ABSTRACT Background: Environmental pollution of transition metals especially of mercury is of gre... more ABSTRACT Background: Environmental pollution of transition metals especially of mercury is of great concern to the researchers in medical field since long. Mercury causes oxidative stress in all the cells including lymphocytes of the human immune system. Effect of inorganic compound of mercury was compare with our own report of effect of organic compound of mercury on T and B lymphocytes in human blood. Material & Methods: The present experimental work was design to analyze the concentration and time dependent effect of mercuric chloride on the chemical modulation of T and B-lymphocytes GSH of human blood. Terasaki technique for lymphocytes isolation and then subsequently separation of T and B-cells was used. Quantification of thiol in T and B-cells was done by Ellman’s method. Results: The lowest used concentration of mercuric chloride depleted T and B-cells GSH level 2.115 μM (27.34%) and 2.019 μM (32.41%) respectively which was significant (p<0.001) decrease in both T and B-ce...
Toxicity of metal based drugs is usually underestimated because of their therapeutic needs in ser... more Toxicity of metal based drugs is usually underestimated because of their therapeutic needs in serious conditions like cancer, but they cause serious damages by depleting our body defensive molecules like glutathione (GSH). GSH, a master antioxidant of human body plays critical roles in protecting cells from oxidative damage and the toxicity of xenobiotic electrophiles. Cisplatin is used therapeutically in the treatment of several pediatric malignancies. But the major limitations associated with cisplatin are its side effects so regular monitoring for toxicity is required. Therefore it was of great interest to evaluate the ex vivo effect of cisplatin on the chemical and metabolic status of GSH in the blood components of healthy human volunteers. Interaction of GSH with cisplatin was carried out in ex vivo as a substitute for in vivo effects. GSH concentration was measured with UV-Visible double beam spectrophotometer, using the Ellman’s method. The level of GSH was lowered upon addit...
Interferon Lambda (IFN-λ) is a type III interferon which belongs to a novel family of cytokines a... more Interferon Lambda (IFN-λ) is a type III interferon which belongs to a novel family of cytokines and possesses antiviral and antitumor properties. It is unique in its own class of cytokines; because of the specificity towards its heterodimer receptors and its structural similarities with cytokines of other classes. This renders IFN-λ a better choice for the treatment against many diseases including viral hepatitis and human coronavirus (HCoV-EMC). The present study describes a computational approach known as relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU); used to enhance the expression of IFN-λ protein in a eukaryotic expression system. Manually designed and commercially synthesized IFN-λ gene was cloned into pET-22b expression plasmid under the control of inducible T7-lac promoter. Maximum levels of IFN-λ expression was observed with 0.4 mM IPTG in transformed E. coli incubated for 4 hours in LB medium. Higher concentrations of IPTG had no or negative effect on the expression of IFN-λ. This...
Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been evaluated and used with technetium 99m ((99m)Tc) in imagi... more Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been evaluated and used with technetium 99m ((99m)Tc) in imaging of kidneys. DMSA lyophilized kits were prepared and radiolabelled with (99m)Tc. Paper and thin-layer chromatography have been employed using various eluent systems for the radiochemical analysis, percentage labeling and binding capacity of (99m)Tc-DMSA. Female albino rabbits were used for this study. Biological data obtained after intravenous injection of radiolabelled DMSA to female albino rabbits revealed 32.42% uptake and long retention time in the kidneys. On the basis of animal biodistribution data, it is suggested that DMSA when labeled with (99m)Tc is useful complex for renal imaging and can be successfully applied as a diagnostic tool in nuclear medicine. Clinical biodistribution and radiation dosimetry studies are planned in future.
Aluminium is being used in the medicines in the form of antacids. The Aluminium metal can be leac... more Aluminium is being used in the medicines in the form of antacids. The Aluminium metal can be leached from our utensils and can harm the body for its side effects, if become available to the systemic circulation. So it is important to check the effect of Aluminum on the Glutathione in vivo condition. Ellman method was used to determine the effect of Aluminum on GSH level in whole blood spectrophotometerically. 5,5-Dithiobis, 2-Nitrobenzoic Acid, Glutathione, Aluminium sulphate, phosphate buffer, HCl (Hydrochloric acid) and other laboratory instruments were used to conduct the research work. Time dependent effect of Aluminum on Glutathione level in whole blood was also checked and decrease was observed. This study also shows the effect of Aluminum as helping agent for the Glutathione to enhance the antioxidant system of the body or a cause for depletion of reduced Glutathione.
Silver nitrate (AgNO3) effect on the status of reduced glutathione (GSH), the major non-protein t... more Silver nitrate (AgNO3) effect on the status of reduced glutathione (GSH), the major non-protein thiol in blood components were examined using freshly isolated plasma and cytosolic fraction of whole blood of healthy human volunteer. AgNO3 had significant effects on GSH contents reduction in plasma and cytosolic fraction of blood. Effect or reduction in GSH content was more pronounced or significant at AgNO3 concentration with time intervals (minutes to hours). Depletion of GSH in plasma and cytosolic fraction of blood by the addition of AgNO3 indicates that AgNO3 penetrated the cell membrane and reacted with GSH, depleted its contents mostly due to oxidation of reduced Glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulphide (GSSG) 2 GSH-GSSG+2H+ or likely that AgNO3 after penetration formed a Silver-Glutathione (Ag-SG) complex. Time dependent effect of AgNO3 on the chemical status of glutathione was discussed in vitro in this paper which in principle presents the model of in vivo reaction, which...
Arsenic is a major threat to large part of the population due to its carcinogenic nature. The tox... more Arsenic is a major threat to large part of the population due to its carcinogenic nature. The toxicity of Arsenic varies with its chemical form and oxidation states. Glutathione (GSH), a major intra-cellular tripeptide plays a major role in arsenic detoxification. The present study was designed to provide insight into the extent of changes in GSH level by inorganic arsenic in the form of Arsenic trioxide (ATO) and organic arsenic in the form of nitro benzene arsenic acid (NBA). Lymphocytes (T.cells and B.cells) were investigated for determination of change in GSH metabolic status caused by arsenic. The depletion of GSH level positively correlated with increasing arsenic concentration and time of incubation. The decline in GSH level was consistent with increasing pH and physiological temperature. Our findings show that changes in GSH status produced by Arsenic could be due to adduct (As-(SG)3) formation. This change in GSH metabolic status provides information regarding mechanism of ...
ABSTRACT Background: Environmental pollution of transition metals especially of mercury is of gre... more ABSTRACT Background: Environmental pollution of transition metals especially of mercury is of great concern to the researchers in medical field since long. Mercury causes oxidative stress in all the cells including lymphocytes of the human immune system. Effect of inorganic compound of mercury was compare with our own report of effect of organic compound of mercury on T and B lymphocytes in human blood. Material & Methods: The present experimental work was design to analyze the concentration and time dependent effect of mercuric chloride on the chemical modulation of T and B-lymphocytes GSH of human blood. Terasaki technique for lymphocytes isolation and then subsequently separation of T and B-cells was used. Quantification of thiol in T and B-cells was done by Ellman’s method. Results: The lowest used concentration of mercuric chloride depleted T and B-cells GSH level 2.115 μM (27.34%) and 2.019 μM (32.41%) respectively which was significant (p<0.001) decrease in both T and B-ce...
Toxicity of metal based drugs is usually underestimated because of their therapeutic needs in ser... more Toxicity of metal based drugs is usually underestimated because of their therapeutic needs in serious conditions like cancer, but they cause serious damages by depleting our body defensive molecules like glutathione (GSH). GSH, a master antioxidant of human body plays critical roles in protecting cells from oxidative damage and the toxicity of xenobiotic electrophiles. Cisplatin is used therapeutically in the treatment of several pediatric malignancies. But the major limitations associated with cisplatin are its side effects so regular monitoring for toxicity is required. Therefore it was of great interest to evaluate the ex vivo effect of cisplatin on the chemical and metabolic status of GSH in the blood components of healthy human volunteers. Interaction of GSH with cisplatin was carried out in ex vivo as a substitute for in vivo effects. GSH concentration was measured with UV-Visible double beam spectrophotometer, using the Ellman’s method. The level of GSH was lowered upon addit...
Interferon Lambda (IFN-λ) is a type III interferon which belongs to a novel family of cytokines a... more Interferon Lambda (IFN-λ) is a type III interferon which belongs to a novel family of cytokines and possesses antiviral and antitumor properties. It is unique in its own class of cytokines; because of the specificity towards its heterodimer receptors and its structural similarities with cytokines of other classes. This renders IFN-λ a better choice for the treatment against many diseases including viral hepatitis and human coronavirus (HCoV-EMC). The present study describes a computational approach known as relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU); used to enhance the expression of IFN-λ protein in a eukaryotic expression system. Manually designed and commercially synthesized IFN-λ gene was cloned into pET-22b expression plasmid under the control of inducible T7-lac promoter. Maximum levels of IFN-λ expression was observed with 0.4 mM IPTG in transformed E. coli incubated for 4 hours in LB medium. Higher concentrations of IPTG had no or negative effect on the expression of IFN-λ. This...
Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been evaluated and used with technetium 99m ((99m)Tc) in imagi... more Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been evaluated and used with technetium 99m ((99m)Tc) in imaging of kidneys. DMSA lyophilized kits were prepared and radiolabelled with (99m)Tc. Paper and thin-layer chromatography have been employed using various eluent systems for the radiochemical analysis, percentage labeling and binding capacity of (99m)Tc-DMSA. Female albino rabbits were used for this study. Biological data obtained after intravenous injection of radiolabelled DMSA to female albino rabbits revealed 32.42% uptake and long retention time in the kidneys. On the basis of animal biodistribution data, it is suggested that DMSA when labeled with (99m)Tc is useful complex for renal imaging and can be successfully applied as a diagnostic tool in nuclear medicine. Clinical biodistribution and radiation dosimetry studies are planned in future.
Aluminium is being used in the medicines in the form of antacids. The Aluminium metal can be leac... more Aluminium is being used in the medicines in the form of antacids. The Aluminium metal can be leached from our utensils and can harm the body for its side effects, if become available to the systemic circulation. So it is important to check the effect of Aluminum on the Glutathione in vivo condition. Ellman method was used to determine the effect of Aluminum on GSH level in whole blood spectrophotometerically. 5,5-Dithiobis, 2-Nitrobenzoic Acid, Glutathione, Aluminium sulphate, phosphate buffer, HCl (Hydrochloric acid) and other laboratory instruments were used to conduct the research work. Time dependent effect of Aluminum on Glutathione level in whole blood was also checked and decrease was observed. This study also shows the effect of Aluminum as helping agent for the Glutathione to enhance the antioxidant system of the body or a cause for depletion of reduced Glutathione.
Silver nitrate (AgNO3) effect on the status of reduced glutathione (GSH), the major non-protein t... more Silver nitrate (AgNO3) effect on the status of reduced glutathione (GSH), the major non-protein thiol in blood components were examined using freshly isolated plasma and cytosolic fraction of whole blood of healthy human volunteer. AgNO3 had significant effects on GSH contents reduction in plasma and cytosolic fraction of blood. Effect or reduction in GSH content was more pronounced or significant at AgNO3 concentration with time intervals (minutes to hours). Depletion of GSH in plasma and cytosolic fraction of blood by the addition of AgNO3 indicates that AgNO3 penetrated the cell membrane and reacted with GSH, depleted its contents mostly due to oxidation of reduced Glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulphide (GSSG) 2 GSH-GSSG+2H+ or likely that AgNO3 after penetration formed a Silver-Glutathione (Ag-SG) complex. Time dependent effect of AgNO3 on the chemical status of glutathione was discussed in vitro in this paper which in principle presents the model of in vivo reaction, which...
Arsenic is a major threat to large part of the population due to its carcinogenic nature. The tox... more Arsenic is a major threat to large part of the population due to its carcinogenic nature. The toxicity of Arsenic varies with its chemical form and oxidation states. Glutathione (GSH), a major intra-cellular tripeptide plays a major role in arsenic detoxification. The present study was designed to provide insight into the extent of changes in GSH level by inorganic arsenic in the form of Arsenic trioxide (ATO) and organic arsenic in the form of nitro benzene arsenic acid (NBA). Lymphocytes (T.cells and B.cells) were investigated for determination of change in GSH metabolic status caused by arsenic. The depletion of GSH level positively correlated with increasing arsenic concentration and time of incubation. The decline in GSH level was consistent with increasing pH and physiological temperature. Our findings show that changes in GSH status produced by Arsenic could be due to adduct (As-(SG)3) formation. This change in GSH metabolic status provides information regarding mechanism of ...
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