Air temperature as well as internal and surface temperatures (by infrared radiothermometry) of gr... more Air temperature as well as internal and surface temperatures (by infrared radiothermometry) of grape berries of vineyards (var. Syrah) under which we place different soil cover : bare soil, polyethylene and aluminium were monitored during the swelling and the ripening stages at the « Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique » experimental station at Pech Rouge, Gruissan (France). Results showed there were significant differences in the thermal responses of the grapes with respect to the type of soil cover and degree of fruit ripening. High differences in temperatures between grape and air were observed in soil covered with aluminium sheet which reflected most of the incident solar radiation. For this cover, biochemical analysis of berries and must indicate an increase of sugars grade and alcoholic degree. Statistical analysis were carried out to determine the influence of climatic variables on the grape temperatures. Solar radiation, wind and air temperature are the parameters ...
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2014
In sub-Saharan Africa, with its high rainfall variability and limited irrigation options, the cro... more In sub-Saharan Africa, with its high rainfall variability and limited irrigation options, the crop planting date is a crucial tactical decision for farmers and therefore a major concern in agricultural decision making. To support decision making in rainfed agriculture, a new approach has been developed to optimize crop planting date. The General Large-Area Model for Annual Crops (GLAM) has been used for the first time to simulate maize yields in West Africa. It is used in combination with fuzzy logic rules to give more flexibility in crop planting date computation when compared with binary logic methods. A genetic algorithm is applied to calibrate the crop model and to optimize the planting dates at the end. The process for optimizing planting dates results in an ensemble of optimized planting rules. This principle of ensemble members leads to a time window of optimized planting dates for a single year and thereby potentially increases the willingness of farmers to adopt this approa...
From accessing to assessing forecasts: an end-to-end study of participatory climate forecast diss... more From accessing to assessing forecasts: an end-to-end study of participatory climate forecast dissemination
La production de l’oignon pendant la saison seche contribue notablement a ameliorer les condition... more La production de l’oignon pendant la saison seche contribue notablement a ameliorer les conditions de vie des populations rurales d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Cependant, de nombreuses contraintes limitent son developpement si bien que la production sous-regionale est globalement insuffisante. Pour ameliorer sa production au Sourou, plaine irriguee situee au nord-ouest du Burkina Faso, des enquetes agronomiques ont ete realisees. Elles ont porte sur un echantillon de 61 producteurs pris au sein des groupes organises, representatifs des differents perimetres irrigues. L’inventaire des situations puis l’analyse des contraintes reelles de production de l’oignon dans la zone sont presentes. L’etude montre que le faible niveau actuel de production de l’oignon resulte en fait de la meconnaissance ou de la non-maitrise des techniques de production, bien que les conditions edaphiques et climatiques en saison seche et fraiche soient tres favorables a cette culture. Les difficultes d’ecoulement et de...
The water-food nexus literature examines the synergies and trade-offs of resource use but is domi... more The water-food nexus literature examines the synergies and trade-offs of resource use but is dominated by large-scale analyses that do not sufficiently engage the local dimensions of resource management. The research presented here addresses this gap with a local-scale analysis of integrated water and food management in Burkina Faso. Specifically, we analyse the implementation of a national food security campaign (Opération Bondofa) to boost maize production in a subbasin that exhibits two important trends in Africa: a large increase in small-scale irrigators and the decentralisation of water management. As surface water levels dropped in the region, entities at different scales asserted increased control over water allocation, exposing the contested nature of new decentralised institutions, and powerful actors’ preference for local control. These scalar power struggles intersected with a lack of knowledge of small-scale irrigators’ cultural practices to produce an implementation an...
La production de l'oignon pendant la saison seche permet d'ameliorer les conditions de vi... more La production de l'oignon pendant la saison seche permet d'ameliorer les conditions de vie des populations rurales d'afrique de l'ouest. Cependant, de nombreuses contraintes, dues notamment a la rarete et au cout eleve de l'eau en saison seche, et aux pourritures post recolte, limitent son developpement si bien que la production sous regionale est globalement insuffisante. Pour ameliorer quantitativement et qualitativement cette production au sourou, plaine irriguee situee au nord-ouest du burkina faso, la croissance et le developpement de l'oignon, le rendement, le diametre et le poids des bulbes et la conservation des bulbes apres la recolte sont suivis selon deux principaux dispositifs experimentaux. Le premier comporte 6 regimes hydriques et deux dates de plantation, le second est un dispositif d'etude de 3 niveaux de profondeur du sol. Les resultats acquis sont les suivants : on peut atteindre de bons rendements en irriguant a 50% de l'etm avant ...
This article engages the concept of water literacy, coupled with photo-elicitation methods and lo... more This article engages the concept of water literacy, coupled with photo-elicitation methods and long-term ethnographic research, to explore how West African farmers judge water sufficiency. The study focuses on the Upper Comoé river basin in southwest Burkina Faso, an area known for conflict among multiple water users. Pictures of familiar river sites were shown to farmers to explore how they determine whether water suffice to meet their irrigation and livelihood needs. The likelihood of finding water to be sufficient was influenced by who the respondents were (gender) and by where (downstream/upstream) and when (early/late dry season) the picture was taken. Farmers’ sufficiency judgments were framed as a cognitive and linguistic dichotomy that posits water as being either enough or not enough. They drew upon a diversity of indicators in the natural and built environment and hinged on salient attributes, such as the “face” and the “flow” of the water. These two attributes enabled farmers to determine the water’s “force,” a foundational cultural notion that blends material and spiritual considerations. Farmers’ assessments engage multiple time horizons, from memories of the past, to current observations and anticipated future scenarios. By relying upon shared memories and meanings, farmers can compare judgments, analyze options, and collectively mobilize to counteract the dominance of techno-scientific knowledge in official water allocation decisions.
This article examines the unfolding of integrated water resource management (IWRM) reforms in sou... more This article examines the unfolding of integrated water resource management (IWRM) reforms in southwest Burkina Faso, where water resources are subject to conflicting claims by a diversity of users. We first describe the establishment a local water user committee, showing how choices regarding composition and operations grant varying levels of recognition to different stakeholders. We then discuss the implications for key dimensions of decentralized governance, namely representation and accountability. In particular we focus on: (a) how the interplay of political agendas and policy disconnects shapes the committee's viability and credibility and (b) how tensions between techno-scientific and local knowledge affect participation and transparency. We argue that in contexts defined by contentious politics and neo-patrimonial practices, representativeness is better ensured by the direct inclusion of user groups rather than elected officials. Though limited discretionary power, information access, and technical capabilities of committee members inhibit accountability, rural producers uphold their claims through social mobilization and reliance on local knowledge. Recognizing the opportunities offered by the country's recent democratic turn, we formulate recommendations aimed at addressing structural drivers and enabling citizen agency in decentralized water governance. At the same time, further research is needed on local people's understandings of representation and accountability, to ensure that they are involved in institutional design and practices in ways that affirm what they value and what they know.
In Sub-Saharan Africa with high rainfall variability and little irrigation options, the crop plan... more In Sub-Saharan Africa with high rainfall variability and little irrigation options, the crop planting date is a crucial tactical decision for farmers and therefore a major concern in agricultural decision making. To support decision making in rainfed agriculture, a new approach has been developed to optimize crop planting date. The large scale crop model GLAM has been used for the first time to simulate maize yields in West Africa. It is used in combination with fuzzy logic rules to give more flexibility in crop planting date computation when compared to binary logic methods. A genetic algorithm is applied to calibrate the crop model and to optimize the planting dates at the end. The process for optimizing planting dates results in an ensemble of optimized planting rules. This principle of ensemble members leads to a time window of optimized planting dates for a single year and thereby potentially increase the adoptability by farmers. We compared the Optimized planting date (OPD) ap...
Air temperature as well as internal and surface temperatures (by infrared radiothermometry) of gr... more Air temperature as well as internal and surface temperatures (by infrared radiothermometry) of grape berries of vineyards (var. Syrah) under which we place different soil cover : bare soil, polyethylene and aluminium were monitored during the swelling and the ripening stages at the « Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique » experimental station at Pech Rouge, Gruissan (France). Results showed there were significant differences in the thermal responses of the grapes with respect to the type of soil cover and degree of fruit ripening. High differences in temperatures between grape and air were observed in soil covered with aluminium sheet which reflected most of the incident solar radiation. For this cover, biochemical analysis of berries and must indicate an increase of sugars grade and alcoholic degree. Statistical analysis were carried out to determine the influence of climatic variables on the grape temperatures. Solar radiation, wind and air temperature are the parameters ...
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2014
In sub-Saharan Africa, with its high rainfall variability and limited irrigation options, the cro... more In sub-Saharan Africa, with its high rainfall variability and limited irrigation options, the crop planting date is a crucial tactical decision for farmers and therefore a major concern in agricultural decision making. To support decision making in rainfed agriculture, a new approach has been developed to optimize crop planting date. The General Large-Area Model for Annual Crops (GLAM) has been used for the first time to simulate maize yields in West Africa. It is used in combination with fuzzy logic rules to give more flexibility in crop planting date computation when compared with binary logic methods. A genetic algorithm is applied to calibrate the crop model and to optimize the planting dates at the end. The process for optimizing planting dates results in an ensemble of optimized planting rules. This principle of ensemble members leads to a time window of optimized planting dates for a single year and thereby potentially increases the willingness of farmers to adopt this approa...
From accessing to assessing forecasts: an end-to-end study of participatory climate forecast diss... more From accessing to assessing forecasts: an end-to-end study of participatory climate forecast dissemination
La production de l’oignon pendant la saison seche contribue notablement a ameliorer les condition... more La production de l’oignon pendant la saison seche contribue notablement a ameliorer les conditions de vie des populations rurales d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Cependant, de nombreuses contraintes limitent son developpement si bien que la production sous-regionale est globalement insuffisante. Pour ameliorer sa production au Sourou, plaine irriguee situee au nord-ouest du Burkina Faso, des enquetes agronomiques ont ete realisees. Elles ont porte sur un echantillon de 61 producteurs pris au sein des groupes organises, representatifs des differents perimetres irrigues. L’inventaire des situations puis l’analyse des contraintes reelles de production de l’oignon dans la zone sont presentes. L’etude montre que le faible niveau actuel de production de l’oignon resulte en fait de la meconnaissance ou de la non-maitrise des techniques de production, bien que les conditions edaphiques et climatiques en saison seche et fraiche soient tres favorables a cette culture. Les difficultes d’ecoulement et de...
The water-food nexus literature examines the synergies and trade-offs of resource use but is domi... more The water-food nexus literature examines the synergies and trade-offs of resource use but is dominated by large-scale analyses that do not sufficiently engage the local dimensions of resource management. The research presented here addresses this gap with a local-scale analysis of integrated water and food management in Burkina Faso. Specifically, we analyse the implementation of a national food security campaign (Opération Bondofa) to boost maize production in a subbasin that exhibits two important trends in Africa: a large increase in small-scale irrigators and the decentralisation of water management. As surface water levels dropped in the region, entities at different scales asserted increased control over water allocation, exposing the contested nature of new decentralised institutions, and powerful actors’ preference for local control. These scalar power struggles intersected with a lack of knowledge of small-scale irrigators’ cultural practices to produce an implementation an...
La production de l'oignon pendant la saison seche permet d'ameliorer les conditions de vi... more La production de l'oignon pendant la saison seche permet d'ameliorer les conditions de vie des populations rurales d'afrique de l'ouest. Cependant, de nombreuses contraintes, dues notamment a la rarete et au cout eleve de l'eau en saison seche, et aux pourritures post recolte, limitent son developpement si bien que la production sous regionale est globalement insuffisante. Pour ameliorer quantitativement et qualitativement cette production au sourou, plaine irriguee situee au nord-ouest du burkina faso, la croissance et le developpement de l'oignon, le rendement, le diametre et le poids des bulbes et la conservation des bulbes apres la recolte sont suivis selon deux principaux dispositifs experimentaux. Le premier comporte 6 regimes hydriques et deux dates de plantation, le second est un dispositif d'etude de 3 niveaux de profondeur du sol. Les resultats acquis sont les suivants : on peut atteindre de bons rendements en irriguant a 50% de l'etm avant ...
This article engages the concept of water literacy, coupled with photo-elicitation methods and lo... more This article engages the concept of water literacy, coupled with photo-elicitation methods and long-term ethnographic research, to explore how West African farmers judge water sufficiency. The study focuses on the Upper Comoé river basin in southwest Burkina Faso, an area known for conflict among multiple water users. Pictures of familiar river sites were shown to farmers to explore how they determine whether water suffice to meet their irrigation and livelihood needs. The likelihood of finding water to be sufficient was influenced by who the respondents were (gender) and by where (downstream/upstream) and when (early/late dry season) the picture was taken. Farmers’ sufficiency judgments were framed as a cognitive and linguistic dichotomy that posits water as being either enough or not enough. They drew upon a diversity of indicators in the natural and built environment and hinged on salient attributes, such as the “face” and the “flow” of the water. These two attributes enabled farmers to determine the water’s “force,” a foundational cultural notion that blends material and spiritual considerations. Farmers’ assessments engage multiple time horizons, from memories of the past, to current observations and anticipated future scenarios. By relying upon shared memories and meanings, farmers can compare judgments, analyze options, and collectively mobilize to counteract the dominance of techno-scientific knowledge in official water allocation decisions.
This article examines the unfolding of integrated water resource management (IWRM) reforms in sou... more This article examines the unfolding of integrated water resource management (IWRM) reforms in southwest Burkina Faso, where water resources are subject to conflicting claims by a diversity of users. We first describe the establishment a local water user committee, showing how choices regarding composition and operations grant varying levels of recognition to different stakeholders. We then discuss the implications for key dimensions of decentralized governance, namely representation and accountability. In particular we focus on: (a) how the interplay of political agendas and policy disconnects shapes the committee's viability and credibility and (b) how tensions between techno-scientific and local knowledge affect participation and transparency. We argue that in contexts defined by contentious politics and neo-patrimonial practices, representativeness is better ensured by the direct inclusion of user groups rather than elected officials. Though limited discretionary power, information access, and technical capabilities of committee members inhibit accountability, rural producers uphold their claims through social mobilization and reliance on local knowledge. Recognizing the opportunities offered by the country's recent democratic turn, we formulate recommendations aimed at addressing structural drivers and enabling citizen agency in decentralized water governance. At the same time, further research is needed on local people's understandings of representation and accountability, to ensure that they are involved in institutional design and practices in ways that affirm what they value and what they know.
In Sub-Saharan Africa with high rainfall variability and little irrigation options, the crop plan... more In Sub-Saharan Africa with high rainfall variability and little irrigation options, the crop planting date is a crucial tactical decision for farmers and therefore a major concern in agricultural decision making. To support decision making in rainfed agriculture, a new approach has been developed to optimize crop planting date. The large scale crop model GLAM has been used for the first time to simulate maize yields in West Africa. It is used in combination with fuzzy logic rules to give more flexibility in crop planting date computation when compared to binary logic methods. A genetic algorithm is applied to calibrate the crop model and to optimize the planting dates at the end. The process for optimizing planting dates results in an ensemble of optimized planting rules. This principle of ensemble members leads to a time window of optimized planting dates for a single year and thereby potentially increase the adoptability by farmers. We compared the Optimized planting date (OPD) ap...
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