documentation and experiential have been the main sources of information gathering. The survey of various journals, journal websi tes, and articles has been the li teratures used to obtain information. The article reveals that there are generally four to seven main parts in schol arly articles and term papers. These are Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Materials and Methods, Results/Findings, Discussion of the Findings, and the Conclusion. In addition, the parts of the article may vary slightly pending the requi rement of the journal . However, we conclude that arti cle preparati on need adept understanding of the author, and that while compliance to journal's policy is crucial , yet each research article should at l east cover, an Abstract, Introduction, Li terature Review, Materials and Methods, Results/Discussion of the Findings, and the Conclusion.
This research report is based on a study on decentralized human resource management in two LGAs n... more This research report is based on a study on decentralized human resource management in two LGAs namely Dodoma Municipal and Chamwino District Councils. The study was motivated by the wider acknowledgement that decentralization of human resource management functions to lower levels of governance is crucial strategic policy agenda in the wake of new public management and local government reforms geared towards empowering LGAs in Tanzania.The study attempts to assess whether HR functions are best performed by a centralized or decentralized governmental structure, an issue hitherto studied in the Tanzania context. It focuses on three HR practices which are recruitment and selection, training and development, and rewards. It explores the positive and negative outcome of HRM decentralization as well as determinants for effective HRM decentralization at Dodoma Municipal and Chamwino District Councils. The study adopted case study design and employed triangulation by going beyond the sampled LGAs to include the Prime Minister’s Office – Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG) and the Public Service Recruitment Secretariat (PSRS). Questionnaires, interview guides and document review were used to gather data. The findings indicate that, both Chamwino District Council and Dodoma Municipal Council have no autonomy to recruit and select staff since the function is done by the Public Service Recruitment Secretariat. It was found that recruitment and selection is partially done in the LGAs by identifying vacancies and proposing the budget which has to be approved by the Ministry of Public Service and Ministry under which the staff category falls. This involvement of different ministries creates delays in decision making of HR matters. It surfaced that some flexibility were in the offing to empower councils to recruit low cadre personnel from nearby areas to reduce costs of recruitment while the public service recruitment secretariat would continue processing recruitment personnel in the professional cadres. Although the government training strategy underscores that staff training should be primarily focused on enhancing job specific knowledge and skills, the findings indicates that some staff pursue training not related to their job spheres. This is not accidental because it is geared towards career attrition from low pay to high pay jobs.It was found that rewards are centralized save for recommendation letters issued to hard working staff and incentives such as subsistence allowance. This system was necessitated by limited financial resources at the councils. These were indeed perceived as necessary but not sufficient motivation given the greater value of tangible rewardsIt emerges that centralization and decentralization have merits and demerits. The appropriateness of whatever option greatly depends on the context.
International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2018
Environmental conservation has been a concern to many international, local organizations and indi... more Environmental conservation has been a concern to many international, local organizations and individuals for Centuries. Green management initiatives become an important factor in forward-thinking business around the world as a means of combating environmental degradation caused by organizations. Industrialization has contributed to the global environmental problems we are witnessing today and Tanzania industrialization drive cannot ignore this fact. Research is one of best ways for investigating, understanding and solving problems. Although number of researches has been done on Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM), still there is no sufficient literature on the subject. To bridge this gap this study investigated the role of green recruitment and selection on performance of Processing Industries in Tanzania by using Tanzania Tobacco Processors Limited (TTPL) as a case study. The study sough to specifically assess the application of green recruitment and selection at TTPL, det...
Political Economy: Structure & Scope of Government eJournal, 2016
Good public administration is a core requirement for development. But what constitutes good publi... more Good public administration is a core requirement for development. But what constitutes good public administration? The kind that boosts development in the third world? Foreign advisers, NGO’s and donors readily will give advice. However, public administration is very much embedded in the social fabric of the society it serves. Transplanting good practices from elsewhere requires that they are adapted and geared to the specifics of the recipient country. The challenge is to extract the core from public administration scholarship around the world and make it applicable to for indigenous governance issues. This book is an attempt to do just that.Its central theme is decentralisation by devolution, a huge program of administrative transformation in Tanzania. Four major issues in that decentralisation effort are discussed: leadership in Tanzanian villages, politics and administration in district government, human resource management and decentralisation, and service delivery management a...
Political Economy: Structure & Scope of Government eJournal, 2016
Good public administration is a core requirement for development. But what constitutes good publi... more Good public administration is a core requirement for development. But what constitutes good public administration? The kind that boosts development in the third world? Foreign advisers, NGO’s and donors readily will give advice. However, public administration is very much embedded in the social fabric of the society it serves. Transplanting good practices from elsewhere requires that they are adapted and geared to the specifics of the recipient country. The challenge is to extract the core from public administration scholarship around the world and make it applicable to for indigenous governance issues. This book is an attempt to do just that.Its central theme is decentralisation by devolution, a huge program of administrative transformation in Tanzania. Four major issues in that decentralisation effort are discussed: leadership in Tanzanian villages, politics and administration in district government, human resource management and decentralisation, and service delivery management a...
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