Using an original method, we have received Drosophila melanogaster with a deficiency including a ... more Using an original method, we have received Drosophila melanogaster with a deficiency including a complete sequence of quick-to-court gene. In this report, we describe the behavioural features of this new deletion mutant. There were no serious deviations from the normal mating behaviour in flies with the deletion, but the behaviour of deletion mutants still had some features. Of all the elements, only the frequency of licking significantly increased in mutants. The duration of mating elements did not change in flies with deletion, and the latent period decreased only for following the female and licking. We have found that mutant males produce more courtship song than control males when courting Oregon R females as estimated by the pulse song index. In our experiment, mutant females provoked much less pulse song production by Oregon R males than control females do. Moreover, Oregon R males initiate courtship song towards mutant females later than towards control females. In other wor...
To study the central pattern generators functioning, previously we identified genes, whose neuros... more To study the central pattern generators functioning, previously we identified genes, whose neurospecific knockdowns led to deviations in the courtship song of Drosophila melanogaster males. Reduced expression of the gene CG15630 caused a decrease in the interpulse interval. To investigate the role of CG15630, which we have called here fipi (factor of interpulse interval), in the courtship song production, at first, we have characterized fipi transcripts and protein (FIPI) in the mutant flies carrying P insertion and deletions in this gene and in flies with its RNAi knockdown. FIPI is homologous to the mammalian NCAM2 protein, an important factor of neuronal development in the olfactory system. In this study, we have revealed that local fipi knockdown in the antennal olfactory sensory neurons (OR67d and IR84a), which are responsible for reception of chemosignals modulating courtship behavior, alters the interpulse interval in the opposite directions. Thus, a proper fipi expression se...
ABSTRACT Our previous studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the generation ... more ABSTRACT Our previous studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the generation of rhythmic movements motor patterns were based on use of a selection of candidate genes in which mutations cause impairments to the motor activity of Drosophila melanogaster. We report here testing of the locomotor behavior of Drosophila strains with decreases in the expression of 12 candidate genes in the nervous system. Target genes were suppressed by synthesizing interfering RNA using the GAL4/UAS system under the control of the elav, nrv2, appl, and tsh gene promoters (drivers). These experiments showed that RNA interference of virtually all the candidate genes was accompanied by changes in one or more locomotor parameters. The nature of the abnormalities occurring under the control the various drivers allowed us to identify those genes whose activity in nervous system cells is required for the normal functioning of the central motor pattern generator for locomotor acts.
This article presents results obtained from studies of the plasticity of changes in social behavi... more This article presents results obtained from studies of the plasticity of changes in social behavior in Drosophila (interactions between individuals in groups) in conditions of homo- and heterogeneous environments. This is the first report of data illustrating self-starting acquisition by female Drosophila of a classical conditioned reflex to contextual factors signaling possible threats from other individuals and blocking the initiation of activity. A previously described operant conditioned reflex also helped flies avoid aggression from other individuals and make more efficient use of food resources by decreasing the initially high level of activity. Classical conditioning had the effect that the fly did not need to repeat acquisition of the conditioned reflex each time: when placed into an analogous situation, the fly's activity automatically decreased as a result of exposure to the conditioned stimulus, i.e., contextual factors.
The work deals with study of character of localization in the honeybee head ganglion of metabotro... more The work deals with study of character of localization in the honeybee head ganglion of metabotropic receptor ImGluR5 and its role in memory formation. With aid of pharmacological method (injections of antisense oligonucleotide and of selective receptor agonist and antagonist) and of behavioral criterion (formation and testing of preservation in memory of conditioned alimentary reflex for olfactory stimulus), there is first shown participation of the studied receptor in formation of the honeybee long-term memory. By using the immunohistochemical method, there is first revealed the predominant expression of the ImGluR5 receptor in the mushroom body Canyon cells responsible for the insect integrative activity. The present study, together with the previous ones, allows concluding about the presence in the honeybee head ganglion of the group I of metabotropic glutamate receptors with two subtypes 1 and 5 (ImGluR1,5) that have similar with mammalian pharmacological properties favoring pr...
Studies of conditioned reflex courtship suppression in mutant Drosophila males in two tests--a me... more Studies of conditioned reflex courtship suppression in mutant Drosophila males in two tests--a memory retention test (with a virgin female) and a repeat training test (with a fertilized female)--yielded experimental support for a previously suggested physiological model of the acquisition of this reflex. Mutations altered both types of conditioned association suggested in the model, i.e., the association between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (lat, rut, dnc, amn, and P153) and the association between the conditioned stimulus and the aversive motivational system mediating the action of the unconditioned stimulus (P171). A third category of mutants appeared to have a disturbance to the function of the aversive motivational system (P95 and P124).
Evolutionary conservation of homologous genes that cause related phenotypes in humans and Drosoph... more Evolutionary conservation of homologous genes that cause related phenotypes in humans and Drosophila help to unravel genes implicated in polygenic human diseases. Among them are neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington, Parkinson, Alzheimer and HIV-induced diseases. They are characterized by a late onset disturbances of memory, changes in volumetric indices of the brain structures involved in memory formation, synaptic and glial pathology, and altered content of the intermediates of the kynurenine pathway, the endogenous modulators of the NMDA receptors. This pathway in conserved in insects, rodents and humans. We, therefore, studied the effects of aberrant tryptophan metabolism on memory, brain plasticity, synaptic and glial immunoreactivity in the Drosophila mutants vermilion (no kynurenines) and cinnabar (excess of neuroprotective kynurenic acid) over the life time. The mutant vermilion demonstrated gradual decline of 3-th memory performance and complete memory failure on ...
Fiziologicheskiĭ zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossiĭskaia akademiia nauk, 1995
Collection of autosomal P-insertional mutant stocks with single P-element per genome was created ... more Collection of autosomal P-insertional mutant stocks with single P-element per genome was created in Drosophila melanogaster. The learning ability was tested in 64 homozygous P-inserts using the original paradigm of self-starting operant learning in a group situation. Normal flies placed in a group situation learned to suppress their activity to avoid punishment. The learning-deficient mutants failed to change adaptively their initial locomotor response to presence of other individuals. The ability to learn in other paradigms of the associative learning is now being investigated in these mutant stocks.
In the group situation, fruit flies try to avoid conflicts in which they kick each others. At fir... more In the group situation, fruit flies try to avoid conflicts in which they kick each others. At first they attempt to escape from each other thus increasing run frequency as compared with control solitary individuals, but shortly terminate runs in order to prevent collisions. Motoric activity and conflict frequency during encounters are high in such situations. From the very beginning, probability of transition from activity to direct contact is higher than that from rest to contact or from preening to contact. Therefore, during the first 5 minutes a fly learns to increase interval between runs using the trial-and-error method. Besides abrupt decreasing of number of collisions and activity of flies in group as compared with control, operant training leads to formation of passive aggregations, because closely situated flies avoid to display activity. A new behavior reaction is developed, as well, namely immobile fly initiate preventive touches by legs. Such training is adaptive because...
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, 2002
After the devastation of genetics in our country, Academician Leon A. Orbeli has provided an oppo... more After the devastation of genetics in our country, Academician Leon A. Orbeli has provided an opportunity for the studies on evolutionary conservatism of genes controlling the main properties of the higher nervous activity and conditioning. For the last few years, determination and bioinformatic analysis of genome sequences in the plant, worm, Drosophila, and human genome have revealed, indeed, a high
Using an original method, we have received Drosophila melanogaster with a deficiency including a ... more Using an original method, we have received Drosophila melanogaster with a deficiency including a complete sequence of quick-to-court gene. In this report, we describe the behavioural features of this new deletion mutant. There were no serious deviations from the normal mating behaviour in flies with the deletion, but the behaviour of deletion mutants still had some features. Of all the elements, only the frequency of licking significantly increased in mutants. The duration of mating elements did not change in flies with deletion, and the latent period decreased only for following the female and licking. We have found that mutant males produce more courtship song than control males when courting Oregon R females as estimated by the pulse song index. In our experiment, mutant females provoked much less pulse song production by Oregon R males than control females do. Moreover, Oregon R males initiate courtship song towards mutant females later than towards control females. In other wor...
To study the central pattern generators functioning, previously we identified genes, whose neuros... more To study the central pattern generators functioning, previously we identified genes, whose neurospecific knockdowns led to deviations in the courtship song of Drosophila melanogaster males. Reduced expression of the gene CG15630 caused a decrease in the interpulse interval. To investigate the role of CG15630, which we have called here fipi (factor of interpulse interval), in the courtship song production, at first, we have characterized fipi transcripts and protein (FIPI) in the mutant flies carrying P insertion and deletions in this gene and in flies with its RNAi knockdown. FIPI is homologous to the mammalian NCAM2 protein, an important factor of neuronal development in the olfactory system. In this study, we have revealed that local fipi knockdown in the antennal olfactory sensory neurons (OR67d and IR84a), which are responsible for reception of chemosignals modulating courtship behavior, alters the interpulse interval in the opposite directions. Thus, a proper fipi expression se...
ABSTRACT Our previous studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the generation ... more ABSTRACT Our previous studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the generation of rhythmic movements motor patterns were based on use of a selection of candidate genes in which mutations cause impairments to the motor activity of Drosophila melanogaster. We report here testing of the locomotor behavior of Drosophila strains with decreases in the expression of 12 candidate genes in the nervous system. Target genes were suppressed by synthesizing interfering RNA using the GAL4/UAS system under the control of the elav, nrv2, appl, and tsh gene promoters (drivers). These experiments showed that RNA interference of virtually all the candidate genes was accompanied by changes in one or more locomotor parameters. The nature of the abnormalities occurring under the control the various drivers allowed us to identify those genes whose activity in nervous system cells is required for the normal functioning of the central motor pattern generator for locomotor acts.
This article presents results obtained from studies of the plasticity of changes in social behavi... more This article presents results obtained from studies of the plasticity of changes in social behavior in Drosophila (interactions between individuals in groups) in conditions of homo- and heterogeneous environments. This is the first report of data illustrating self-starting acquisition by female Drosophila of a classical conditioned reflex to contextual factors signaling possible threats from other individuals and blocking the initiation of activity. A previously described operant conditioned reflex also helped flies avoid aggression from other individuals and make more efficient use of food resources by decreasing the initially high level of activity. Classical conditioning had the effect that the fly did not need to repeat acquisition of the conditioned reflex each time: when placed into an analogous situation, the fly's activity automatically decreased as a result of exposure to the conditioned stimulus, i.e., contextual factors.
The work deals with study of character of localization in the honeybee head ganglion of metabotro... more The work deals with study of character of localization in the honeybee head ganglion of metabotropic receptor ImGluR5 and its role in memory formation. With aid of pharmacological method (injections of antisense oligonucleotide and of selective receptor agonist and antagonist) and of behavioral criterion (formation and testing of preservation in memory of conditioned alimentary reflex for olfactory stimulus), there is first shown participation of the studied receptor in formation of the honeybee long-term memory. By using the immunohistochemical method, there is first revealed the predominant expression of the ImGluR5 receptor in the mushroom body Canyon cells responsible for the insect integrative activity. The present study, together with the previous ones, allows concluding about the presence in the honeybee head ganglion of the group I of metabotropic glutamate receptors with two subtypes 1 and 5 (ImGluR1,5) that have similar with mammalian pharmacological properties favoring pr...
Studies of conditioned reflex courtship suppression in mutant Drosophila males in two tests--a me... more Studies of conditioned reflex courtship suppression in mutant Drosophila males in two tests--a memory retention test (with a virgin female) and a repeat training test (with a fertilized female)--yielded experimental support for a previously suggested physiological model of the acquisition of this reflex. Mutations altered both types of conditioned association suggested in the model, i.e., the association between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (lat, rut, dnc, amn, and P153) and the association between the conditioned stimulus and the aversive motivational system mediating the action of the unconditioned stimulus (P171). A third category of mutants appeared to have a disturbance to the function of the aversive motivational system (P95 and P124).
Evolutionary conservation of homologous genes that cause related phenotypes in humans and Drosoph... more Evolutionary conservation of homologous genes that cause related phenotypes in humans and Drosophila help to unravel genes implicated in polygenic human diseases. Among them are neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington, Parkinson, Alzheimer and HIV-induced diseases. They are characterized by a late onset disturbances of memory, changes in volumetric indices of the brain structures involved in memory formation, synaptic and glial pathology, and altered content of the intermediates of the kynurenine pathway, the endogenous modulators of the NMDA receptors. This pathway in conserved in insects, rodents and humans. We, therefore, studied the effects of aberrant tryptophan metabolism on memory, brain plasticity, synaptic and glial immunoreactivity in the Drosophila mutants vermilion (no kynurenines) and cinnabar (excess of neuroprotective kynurenic acid) over the life time. The mutant vermilion demonstrated gradual decline of 3-th memory performance and complete memory failure on ...
Fiziologicheskiĭ zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossiĭskaia akademiia nauk, 1995
Collection of autosomal P-insertional mutant stocks with single P-element per genome was created ... more Collection of autosomal P-insertional mutant stocks with single P-element per genome was created in Drosophila melanogaster. The learning ability was tested in 64 homozygous P-inserts using the original paradigm of self-starting operant learning in a group situation. Normal flies placed in a group situation learned to suppress their activity to avoid punishment. The learning-deficient mutants failed to change adaptively their initial locomotor response to presence of other individuals. The ability to learn in other paradigms of the associative learning is now being investigated in these mutant stocks.
In the group situation, fruit flies try to avoid conflicts in which they kick each others. At fir... more In the group situation, fruit flies try to avoid conflicts in which they kick each others. At first they attempt to escape from each other thus increasing run frequency as compared with control solitary individuals, but shortly terminate runs in order to prevent collisions. Motoric activity and conflict frequency during encounters are high in such situations. From the very beginning, probability of transition from activity to direct contact is higher than that from rest to contact or from preening to contact. Therefore, during the first 5 minutes a fly learns to increase interval between runs using the trial-and-error method. Besides abrupt decreasing of number of collisions and activity of flies in group as compared with control, operant training leads to formation of passive aggregations, because closely situated flies avoid to display activity. A new behavior reaction is developed, as well, namely immobile fly initiate preventive touches by legs. Such training is adaptive because...
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, 2002
After the devastation of genetics in our country, Academician Leon A. Orbeli has provided an oppo... more After the devastation of genetics in our country, Academician Leon A. Orbeli has provided an opportunity for the studies on evolutionary conservatism of genes controlling the main properties of the higher nervous activity and conditioning. For the last few years, determination and bioinformatic analysis of genome sequences in the plant, worm, Drosophila, and human genome have revealed, indeed, a high
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Papers by Nikolai Kamyshev