An electrocoagulation process has been used to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wa... more An electrocoagulation process has been used to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewaters discharged from the Al-Muthanna petroleum refinery plant. In this process, a circular aluminum bar was used as a sacrificial anode, and hallow cylinder made from stainless steel was used as a cathode in a tubular batch electrochemical Reactor. Impacts of the operating factors like current density (5-25mAcm-2), NaCl addition at concentrations (0-2g/l), and pH at values (3-11) on the COD removal efficiency were studied. Results revealed that the increase in current density increases the COD removal efficiency, whereas an increase in NaCl concentration results in a decline in the COD removal efficiency. Using a pH value higher or lower than 7 causes a lowering of the COD removal efficiency. A current density of 15mA/cm2, NaCl concentration of 1g/l, and pH value of 7 were found to be the best operating conditions in which COD removal efficiency of 95.3% was achieved at a treatment time 45 minutes with an energy consumption of 27.78kWh/kg COD. Based on these conditions, a COD value of 20 ppm could be obtained, which is below the standard limit for discharging petroleum refinery effluents.
Solid waste accumulation is increasing each year rapidly and composes a crucial threatens to a he... more Solid waste accumulation is increasing each year rapidly and composes a crucial threatens to a healthy life, and exhausts natural resources. Major steps must be taken to initiate a new human manner and habits to reduce, recycle, and reuse waste as a part of sustainable development. This research discusses the activity initiate at the Chemical Engineering Department - University of Technology - Baghdad /Iraq to engage faculty members and students at solid waste management’s approaches through adopt classification and sorting of the solid waste at the source. The second stage was to analyze the amounts and types of accumulated solid waste at the chemical engineering department building for one semester starting from 1st February to 30th June. In the same year, the waste examination was recorded each week. The final stage was a questionnaire to some participants (faculty, staff, and students) to investigate staff reluctance to be involved actively in solid waste sorting and motivate more university staff to participate in waste sorting at the source. The results show that the separated solid waste material represented only 35% of the department’s total generated waste through the research period. The total weight of the characterized waste was 448 Kg. Waste paper is the largest percentage of waste with a total weight (155.5 kg), followed by organic (110 kg), plastic (100 kg) and metal (82.5 kg). This research encouraged students to engage in reuse / recycle programs. They formed groups. The first group produced fuel oil from waste plastic by pyrolysis. The second student’s group converted waste paper to card paper.
This reaserch examines different analytical models based on the ideal case membrane structure tha... more This reaserch examines different analytical models based on the ideal case membrane structure that can use to evaluate gas penetration into mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) loaded with non-partial fillers. Many models predicted CO2 permeance over PSF/FCTF-1(MMMs) and were compared to experimental results. The models were compared using standard criteria for validating models, such as the difference in penetrant permeability between the two phases ( and the absolute average relative error percentage. A comparison of those models was carried out based on the widely used model validation criteria, including a convenient measure of penetrant permeability difference between the two phases and absolute average relative error percent. Based on the typical values of morphological characteristics, it was determined that the following models fitted the data in the best order: Lewis‐Nielsen model< Pal model
Gas separation membranes are one of the most important processes in purifying natural gas. CO2 re... more Gas separation membranes are one of the most important processes in purifying natural gas. CO2 reduction of natural gas is essential for purifying the gas and increasing its calorific value. A covalent organic framework (COF) has been developed as a filler in mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) to separate gases. COF materials were chosen because of their economical rate, good thermal and chemical stability, and flexible microporous structure. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received significant interest for their improved permeability and selectivity in natural gas purification. The results of using COF combined with other chemicals added to MMM. It has been observed that CO2 permeability increases as the COF content in the MMM increases, which enhances the gas-separation performance of the MMM. This review evaluated and analyzed the current scientific and the technical breakthroughs in developing MMMs, especially the unique type of organic fillers, which has been the basis of numerous new research for CO2 separation.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2010
This work studied the utilization of a pilot plant of ion exchange as a treatment method and re-u... more This work studied the utilization of a pilot plant of ion exchange as a treatment method and re-use for blowdown water in South-Baghdad electric power plant. The pilot plant consisted of two columns of QVF (4.75 cm internal diameter & 90 cm long); cation and anion exchangers' together form the demineralization process. The study is divided into two parts; the first part is to study the effect of flow rate, bed depth, silica concentration on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity for ion exchange pilot plant. The second part is to study the effect of pH with the range of 4.5 to 10 on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity by using two kinds of cation (strong and weak cation resins The experimental data collected were represented by two dimensional figures and fitted to a second order polynomial mathematical model, with correlation coefficient about 0.98. The best operating condition attaining maximum breakthrough time and higher adsorption capacity at flow rate (12.46 L/hr) and maximum bed depth (50 cm) with minimum silica concentration (o.1ppm) .The system of WAC resin and SBA resin was more effective than a system of SAC&SBA resin in treating boiler blowdown water. The cost estimation is saving 274560 $ by treating boiler blowdown water due to elimination of some processes such as coagulation, filtration and R.O processes, and also reduction in chemicals consumption.
An electrocoagulation process has been used to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wa... more An electrocoagulation process has been used to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewaters discharged from the Al-Muthanna petroleum refinery plant. In this process, a circular aluminum bar was used as a sacrificial anode, and hallow cylinder made from stainless steel was used as a cathode in a tubular batch electrochemical Reactor. Impacts of the operating factors like current density (5-25mAcm-2), NaCl addition at concentrations (0-2g/l), and pH at values (3-11) on the COD removal efficiency were studied. Results revealed that the increase in current density increases the COD removal efficiency, whereas an increase in NaCl concentration results in a decline in the COD removal efficiency. Using a pH value higher or lower than 7 causes a lowering of the COD removal efficiency. A current density of 15mA/cm2, NaCl concentration of 1g/l, and pH value of 7 were found to be the best operating conditions in which COD removal efficiency of 95.3% was achieved at a treatment time 45 minutes with an energy consumption of 27.78kWh/kg COD. Based on these conditions, a COD value of 20 ppm could be obtained, which is below the standard limit for discharging petroleum refinery effluents.
Solid waste accumulation is increasing each year rapidly and composes a crucial threatens to a he... more Solid waste accumulation is increasing each year rapidly and composes a crucial threatens to a healthy life, and exhausts natural resources. Major steps must be taken to initiate a new human manner and habits to reduce, recycle, and reuse waste as a part of sustainable development. This research discusses the activity initiate at the Chemical Engineering Department - University of Technology - Baghdad /Iraq to engage faculty members and students at solid waste management’s approaches through adopt classification and sorting of the solid waste at the source. The second stage was to analyze the amounts and types of accumulated solid waste at the chemical engineering department building for one semester starting from 1st February to 30th June. In the same year, the waste examination was recorded each week. The final stage was a questionnaire to some participants (faculty, staff, and students) to investigate staff reluctance to be involved actively in solid waste sorting and motivate more university staff to participate in waste sorting at the source. The results show that the separated solid waste material represented only 35% of the department’s total generated waste through the research period. The total weight of the characterized waste was 448 Kg. Waste paper is the largest percentage of waste with a total weight (155.5 kg), followed by organic (110 kg), plastic (100 kg) and metal (82.5 kg). This research encouraged students to engage in reuse / recycle programs. They formed groups. The first group produced fuel oil from waste plastic by pyrolysis. The second student’s group converted waste paper to card paper.
This reaserch examines different analytical models based on the ideal case membrane structure tha... more This reaserch examines different analytical models based on the ideal case membrane structure that can use to evaluate gas penetration into mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) loaded with non-partial fillers. Many models predicted CO2 permeance over PSF/FCTF-1(MMMs) and were compared to experimental results. The models were compared using standard criteria for validating models, such as the difference in penetrant permeability between the two phases ( and the absolute average relative error percentage. A comparison of those models was carried out based on the widely used model validation criteria, including a convenient measure of penetrant permeability difference between the two phases and absolute average relative error percent. Based on the typical values of morphological characteristics, it was determined that the following models fitted the data in the best order: Lewis‐Nielsen model< Pal model
Gas separation membranes are one of the most important processes in purifying natural gas. CO2 re... more Gas separation membranes are one of the most important processes in purifying natural gas. CO2 reduction of natural gas is essential for purifying the gas and increasing its calorific value. A covalent organic framework (COF) has been developed as a filler in mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) to separate gases. COF materials were chosen because of their economical rate, good thermal and chemical stability, and flexible microporous structure. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received significant interest for their improved permeability and selectivity in natural gas purification. The results of using COF combined with other chemicals added to MMM. It has been observed that CO2 permeability increases as the COF content in the MMM increases, which enhances the gas-separation performance of the MMM. This review evaluated and analyzed the current scientific and the technical breakthroughs in developing MMMs, especially the unique type of organic fillers, which has been the basis of numerous new research for CO2 separation.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Dec 1, 2010
This work studied the utilization of a pilot plant of ion exchange as a treatment method and re-u... more This work studied the utilization of a pilot plant of ion exchange as a treatment method and re-use for blowdown water in South-Baghdad electric power plant. The pilot plant consisted of two columns of QVF (4.75 cm internal diameter & 90 cm long); cation and anion exchangers' together form the demineralization process. The study is divided into two parts; the first part is to study the effect of flow rate, bed depth, silica concentration on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity for ion exchange pilot plant. The second part is to study the effect of pH with the range of 4.5 to 10 on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity by using two kinds of cation (strong and weak cation resins The experimental data collected were represented by two dimensional figures and fitted to a second order polynomial mathematical model, with correlation coefficient about 0.98. The best operating condition attaining maximum breakthrough time and higher adsorption capacity at flow rate (12.46 L/hr) and maximum bed depth (50 cm) with minimum silica concentration (o.1ppm) .The system of WAC resin and SBA resin was more effective than a system of SAC&SBA resin in treating boiler blowdown water. The cost estimation is saving 274560 $ by treating boiler blowdown water due to elimination of some processes such as coagulation, filtration and R.O processes, and also reduction in chemicals consumption.
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