Greenwich Papers in Political Economy, Sep 23, 2010
Social polarisation age at motherhood. Later childbearing since 1970 has not affected all social ... more Social polarisation age at motherhood. Later childbearing since 1970 has not affected all social groups equally. Disadvantaged women tend to have children earlier. Are their children also at a disadvantage? How far are any disadvantages in children of young mothers reflections of their mothers’ age or their antecedent experience?
International audienceCONTEXT. Child development has been described as strongly related to parent... more International audienceCONTEXT. Child development has been described as strongly related to parental economic and time investments in their child. Under such a model, siblings “compete” for parental resources and are considered as a hindrance for child development. However, having siblings could also bring benefits.OBJECTIVE. To explore the association between having siblings and child development.DATA. The Millennium Cohort Study included 19,244 UK families with children born in 2000-2002. Families were interviewed when the cohort child was 9 months, 3, 5 and 7 years. The child’s development was measured in terms of cognitive, verbal and behavioural outcomes. The impact of number of siblings on the risk for a child to fall into to the bottom 10% of the distributions of these developmental outcomes was explored.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Number of siblings increased over time. The probability of being in the bottom 10% of the developmental distributions is higher when the cohort child h...
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, 1997
Summary In using census data, a range of indicators is commonly used to indicate deprivation. Thi... more Summary In using census data, a range of indicators is commonly used to indicate deprivation. This paper examines the validity of these indicators by exploring how well they predict income in surveys (the Family Expenditure Surveys of 1983 and 1990 and the General Household Survey of 1984) which also collect income data. A reasonably parsimonious set of seven socioeconomic variables (as well as controls for age, sex and region) explains about 40% of the variation in log-income. Our results provide a set of weights for a deprivation index and offer no support for the practice of assigning equal weights to the indicators. A census-based proxy would miss a sizable minority of the actual poor and misclassify some with higher incomes. A majority of the ‘deprived’ are poor by a cash yardstick, but some are not.
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1981
... Search. XML. To cite or link to this reference: http://hdl.handle.net/10068/552130. Title : D... more ... Search. XML. To cite or link to this reference: http://hdl.handle.net/10068/552130. Title : Demographic predictions of women's work participation in post-war Britain. Authors : Joshi, H. ; Owen, S. ; Corporate author : London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (UK). ...
For most of recorded history, men's pay has tended to be higher than women's. In ... more For most of recorded history, men's pay has tended to be higher than women's. In Unequal Pay for Women and Men, Heather Joshi and Pierella Paci look at why gender pay inequality matters. They argue that no amount of training, maternity and parental leave, or child care provisions will change women's economic status if pay treatment remains unequal--if the market
After shrinking dramatically during the Second World War, the gender wage gap (GWG) narrowed agai... more After shrinking dramatically during the Second World War, the gender wage gap (GWG) narrowed again in the early 1970s due to the Equal Pay Act. The GWG has closed across birth cohorts at all points in the adult life-cycle but remains. Within birth cohort it rises to middle age before falling again. Among those born in 1958, the raw GWG was 16 percentage points among workers aged 23, rising to 35 percentage points at 42. Among those born in 1970 the gaps were 9 and 31 percentage points at age 26 and age 42 respectively. Differences in men’s and women’s work experience in mid-life account for much but not all of the raw gap in both cohorts. The GWG is a little larger early in the life cycle when accounting for non-random selection into employment but selection plays no role later in life. Policy options for closing the remaining gap are considered.
Greenwich Papers in Political Economy, Sep 23, 2010
Social polarisation age at motherhood. Later childbearing since 1970 has not affected all social ... more Social polarisation age at motherhood. Later childbearing since 1970 has not affected all social groups equally. Disadvantaged women tend to have children earlier. Are their children also at a disadvantage? How far are any disadvantages in children of young mothers reflections of their mothers’ age or their antecedent experience?
International audienceCONTEXT. Child development has been described as strongly related to parent... more International audienceCONTEXT. Child development has been described as strongly related to parental economic and time investments in their child. Under such a model, siblings “compete” for parental resources and are considered as a hindrance for child development. However, having siblings could also bring benefits.OBJECTIVE. To explore the association between having siblings and child development.DATA. The Millennium Cohort Study included 19,244 UK families with children born in 2000-2002. Families were interviewed when the cohort child was 9 months, 3, 5 and 7 years. The child’s development was measured in terms of cognitive, verbal and behavioural outcomes. The impact of number of siblings on the risk for a child to fall into to the bottom 10% of the distributions of these developmental outcomes was explored.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Number of siblings increased over time. The probability of being in the bottom 10% of the developmental distributions is higher when the cohort child h...
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, 1997
Summary In using census data, a range of indicators is commonly used to indicate deprivation. Thi... more Summary In using census data, a range of indicators is commonly used to indicate deprivation. This paper examines the validity of these indicators by exploring how well they predict income in surveys (the Family Expenditure Surveys of 1983 and 1990 and the General Household Survey of 1984) which also collect income data. A reasonably parsimonious set of seven socioeconomic variables (as well as controls for age, sex and region) explains about 40% of the variation in log-income. Our results provide a set of weights for a deprivation index and offer no support for the practice of assigning equal weights to the indicators. A census-based proxy would miss a sizable minority of the actual poor and misclassify some with higher incomes. A majority of the ‘deprived’ are poor by a cash yardstick, but some are not.
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 1981
... Search. XML. To cite or link to this reference: http://hdl.handle.net/10068/552130. Title : D... more ... Search. XML. To cite or link to this reference: http://hdl.handle.net/10068/552130. Title : Demographic predictions of women's work participation in post-war Britain. Authors : Joshi, H. ; Owen, S. ; Corporate author : London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (UK). ...
For most of recorded history, men's pay has tended to be higher than women's. In ... more For most of recorded history, men's pay has tended to be higher than women's. In Unequal Pay for Women and Men, Heather Joshi and Pierella Paci look at why gender pay inequality matters. They argue that no amount of training, maternity and parental leave, or child care provisions will change women's economic status if pay treatment remains unequal--if the market
After shrinking dramatically during the Second World War, the gender wage gap (GWG) narrowed agai... more After shrinking dramatically during the Second World War, the gender wage gap (GWG) narrowed again in the early 1970s due to the Equal Pay Act. The GWG has closed across birth cohorts at all points in the adult life-cycle but remains. Within birth cohort it rises to middle age before falling again. Among those born in 1958, the raw GWG was 16 percentage points among workers aged 23, rising to 35 percentage points at 42. Among those born in 1970 the gaps were 9 and 31 percentage points at age 26 and age 42 respectively. Differences in men’s and women’s work experience in mid-life account for much but not all of the raw gap in both cohorts. The GWG is a little larger early in the life cycle when accounting for non-random selection into employment but selection plays no role later in life. Policy options for closing the remaining gap are considered.
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