Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was employed to extract the essential oil from patc... more Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was employed to extract the essential oil from patchouli (Pogostemon cablin). The optimal conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of patchouli oil were determined by response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables (microwave power (A: 400–800 W), plant material to solvent ratio (B: 0.10–0.20 g mL−1) and extraction time (C: 20–60 min)) on the extraction yield of patchouli oil. The correlation analysis of the mathematical-regression model indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the microwave extraction of patchouli oil. The optimal extraction conditions of patchouli oil was microwave power 634.024 W, plant material to solvent ratio 0.147648 g ml−1 and extraction time 51.6174 min. The maximum patchouli oil yield was 2.80516% under these optimal conditions. Under the extraction condition, the experimental values agreed with the predicted results by analysis of variance. It indicated high fitness of the model used and the success of response surface methodology for optimizing and reflect the expected extraction condition.
Abstract The use of supercritical fluids (especially supercritical carbon dioxide) in the textile... more Abstract The use of supercritical fluids (especially supercritical carbon dioxide) in the textile industry as a substitute to water-based dyeing processes has continued to be a subject of significant interest among researchers in recent years due to far reaching and promising contributions which have prompted their use in several areas. This chapter provides an in-depth and comprehensive review on the application of supercritical carbon dioxide for dyeing operations. The solubility of dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide, dye distribution, and mass transfer phenomena between the textile fibers and carbon dioxide are discussed while the challenges and limitations of supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing have been highlighted and suggestions proffered to address these problems.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Feb 1, 2018
Abstract Solvent-free microwave extraction method was first employed to extract essential oil fro... more Abstract Solvent-free microwave extraction method was first employed to extract essential oil from dried patchouli ( Pogostemon cablin Benth) leaves. The effects of solvent-free microwave extraction variables including microwave power, ratio between mass of raw material with volume of distiller (F/D), raw material size and extraction time on the yield of essential oil were investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of solvent-free microwave extraction method in the chemical components of essential oil were also evaluated. The optimized conditions was as follows: microwave power of 450 W, ratio between mass of raw material with volume of distiller (F/D) of 0.06 g/mL, raw material size of intact (4.66 ± 1.41 cm) and extraction time of 90 min. Moreover, the extraction time was sufficient for solvent-free microwave extraction method to obtain higher yield than that using microwave hydrodistillation method for 3 h, indicating a significant reduction of extraction time and an improvement of efficiency. The composition of the essential oil was then determined by GC-MS, and 16 components were identified. The composition of essential oil obtained using solvent-free microwave extraction method meets the quality standard ISO 3757: 2002 (E), and the major component is patchouli alcohol (53.68%). This study suggests that solvent-free microwave extraction method is a rapid and efficient alternative for the extraction of essential oil from dried patchouli ( Pogostemon cablin Benth) leaves, with a great potential for industrial application.
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was employed to extract the essential oil from patc... more Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was employed to extract the essential oil from patchouli (Pogostemon cablin). The optimal conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of patchouli oil were determined by response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables (microwave power (A: 400–800 W), plant material to solvent ratio (B: 0.10–0.20 g mL−1) and extraction time (C: 20–60 min)) on the extraction yield of patchouli oil. The correlation analysis of the mathematical-regression model indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the microwave extraction of patchouli oil. The optimal extraction conditions of patchouli oil was microwave power 634.024 W, plant material to solvent ratio 0.147648 g ml−1 and extraction time 51.6174 min. The maximum patchouli oil yield was 2.80516% under these optimal conditions. Under the extraction condition, the experimental values agreed with the predicted results by analysis of variance. It indicated high fitness of the model used and the success of response surface methodology for optimizing and reflect the expected extraction condition.
Abstract The use of supercritical fluids (especially supercritical carbon dioxide) in the textile... more Abstract The use of supercritical fluids (especially supercritical carbon dioxide) in the textile industry as a substitute to water-based dyeing processes has continued to be a subject of significant interest among researchers in recent years due to far reaching and promising contributions which have prompted their use in several areas. This chapter provides an in-depth and comprehensive review on the application of supercritical carbon dioxide for dyeing operations. The solubility of dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide, dye distribution, and mass transfer phenomena between the textile fibers and carbon dioxide are discussed while the challenges and limitations of supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing have been highlighted and suggestions proffered to address these problems.
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Feb 1, 2018
Abstract Solvent-free microwave extraction method was first employed to extract essential oil fro... more Abstract Solvent-free microwave extraction method was first employed to extract essential oil from dried patchouli ( Pogostemon cablin Benth) leaves. The effects of solvent-free microwave extraction variables including microwave power, ratio between mass of raw material with volume of distiller (F/D), raw material size and extraction time on the yield of essential oil were investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of solvent-free microwave extraction method in the chemical components of essential oil were also evaluated. The optimized conditions was as follows: microwave power of 450 W, ratio between mass of raw material with volume of distiller (F/D) of 0.06 g/mL, raw material size of intact (4.66 ± 1.41 cm) and extraction time of 90 min. Moreover, the extraction time was sufficient for solvent-free microwave extraction method to obtain higher yield than that using microwave hydrodistillation method for 3 h, indicating a significant reduction of extraction time and an improvement of efficiency. The composition of the essential oil was then determined by GC-MS, and 16 components were identified. The composition of essential oil obtained using solvent-free microwave extraction method meets the quality standard ISO 3757: 2002 (E), and the major component is patchouli alcohol (53.68%). This study suggests that solvent-free microwave extraction method is a rapid and efficient alternative for the extraction of essential oil from dried patchouli ( Pogostemon cablin Benth) leaves, with a great potential for industrial application.
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